Hot spots.Volcanic eruptions volcanic eruptions discharging of fumes, dust and lava from volcanoes. They have damaging potential in addition to those of being physically overpowering by the lava flow or the ash or dust fallout. can be spectacular--but also deadly. In 1980, Mount St. Helens St.Helen may refer to:
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface Noun 1. Earth's surface - the outermost level of the land or sea; "earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water" surface through which red-hot lava (melted rock) and gases spew into the air. Most volcanoes are located where the large, rigid plates that make up the Earth's surface continually move toward or away from each other, colliding or spreading apart, The Earth has about 1,500 volcanoes. which are located both on land and at the bottom of the sea. Many others are dormant (not active), or extinct. On land, some eruptions have been so violent that they have wiped out entire towns and killed thousands of people. In 79 A.D., a volcanic eruption destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii (pahm-PAY). The word volcano comes from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire. Volcanoes are found on every continent. But the largest number are located along a belt known as the Ring of Fire, which nearly circles the Pacific Ocean (see map). The map shows the location of major volcanoes. It is not possible to show the location of every volcano. Iceland, for example, has more than 30 active volcanoes, one of which erupted spectacularly on November 4. Study the map, and then answer the questions. How do volcanoes form? Earth's surface has three layers: a thin crust, a layer beneath the crust called the mantle, and a core in the center. Volcanoes erupt when melted rock, or magma, gushes up from the mantle and breaks through a weak spot in the crust (Magma that has erupted is called lava.) Earth's crust looks like a giant jigsaw A Web server from the W3C that incorporates advanced features and uses a modular design similar to the Apache Web server. Jigsaw supports HTTP 1.1 and provided an experimental platform for HTTP-NG. See HTTP-NG and Amaya. puzzle. The puzzle pieces--or plates--move slowly; But they continually collide col·lide intr.v. col·lid·ed, col·lid·ing, col·lides 1. To come together with violent, direct impact. 2. with each other or pull apart. Scientists call the places where the plates bang together subduction zones subduction zone, large-scaled narrow region in the earth's crust where, according to plate tectonics, masses of the spreading oceanic lithosphere bend downward into the earth along the leading edges of converging lithospheric plates where it slowly melts at about 400 . * OBJECTIVE Students should understand * a volcano is an opening in Earth's surface through which gases and melted rock spew into the air. * WORDS TO KNOW lava: molten rock that flows from a volcano * Ring of Fire: a zone of frequent volcanic eruptions that nearly encircles the Pacific Ocean. * TEACHING STRATEGY Ask students: "What would you do if you lived near a volcano and it started to rumble?" * BACKGROUND One of the most destructive eruptions in modern history occurred at Krakatau, a volcano in Indonesia, on August 26, 1883. A series of eruptions--one of which could be heard in Australia--generated huge, destructive ocean waves known as tsunamis. The giant waves, fumes fumes odorous gases and other volatile materials; inhalation of irritating fumes causes coughing and, if sufficiently severe, irreversible pulmonary edema. , and ash killed about 36,000 people on nearby islands. Scientists believe the dust released by Krakatau might have been the cause for a worldwide drop in temperature that lasted for years. * CRITICAL THINKING NOTING DETAILS: In which region of the continental United States United States territory, including the adjacent territorial waters, located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called CONUS. are most volcanoes located? (the Pacific Northwest) COMPREHENSION: Where are volcanoes located in general? (Volcanoes can be found both on land and at the bottom of the sea. Most volcanoes are located in areas where the large plates that make up Earth's surface continually collide with each other or pull apart.) * ACTIVITY VOLCANIC NEIGHBORS: Instruct students to research the agricultural advantages of settling in an area of a volcano. Students can create a poster or present an oral report describing how eruptions have benefited the agricultural life of a region. STANDARDS SOCIAL STUDIES, GRADES 5-8 * People, places, and environment: How volcanoes form on Earth's surface and how volcanic eruptions affect the physical environment and the lives of the people nearby. QUESTIONS 1. What does magma turn into after it erupts?-- 2. The Ring of Fire nearly circles which ocean?-- 3. Which U.S. state A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States, although four states use the official title "commonwealth". The separate state governments and the federal government share sovereignty, in that an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and at 21[degrees]N, 157[degrees]W has several volcanoes?-- 4. Name the volcanic islands located on the equator, west of Ecuador.-- 5. Which Northern European island country has a large number of volcanoes?-- 6. Which mountain chain in South America South America, fourth largest continent (1991 est. pop. 299,150,000), c.6,880,000 sq mi (17,819,000 sq km), the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere. is located on the Ring of Fire?-- 7. Which chain of volcanic islands extends west from the state of Alaska?-- 8. Mount St. Helens is located 95 miles from which city?-- 9. Mount St. Helens is located in which direction from Olympia, Washington Olympia is the capital of the U.S. state of Washington. It was incorporated on January 28, 1859. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 42,514. Olympia is the county seat of Thurston County and a major cultural center of the Puget Sound region. ?-- 10. What do scientists call the places where Earth's plates bang together?-- 1. lava 2. Pacific Ocean 3. Hawaii 4. Galapagos Islands 5. Iceland 6. Andes Mountains Andes Mountains Mountain system, western South America. One of the great natural features of the globe, the Andes extend north-south about 5,500 mi (8,900 km). They run parallel to the Caribbean Sea coast in Venezuela before turning southwest and entering Colombia. 7. Aleutian Islands Aleutian Islands (əl  `shən), chain of rugged, volcanic islands curving c.1,200 mi (1,900 km) west from the tip of the Alaska Peninsula and approaching Russia's Komandorski Islands. 8. Seattle, Washington  This page is protected from moves until disputes have been resolved on the .The reason for its protection is listed on the protection policy page. 9. Southeast 10. subduction zones * Use a word from the list to correctly complete each sentence. 79, 1,500, Andes Mountains, Arctic, Atlantic, Iceland, lava, magma, Pacific, Pompeii, three, Vulcan, Washington 21. Mount St. Helens is located in-- 22. The melted rock that has erupted from a volcano is--. 23. Earth's--volcanoes are located on land and under the sea. 24. The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes that nearly circles the--Ocean. 25. --has more than 30 active volcanoes, one of which erupted on November 4, 2004. 21. Washington 22. lava 23. 1,500 24. Pacific 25. Iceland RESOURCES * Kunhardt, Edith, Pompeii ... Buried Alive! (Random House, 2003). Grades 5-8. * Van Rose, Susanna, Volcano (DK Publishing, 2004). Grades 5-8. GROLIER WEB SITE KEY TERM * Volcano WEB SITES * Weekly Volcanic Activity Report www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs * Mount St. Helens Web Cam See Webcam. www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/volcanocams/msh |
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