Homeownership of baby boomers contributes to decline in renter shares of total households. (Building Blocks).Renter shares of total households dropped sharply since 1995 as a result of low interest rates for mortgage and demographic See demographics. factors that favor increased homeownership. Nonetheless, the rise in homeownership has had limited impact on the rental RENTAL. A roll or list of the rents of an estate containing the description of the lands let, the names of the tenants, and other particulars connected with such estate. This is the same as rent roll, from which it is said to be corrupted. housing market. The renter share of total households dropped from 35.3 percent during 1995 to 32.2 percent last year. An even more pronounced decline occurred in metropolitan areas. A 37.3 percent renter share of total households in metro areas This article is about the music production team. For the article about population centers, see metropolitan area. Metro Area are a Brooklyn-based dance music production team composed of Morgan Geist and Darshan Jesrani. was estimated for 1995 and a 32.2 percent share occurred in 2001. The 3.1 percent decline in the renter share of total households translates into 3.3 million fewer renter house holds existing last year than would be the case had the share not declined. Every 0.1 percentage point change in the renter share represents more than 100,000 households. Demographics The attributes of people in a particular geographic area. Used for marketing purposes, population, ethnic origins, religion, spoken language, income and age range are examples of demographic data. Household growth from population increases and other basic demographics did moderate the impact of the declining renter shares on the change in the total number of renter households from 1995 to 2001. Total renter households declined by about 800,000 during the 1995 to 2001 period--34.4 million in 2001, compared to 35.2 million in 1995. Another demographic characteristic that was a major factor is the rise in homeownership rates over the past several years. Baby boomers See generation X. (those 35 to 44 years of age) continue to age into the high homeownership age cohorts (low renter shares). Shares of renters in successive age cohorts decline until they reach age 75 or older. More than 75 percent of ail households less than 25 years of age are renters. By age 40 to 44, the ratio drops to 29 percent and by 50, the ratio is less than 20 percent. The large number of the trailing edge of the baby boomer baby boomer also ba·by-boom·er n. A member of a baby-boom generation. Noun 1. baby boomer - a member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s; "they expanded the schools for a generation of baby boomers" boomer generation cohorts will continue to add pressure for an overall increase in homeownership during the next several years. Demographic trends will turn in favor of upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage of. See also: favor larger renter shares as the number of households under age 30 rise sharply from the echo-boom generation (born 1977-94). This will become visible at the end of this decade. The impact of lower mortgage interest rates and the strong economy of the 1990s also can be observed ob·serve v. ob·served, ob·serv·ing, ob·serves v.tr. 1. To be or become aware of, especially through careful and directed attention; notice. 2. in the renter share by age cohort cohort /co·hort/ (ko´hort) 1. in epidemiology, a group of individuals sharing a common characteristic and observed over time in the group. 2. table below. The renter share of households declined in all age cohorts during 1995-2001. Renter Share Data The renter share data is derived de·rive v. de·rived, de·riv·ing, de·rives v.tr. 1. To obtain or receive from a source. 2. from the U.S. Census census, periodic official count of the number of persons and their condition and of the resources of a country. In ancient times, among the Jews and Romans, such enumeration was mainly for taxation and conscription purposes. Bureau's Housing Vacancy VACANCY. A place which is empty. The term is principally applied to cases where an office is not filled. 2. By the constitution of the United States, the president has the power to fill up vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate. Survey (HVS HVS Human Visual System HVS Herpesvirus Saimiri HVS High Voltage Software HVS High-Volume Sampler HVS Hard, Very Severe (rock climbing grade) HVS Hue, Value, Saturation (color model, aka HLS) ). The HVS is done as an adjunct adjunct (aj´ungkt), n a drug or other substance that serves a supplemental purpose in therapy. adjunct to the Current Population Survey and homeownership rates are part of its output (the renter share is simply a residual--homeownership rate plus renter share equal 100.) Currently, HVS estimates of homeownership rates are part of a system that uses the 1990 Census as a basis. The use of a 1990 Census as a basis for updating the share estimates may cause an understatement of proportions of renters. Therefore, an overstatement o·ver·state tr.v. o·ver·stat·ed, o·ver·stat·ing, o·ver·states To state in exaggerated terms. See Synonyms at exaggerate. o of home ownership rates. The 2000 Census shows that renters account for 33.8 percent of total households. This is 1.2 percent higher than the 32.6 percent estimate derived from the HVS process for 2000. Annual renter share data for the 75 largest metropolitan areas can be derived from the homeownership data that is published. The table on page 29 lists the renter share data along with employment data for 1995, 2000 and 2001. Employment growth serves as an indicator Indicator Anything used to predict future financial or economic trends. Notes: In the context of technical analysis, an indicator is a mathematical calculation based on a securities price and/or volume. The result is used to predict future prices. of the health of the local economy. A statistical analysis of the growth in employment from 1995 to 2001 to the change in the renter share ratios shows little correlation correlation In statistics, the degree of association between two random variables. The correlation between the graphs of two data sets is the degree to which they resemble each other. . We keep employment data in the table for observation purposes. The standard errors given in the renter share section of the table show the potential sampling error that surround the renter share level in a year. For example, the 1.8 percent standard error for Indianapolis Indianapolis (ĭn'dēənă`pəlĭs), city (1990 pop. 731,327), state capital and seat of Marion co., central Ind., on the White River; selected 1820 as the site of the state capital (which was moved there in 1825), inc. 1847. means the real level of the renter share most likely lies between 27.3 and 30.9 percent. Renter's shares of total households declined in all four of the U.S. regions. The most pronounced drop was in the Midwest Midwest or Middle West, region of the United States centered on the western Great Lakes and the upper-middle Mississippi valley. It is a somewhat imprecise term that has been applied to the northern section of the land between the Appalachians with the renter share ratio falling 3.9 percent to 28.9 percent over the 1995-2001 period. The Northeast “Northeastern” redirects here. For the Boston college, see Northeastern University, Boston. Northeast or north east is the ordinal direction halfway between north and east. It is the opposite of southwest. See boxing the compass. had the smallest decline at 1.7 percent to a 36.3 percent. Renter share ratios dropped 3.4 percent in the Midwest and 3.1 percent in the South. A wide range of changes in the renter ratios occurred among the metro areas in each region. Most metro areas experienced declines in their ratios. Forty of the 75 largest metropolitan areas experienced statistically significant declines in the renter ratios from 1995 to 2001. Only 11 metropolitan areas experienced increases in the proportion of renters of their total households. Four did not have statistically significant changes. There were no obvious common characteristics among the metro areas with increases in renter shares. There was a wide mix of rates of employment growth among them. Their annual average employment growth rates Growth Rates The compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or other figures. Notes: Remember, historically high growth rates don't always mean a high rate of growth looking into the future. from 1995 to 2001 ranged from 1.1 percent to 2.3 percent, versus a 1.8 percent national average. Their renter ratio levels also ranged from below the national average to above it. It should be noted that none of the metro areas with increases in the shares of renters were in the Midwest, which had the largest decline in renter shares among regions. Four metro areas experienced double-digit dou·ble-dig·it adj. Being between 10 and 99 percent: double-digit inflation. declines in their renter share ratios during 1995-2001. Again, the job growth rates do not help explain the large changes in the renter share ratios. There is little likelihood that a statistical anomaly Abnormality or deviation. Pronounced "uh-nom-uh-lee," it is a favorite word among computer people when complex systems produce output that is inexplicable. See software conflict and anomaly detection. occurred in the share estimates for these metro areas. The changes in the shares were spread through each of the six years measured in this analysis. We noted earlier that the decline in renter shares has had a limited impact on the rental housing market. This is supported by the fact that rent increases have exceeded inflation for the past several years in spite of in opposition to all efforts of; in defiance or contempt of; notwithstanding. See also: Spite the decline in the renter shares of total households. Vacancy rates for all rental units and for rental apartment units rose about 1 percent. The rise occurred last year, and this is probably more related to the slumping Slumping is a categorical description of an area of techniques for the forming of glass through the use of heating glass to the point where it becomes plastic. It is generally formed by the force of gravity. economy. There also is evidence that most of the decline in renter shares occurred in the single-family sin·gle-fam·i·ly adj. Relating to or being a dwelling designed for one family only: a single-family home; single-family occupancy. rental stock, according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. National Multi Housing Council research. Declines in renter shares of total households are nearing a trough Trough The stage of the economy's business cycle that marks the end of a period of declining business activity and the transition to expansion. . The demographics supporting increased homeownership rates are moving toward a peak and echo baby boomers are beginning to enter the housing market as renters.
RENTER SHARES OF HOUSEHOLDS BY AGE
1995 2000 2001
United States Total 35.3 32.6 32.2
Less than 25 years 84.1 78.3 77.5
25 to 29 years 65.6 61.9 61.1
30 to 34 years 46.9 45.4 45.2
35 to 39 years 37.9 35.0 34.5
40 to 44 years 31.4 29.4 29.2
45 to 49 years 26.3 25.3 24.6
50 to 54 years 23.0 21.5 21.8
55 to 59 years 21.2 19.6 19.0
60 to 64 years 19.7 19.7 18.2
65 to 69 years 19.0 17.0 17.6
70 to 74 years 19.1 17.4 17.5
175 years and over 25.4 22.3 21.9
Source: U.S Bureau of the Census
Metropolitan Area Increase in Statistically
Renter Ratio Significant
Northeast
Boston, MA-NH 0.1 No
Newark, NJ 1.0 No
Middlesex-Somerset, NJ 3.2 Yes
Rochester, NY 4.2 Yes
Syracuse, NY 5.5 Yes
South
Houston, TX 0.3 No
Greensboro, NC 0.9 No
Oklahoma City, OK 3.1 Yes
West Palm Beach, FL 6.1 Yes
West
Sacramento, CA 1.5 Yes
San Francisco, CA 5.2 Yes
Metropolitan Area Declines in Renter Job Growth
Average Share Ratio
Northeast
Buffalo, NY -11.2 0.4%
South
San Antonio, TX -12.5 2.4%
Richmond, VA -10.9 1.7%
West
Fresno, CA -11.8 2.2%
RENTER'S SHARE OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS EMPLOYMENT
1995 2000 2001
Total U.S. 35.3 32.6 32.2
Northeast 38.0 36.6 36.3
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 35.3 28.9 30.0
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 38.6 36.8 35.3
Boston, MA 40.8 41.3 41.0
Buffalo, NY 35.9 27.5 24.9
Hartford, CT 33.9 30.3 30.0
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 27.1 30.3 30.3
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 23.5 16.5 14.9
Nassau-Suffolk, NJ 20.4 20.3 17.4
New York, NY 67.2 65.9 66.6
Newark, NJ 36.0 39.7 37.0
Philadelphia, PA-NJ 30.9 25.3 26.4
Pittsburgh, PA 28.4 28.2 28.2
Providence-Pawtucket, RI 43.1 38.8 34.7
Rochester, NY 32.0 34.8 36.2
Scranton-Wilkes Barre-Hazelton, PA 32.8 28.2 26.7
Syracuse, NY 35.3 40.8 40.8
Midwest 30.8 27.4 26.9
Akron, OH 36.4 36.4 36.2
Chicago, IL 35.4 33.6 32.2
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 35.5 27.5 28.4
Cleveland, OH 29.8 28.0 27.2
Columbus, OH 41.1 38.1 35.3
Dayton-Springfield, OH 38.9 37.2 38.8
Detroit, MI 30.4 24.7 23.9
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI 30.4 19.9 21.1
Indianapolis, IN 36.3 32.5 29.1
Kansas City, MO-KS 30.8 26.4 25.0
Milwaukee, WI 37.6 32.5 33.6
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 33.4 26.9 26.5
Omaha, NE 33.7 30.4 32.4
St. Louis, MO-IL 33.3 29.4 29.1
South 33.3 30.4 30.2
Atlanta, GA 35.9 32.3 33.4
Austin-San Marcos,TX 60.1 54.7 57.7
Baltimore, MD 35.6 31.8 32.0
Birmingham, AL 32.6 30.1 29.2
Charlotte-Gastonio-Rock Hill, NC-SC 27.4 24.2 26.4
Dallas, TX 41.3 37.6 37.2
Fort Lauderdale, FL 31.2 23.7 23.9
Fort-Worth-Arlington, TX 40.1 37.6 37.7
Greensboro-Wins. Salem-High Point, NC 28.7 31.1 29.6
Greenville-Spartansburg-Anderson, CA 30.2 23.5 24.1
Houston, TX 43.8 46.6 44.1
Jacksonville, FL 33.4 29.6 31.6
Louisville, KY-IL 30.1 29.8 24.3
Memphis, TN-AR-MS 38.4 38.6 33.6
Miami, FL 49.1 43.8 41.2
Nashville, TN 37.5 32.1 32.3
New Orleans, LA 41.7 35.4 38.0
Norfolk-Va. Beach-Newport News, VA 37.4 29.9 28.5
Oklahoma City, OK 30.4 29.5 33.5
Orlando, FL 38.3 39.5 37.0
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 37.7 34.4 37.1
Richmond, VA 34.6 25.9 23.8
San Antonio, TX 45.1 31.4 32.6
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 31.9 30.0 29.3
Tulsa, OK 34.1 34.8 33.9
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 37.7 32.9 30.5
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 25.1 28.7 31.2
West 40.8 38.3 37.4
Denver, CO 34.1 31.8 32.3
Fresno, CA 48.5 43.8 36.7
Honolulu, HI 50.9 43.2 44.6
Las Vegas, NV 44.9 38.1 37.9
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 51.9 51.0 49.9
Oakland, CA 43.0 39.7 41.5
Orange County, CA 41.2 37.7 34.2
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 33.8 29.3 30.8
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA 39.7 37.9 34.7
San Bernandino-Riverside, CA 41.7 38.2 33.6
Sacramento, CA 25.6 27.1 27.1
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 38.2 37.4 37.6
San Diego, CA 42.2 40.9 36.0
San Francisco, CA 46.2 51.1 51.4
San Jose, CA 41.3 39.1 39.7
Seattle, WA 39.0 36.6 34.0
Tucson, AZ 45.1 39.5 35.6
Ventura, CA 30.5 33.8 25.6
Standard Change
Error 1995-01
Total U.S. 0.1 -3.1
Northeast 0.6 -1.7
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 1.9 -5.3
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 1.6 -3.3
Boston, MA 1.0 0.2
Buffalo, NY 1.6 -11.0
Hartford, CT 1.7 -3.9
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 1.7 3.2
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 1.4 -8.6
Nassau-Suffolk, NJ 1.0 -3.0
New York, NY 0.6 -0.6
Newark, NJ 1.3 1.0
Philadelphia, PA-NJ 0.7 -4.5
Pittsburgh, PA 1.0 -0.2
Providence-Pawtucket, RI 1.0 -8.4
Rochester, NY 1.7 4.2
Scranton-Wilkes Barre-Hazelton, PA 1.9 -6.1
Syracuse, NY 2.3 5.5
Midwest 0.5 -3.9
Akron, OH 1.3 -0.2
Chicago, IL 0.6 -3.2
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 1.3 -7.1
Cleveland, OH 1.0 -2.6
Columbus, OH 1.5 -5.8
Dayton-Springfield, OH 1.7 -0.1
Detroit, MI 0.8 -6.5
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI 1.7 -9.3
Indianapolis, IN 1.8 -7.2
Kansas City, MO-KS 1.4 -5.8
Milwaukee, WI 1.7 -4.0
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 1.1 -6.9
Omaha, NE 1.4 -1.3
St. Louis, MO-IL 1.3 -4.2
South 0.4 -3.1
Atlanta, GA 1.1 -2.5
Austin-San Marcos,TX 2.1 -2.4
Baltimore, MD 1.3 -3.6
Birmingham, AL 1.9 -3.4
Charlotte-Gastonio-Rock Hill, NC-SC 1.4 -1.0
Dallas, TX 1.2 -4.1
Fort Lauderdale, FL 1.4 -7.3
Fort-Worth-Arlington, TX 1.7 -2.4
Greensboro-Wins. Salem-High Point, NC 1.5 0.9
Greenville-Spartansburg-Anderson, CA 1.8 -6.1
Houston, TX 1.1 0.3
Jacksonville, FL 1.8 -1.8
Louisville, KY-IL 1.7 -5.8
Memphis, TN-AR-MS 2.0 -4.8
Miami, FL 1.4 -7.9
Nashville, TN 2.0 -5.2
New Orleans, LA 1.7 -3.7
Norfolk-Va. Beach-Newport News, VA 1.9 -8.9
Oklahoma City, OK 1.5 3.1
Orlando, FL 1.6 -1.3
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 1.5 -0.6
Richmond, VA 2.3 -10.8
San Antonio, TX 1.8 -12.5
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1.1 -2.6
Tulsa, OK 1.8 -0.2
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 0.7 -7.2
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 1.6 6.1
West 0.1 -3.4
Denver, CO 1.3 -1.8
Fresno, CA 2.6 -11.8
Honolulu, HI 1.3 -6.3
Las Vegas, NV 1.2 -7.0
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 0.6 -2.0
Oakland, CA 1.6 -1.5
Orange County, CA 1.5 -7.0
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 1.1 -3.0
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA 1.4 -5.0
San Bernandino-Riverside, CA 1.9 -8.1
Sacramento, CA 1.1 1.5
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 1.4 -0.6
San Diego, CA 1.5 -6.2
San Francisco, CA 1.8 5.2
San Jose, CA 1.9 -1.6
Seattle, WA 1.5 -5.0
Tucson, AZ 2.0 -9.5
Ventura, CA 2.9 -4.9
Number of Jobs in 1,000's
in December of Each Year
1995 2000 2001
Total U.S. 118118.0 132367.0 11321.0
Northeast 23923.0 25299.0 24979.0
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 432.3 468.3 467.4
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 627.8 684.1 674.9
Boston, MA 1862.9 2098.9 2045.7
Buffalo, NY 547.5 564.8 560.9
Hartford, CT 595.1 624.0 616.2
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 581.9 680.7 686.4
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 348.5 397.0 401.8
Nassau-Suffolk, NJ 1112.7 1253.9 1253.7
New York, NY 3908.0 4389.2 4256.0
Newark, NJ 939.4 1040.2 1028.2
Philadelphia, PA-NJ 2232.4 2444.1 2432.6
Pittsburgh, PA 1061.4 1141.1 1130.8
Providence-Pawtucket, RI 504.9 547.3 540.0
Rochester, NY 532.5 559.5 552.4
Scranton-Wilkes Barre-Hazelton, PA 273.1 289.0 286.7
Syracuse, NY 336.2 356.2 351.9
Midwest na na na
Akron, OH 320.1 342.3 341.3
Chicago, IL 3983.8 4299.1 4201.1
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 821.6 898.5 886.0
Cleveland, OH 1125.4 1180.8 1158.4
Columbus, OH 803.3 907.9 892.0
Dayton-Springfield, OH 474.7 491.5 481.3
Detroit, MI 2068.2 2241.3 2198.6
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI 531.5 609.4 606.5
Indianapolis, IN 814.9 897.3 886.5
Kansas City, MO-KS 879.1 991.0 995.9
Milwaukee, WI 817.7 874.9 863.6
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 1587.8 1779.3 1751.2
Omaha, NE 383.1 429.9 423.5
St. Louis, MO-IL 1265.9 1339.6 1324.9
South 43568.0 47219.0 46915.0
Atlanta, GA 1878.0 2226.2 2168.3
Austin-San Marcos,TX 534.1 690.3 675.5
Baltimore, MD 1146.8 1289.1 1276.3
Birmingham, AL 452.2 509.4 504.4
Charlotte-Gastonio-Rock Hill, NC-SC 727.6 852.8 839.0
Dallas, TX 1640.0 2026.1 1994.6
Fort Lauderdale, FL 605.9 709.7 707.4
Fort-Worth-Arlington, TX 670.6 806.4 801.4
Greensboro-Wins. Salem-High Point, NC 619.7 676.3 655.4
Greenville-Spartansburg-Anderson, CA 448.7 492.4 489.4
Houston, TX 1808.6 2127.5 2131.5
Jacksonville, FL 497.2 571.1 574.8
Louisville, KY-IL 535.6 594.4 583.8
Memphis, TN-AR-MS 547.7 600.5 599.1
Miami, FL 948.1 1044.5 1044.6
Nashville, TN 612.8 688.5 692.3
New Orleans, LA 605.5 631.9 629.8
Norfolk-Va. Beach-Newport News, VA 640.5 711.1 707.3
Oklahoma City, OK 491.5 550.2 547.4
Orlando, FL 739.3 930.3 909.1
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 575.9 686.3 698.8
Richmond, VA 510.1 569.1 564.4
San Antonio, TX 633.8 728.4 731.7
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1023.5 1239.4 1235.4
Tulsa, OK 356.5 410.6 410.6
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 2441.3 2843.8 2822.9
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 416.3 519.0 520.3
West 27058.0 30560.0 30398.0
Denver, CO 1006.7 1207.1 1164.8
Fresno, CA 270.2 302.6 308.0
Honolulu, HI 412.8 424.5 411.0
Las Vegas, NV 565.8 772.3 780.9
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 3809.8 4146.7 4115.4
Oakland, CA 916.9 1073.1 1060.8
Orange County, CA 1179.7 1419.3 1434.1
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 1288.4 1632.0 1605.4
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA 870.4 983.9 960.2
San Bernandino-Riverside, CA 804.4 1018.0 1059.1
Sacramento, CA 600.1 730.3 739.1
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 632.9 734.1 722.7
San Diego, CA 1002.3 1225.0 1239.4
San Francisco, CA 941.2 1110.9 1060.1
San Jose, CA 831.9 1065.8 984.6
Seattle, WA 1207.2 1445.3 1378.9
Tucson, AZ 310.6 358.5 354.1
Ventura, CA 240.1 283.1 282.4
Total
Change Average
in jobs Annual Ch.
1995-2001 Jobs %
Total U.S. 13203.0 22100.5 1.6%
Northeast 1056.0 176.0 0.7%
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 35.1 5.8 1.3%
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 47.1 7.9 1.2%
Boston, MA 182.8 30.5 1.6%
Buffalo, NY 13.4 2.2 0.4%
Hartford, CT 21.1 3.5 0.6%
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 104.5 17.4 2.8%
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 53.3 8.9 2.4%
Nassau-Suffolk, NJ 141.0 23.5 2.0%
New York, NY 348.0 58.0 1.4%
Newark, NJ 88.8 14.8 1.5%
Philadelphia, PA-NJ 200.2 33.4 1.4%
Pittsburgh, PA 69.4 11.6 1.1%
Providence-Pawtucket, RI 35.1 5.9 1.1%
Rochester, NY 19.9 3.3 0.6%
Scranton-Wilkes Barre-Hazelton, PA 13.6 2.3 0.8%
Syracuse, NY 15.7 2.6 0.8%
Midwest na na na
Akron, OH 21.2 3.5 1.1%
Chicago, IL 217.3 36.2 0.9%
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 64.4 10.7 1.3%
Cleveland, OH 33.0 5.5 0.5%
Columbus, OH 88.7 14.8 1.8%
Dayton-Springfield, OH 6.6 1.1 0.2%
Detroit, MI 130.4 21.7 1.0%
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI 75.0 12.5 2.2%
Indianapolis, IN 71.6 11.9 1.4%
Kansas City, MO-KS 116.8 19.5 2.1%
Milwaukee, WI 45.9 7.7 0.9%
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 163.4 27.2 1.6%
Omaha, NE 40.4 6.7 1.7%
St. Louis, MO-IL 59.0 9.8 0.8%
South 3347.0 557.8 1.2%
Atlanta, GA 290.3 48.4 2.4%
Austin-San Marcos,TX 141.4 23.6 4.0%
Baltimore, MD 129.5 21.5 1.8%
Birmingham, AL 52.2 8.7 1.8%
Charlotte-Gastonio-Rock Hill, NC-SC 111.4 18.6 2.4%
Dallas, TX 354.6 59.1 3.3%
Fort Lauderdale, FL 101.5 16.9 2.6%
Fort-Worth-Arlington, TX 130.8 21.8 3.0%
Greensboro-Wins. Salem-High Point, NC 35.7 5.9 0.9%
Greenville-Spartansburg-Anderson, CA 40.7 6.8 1.5%
Houston, TX 322.9 53.8 2.8%
Jacksonville, FL 77.6 12.9 2.4%
Louisville, KY-IL 48.2 8.0 1.4%
Memphis, TN-AR-MS 51.4 8.6 1.5%
Miami, FL 96.5 16.1 1.6%
Nashville, TN 79.5 13.3 2.1%
New Orleans, LA 24.3 4.0 0.7%
Norfolk-Va. Beach-Newport News, VA 66.8 11.1 1.7%
Oklahoma City, OK 55.9 9.3 1.8%
Orlando, FL 169.8 28.3 3.5%
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 122.9 20.5 3.3%
Richmond, VA 54.3 9.0 1.7%
San Antonio, TX 97.9 16.3 2.4%
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 211.9 35.3 3.2%
Tulsa, OK 54.1 9.0 2.4%
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV 381.6 63.6 2.5%
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 104.0 17.3 3.8%
West 3340.0 556.1 2.0%
Denver, CO 158.1 26.4 2.5%
Fresno, CA 37.8 6.3 2.2%
Honolulu, HI -1.8 -0.3 -0.1%
Las Vegas, NV 215.1 35.9 5.5%
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 305.6 50.9 1.3%
Oakland, CA 143.9 24.0 2.5%
Orange County, CA 254.4 42.4 3.3%
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 317.0 52.8 3.7%
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA 89.8 15.0 1.6%
San Bernandino-Riverside, CA 254.7 42.5 4.7%
Sacramento, CA 139.0 23.2 3.5%
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 89.8 15.0 2.2%
San Diego, CA 237.1 39.5 3.6%
San Francisco, CA 118.9 19.8 2.0%
San Jose, CA 152.7 25.5 2.8%
Seattle, WA 171.7 28.6 2.2%
Tucson, AZ 43.5 7.3 2.2%
Ventura, CA 42.3 7.1 2.7%
Robert Robert, Henry Martyn 1837-1923. American army engineer and parliamentary authority. He designed the defenses for Washington, D.C., during the Civil War and later wrote Robert's Rules of Order (1876). Noun 1. J. Sheehan People whose surname is or was Sheehan include:
An economist is an expert in the social science of economics.[1] . He can be reached at 703/893-9185 or via e-mail at gdad@erols.com |
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