IP SAN or Fibre Channel SAN?

Microsoft Exchange Server is a commonly used mail server that is an integral part of many data centers. Choosing the proper storage environment for MS-Exchange Server can be a difficult decision because there are several available topologies for backing up to a data storage device. For this comparison, we will consider a Fibre Channel SAN and an IP SAN, using iSCSI, as viable network options for an MS-Exchange Server.

Fibre Channel SAN topology is the high-speed storage option at a top-dollar price. And until recently, a Fibre Channel SAN was the only option for networked storage. But with the advent of iSCSI, companies now have another SAN topology, called an IP SAN, which is more cost-effective than Fibre Channel. Though an IP SAN offers slower throughput than a Fibre Channel SAN, dedicated IP SANs running iSCSI are positioned to be the practical and economical alternative for many storage environments.

So, which storage topology is optimal for an MS-Exchange Server environment? Based purely on speed, one would expect the Fibre Channel SAN to outperform an IP SAN, but other factors must be considered. As with any environment, the storage device, the interface connection, the switches, and even the server, must all be accounted for in the system. Any one bottleneck can strangle the entire network, eliminating any benefit a high-performance network has to offer.

To help decide which topology is best for MS-Exchange Server and uncover any potential bottlenecks, Spectra Logic set out to compare the performance of a Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet in the same environment. The intent of this benchmark comparison test was to discover the benefits and drawbacks of choosing a Fibre Channel SAN versus an IP SAN, considering total cost and overall performance.

Cost

The iSCSI protocol runs SCSI on a TCP/IP network. Widespread experience and familiarity with 1P networks facilitate easy deployment of such technology. The total cost of switches, cabling and Host Bus Adapters (HBAs) is an important consideration. Common list prices of components (as of May 2003) illustrate the magnitude of cost differences for IP SAN and fibre SAN topologies (see Table 1).

Overall, components for iSCSI are considerably less expensive than Fibre Channel components, especially considering the absolute minimum price range. Fibre Channel is the higher-performing technology, but it is expensive, more complex, and requires Fibre Channel expertise.

Performance: The Environment

Microsoft's MS-Exchange Server is an extremely popular application for e-mail, workgroup scheduling and common office communications. It is used extensively in both large and small firms, and runs on a wide variety of hardware. For the benchmark test, a 20GB database was created to represent four separate mailboxes. The host was an Intel Pentium 4 dual-processor (2 x 2.0GHz) server with four 7200-RPM ATA disk drives.

The database was backed up to a Spectra Logic Spectra 20K tape library. Four Sony AIT-3 tape drives were used and both tests were run to a single drive, two drives, three drives, and all four drives to see how each configuration would scale and to reveal any bottlenecks (see Table 2).

The same server, data, library and tape drives were used for both storage network configurations. Only the network and host connectivity was changed. Figure 1 shows the configurations that were tested.

The Hypothesis

The benchmark test was performed to compare the throughput performance between Fibre Channel and iSCSI while backing up a 20GB MS-Exchange Sever database. The more costly SAN Fibre Channel connectivity was expected to significantly outperform iSCSI over Gigabit Ethernet.

The Performance Data

The complete test results show an unexpectedly small throughput performance differential between the two network configurations (see Table 3).

While the Fibre Channel did produce slightly higher throughput speed, iSCSI provided very competitive results. The test concluded that the high-speed throughput of a Fibre Channel SAN was limited by a significant performance bottleneck within the system. A significantly faster server might produce a wider differential, but similar MS-Exchange Server environments will probably see similar results.

Summary

Fibre Channel offers impressive throughput, and where performance is imperative, a Fibre Channel SAN is an excellent choice. However, IP SAN equipment is less expensive; the topology is more familiar to data center staff, and it is conducive to running other applications over the network.

Given the equal performance with an expected 63-74% cost advantage, an IP SAN using iSCSI should quickly become the backup consolidation network of choice for MS-Exchange Server. In fact, iSCSI should be considered when choosing any storage environment, especially ones with performance constraints similar to those of mail servers.

Users upgrading from a typical DAS environment should consider an IP SAN as a familiar and practical alternative to a Fibre Channel SAN. As this benchmark comparison illustrates, any backup is only as fast as its slowest link. A database, backplane, disk or server might not be able to achieve the faster throughputs that justify a high-performance Fibre Channel SAN.

Spectra Logic manufactures, sells, and supports both native Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet tape libraries. Each has its advantages. But an IP SAN will provide solid performance in many environments, free backup traffic from the LAN, and allow other IP traffic if needed--at a cost--effective deployment price.

Table 1

Component            Fibre List    iSCI Price          iSCSI Minimum
                     Price of      of Tested           Price
                     Tested

HBA                  $1,000        $400                $400

Driver               (included     Free with Linux,    Free with Linux,
                     with HBA)     Windows, Novell,    Windows, Novell,
                                   NetApp and HP-UX    NetApp and HP-UX

Switch (per port)    $1,000        $70-250             $0

Network Interface
Card (NIC)           N/A           $50-100             $0

TOTAL                $2,000        $520-750            $400

Savings on IP SAN                  63-74%              80%

Table 2

Component          Fibre Channel               iSCSI

Server             2x2.0 GHz Pentium 4,        2x2.0 GHz Pentium 4,
                   7200 RPM ATA Disk Drives    7200 RPM ATA Disk Drives

RDBMS              MS-Exchange Server 2000     MS-Exchange Server 2000

DB Size            20 GB                       20 GB

Switch             Brocade Silkworm 3200,      Extreme Summit
                   version 3.02                5i IP Switch

Host Bus Adaptor   Qlogic QLA-2200 (FC)        Intel PRO/1000 T IP
                                               (iSCSI), version 1

Backup Software    Veritas Backup Exec,        Veritas Backup Exec,
                   version 9.0                 version 9.0

Backup Hardware    Spectra 20k, 4 AIT-3        Spectra 20k, 4 AIT-3
                   tape drives                 tape drives
                   (1 Gb Fire Channel,         (1 Gb Fire Channel,
                   using a G1 F-QIP)           using a G1 F-QIP)

Table 3

Backup          Fibre Channel   ISCSI

Single stream   19.32 MB/Sec    21.14 MB/Sec
Two stream      32.06 MB/Sec    24.82 MB/Sec
Three stream    35.24 MB/Sec    33.72 MB/Sec
Four stream     35.35 MB/Sec    32.72 MB/Sec

Sharon Isaacson is senior product manager and Colman Sanchez is technical writer at Spectra Logic ((Boulder, CO)

www.spectralogic.com