Ice capades.Ice is the coolest substance on Earth. You can skate skate, fish: see ray.skate Any of nine genera (suborder Rajoidea) of rounded to diamond-shaped rays. These bottom-dwellers are found from tropical to near-Arctic waters and from the shallows to depths of more than 9,000 ft (2,700 m). on it, make snowballs with it, or use it to cool off a warm glass of pop. It can even change its shape. Why? Temperature. Adding or removing heat energy from ice changes its physical properties, transforming it to liquid water, and even to gas. These different phases do remarkably different things. To learn more about ice - and water's other forms - try SW's chilling experiments. They're sure to melt away your winter blues. FROZEN-FOOD SECTION When you remove enough heat energy from substances - such as the berries on this page - they freeze. How does freezing affect cells? Find out. WHAT YOU NEED: onion * food coloring * microscope slides * microscope * freezer freezer the compartment in which meat and offal are stored at freezing temperatures of 10 to 16°F (-12 to -9°C) although there is a trend to lower temperatures of 0 to -22°F (-18 to -30°C). WHAT TO DO: 1. Peel a very thin layer from the juicy part of an onion. Place it on a slide. Add a drop or two of food coloring. Examine the cells with a microscope. Draw what you see. 2. Peel off another layer of onion. Stain Stain (microbiology) Any colored, organic compound, usually called dye, used to stain tissues, cells, cell components, or cell contents. The dye may be natural or synthetic. The object stained is called the substrate. as before and freeze on a second slide for an hour. Take frozen onion out of the freezer and quickly examine under microscope. Draw a diagram of the results. DON'T STOP NOW Let frozen onion thaw and examine again. What changes do you detect? IT'S A GAS You may have noticed that ice is not always crystal clear like an ice sculpture bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. See also: Ice . Where does the cloudiness come from? WHAT YOU NEED: two plastic storage containers with lids * water * saucepan * stove or microwave WHAT TO DO: 1. Fill half of one container with cold tap water. Put lid on and shake. 2. Boil some water. Slowly fill second container halfway with boiled water. Put lid on (don't shake). 3. Label the containers and freeze overnight. 4. The next day, take containers out of freezer. Carefully remove lids and observe ice. CONCLUSIONS: Which container has the clearer ice? Why? (Hint: Which container had more air bubbles dissolved in the water before it froze froze v. Past tense of freeze. froze Verb the past tense of freeze froze, frozen freeze ?) DON'T STOP NOW! The container you filled with hot water will have crystals on its lid. How did they get there? Look at the shape of the crystals with a magnifying glass magnifying glass: see microscope. magnifying glass traditional detective equipment; from its use by Sherlock Holmes. [Br. Lit.: Payton, 473] See : Sleuthing . Can you see how many points each crystal has? Compare the shape of the crystals to the snowflake on page 10. How are your crystals similar? Different? PRESSURE POINT What happens to the ice in a skating skating: see ice skating; ice dancing; roller skating. skating Sport in which bladelike runners or sets of wheels attached to shoes are used for gliding on ice or on surfaces other than ice. rink as you glide across it? If you're feeling pressured, cool off with this experiment. WHAT YOU NEED: an ice-cube tray with a removable cube separator (or a flat pan similar to the size of an ice-cube tray) * large flat baking pan * thin metal wire * 3 bricks WHAT TO DO: 1. Remove cube separator from tray. Fill tray with water. Put in freezer overnight. 2. Run cool water over bottom of tray to loosen. Remove block of ice. 3. Place ice block across two upright bricks in the large pan (see diagram). 4. Tie a piece of wire around the ice and hang the third brick from the wire. 5. Watch what happens over the next few hours. CONCLUSIONS: Why were you able to perform this trick? What two phase changes occurred? How is this experiment similar to what happens when you skate on ice? GROWING ICE How does freezing affect the volume (and density) of water? Try this to find out. WHAT YOU NEED: foam plastic cup * plastic storage container * water * large bowl WHAT TO DO: 1. Place cup in plastic container. Fill cup to the rim with water. Put setup in freezer overnight. 2. Look at the cup the next morning. What happened? DON'T STOP NOW! Peel the styrofoam cup off the ice. Place the ice chunk in a large bowl. Add water until it's almost overflowing o·ver·flow v. o·ver·flowed, o·ver·flow·ing, o·ver·flows v.intr. 1. To flow or run over the top, brim, or banks. 2. To be filled beyond capacity, as a container or waterway. 3. . How much of your mini-iceberg is floating above water? Will the water overflow when your iceberg iceberg, mass of ice that has become detached, or calved, from the edge of an ice sheet or glacier and is floating on the ocean. Because ice is slightly less dense than water about one ninth of the total mass of a berg projects above the water. melts? Explain. ICE-CREAM ICE-CREAM Interactive Consumption of Entertainment in Consumer Responsive, Engaging & Active Media LAB Make a frozen treat and eat away your winter blues. WHAT YOU NEED: 2 cups of heavy or light cream * 1/2 cup sugar * 1/2 teaspoon tea·spoon n. Abbr. tsp., tsp A measure of about 1 fluid dram or 5 milliliters. teaspoon a household unit of volume or capacity approximately equal to 5 milliliters. vanilla vanilla, a plant of the genus Vanilla of the family Orchidaceae (orchid family). Vines of hot, damp climates, most are indigenous to Central and South America, especially Mexico, but are now cultivated in other tropical regions. 2 2 * 1/2 cup salt * large plastic container * large mug * chopped ice * small plastic cup * two small spoons WHAT TO DO: 1. Mix cream, sugar, and vanilla together in large container. 2. Pour salt and crushed ice into large mug and stir with one of your spoons. 3. Push small plastic cup into the mug until it's surrounded by the salt and ice mixture. 4. Fill the plastic cup halfway with some of the ice-cream mix. 5. Stir mixture slowly with other spoon, scraping (1) Extracting data from output intended for the screen or printer rather than from original files or databases. For example, Web pages formatted in HTML are often scraped. the sides as you mix, until frozen. CONCLUSIONS: How long does it take for your ice cream to freeze? What does the mixture feel like as it changes? What is the purpose of the salt? DON'T STOP NOW! Dig in. How does your ice cream taste? |
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