Holding Congress accountable: 102 members of the current Congress were in office 20 years ago, and 63 voted for the disastrous IRCA amnesty of 1986. Many are still pushing more amnesty schemes.Twenty years TWENTY YEARS. The lapse of twenty years raises a presumption of certain facts, and after such a time, the party against whom the presumption has been raised, will be required to prove a negative to establish his rights. 2. ago, after years of heated wrangling over immigration immigration, entrance of a person (an alien) into a new country for the purpose of establishing permanent residence. Motives for immigration, like those for migration generally, are often economic, although religious or political factors may be very important. , Congress passed--and President Reagan signed--the Immigration Reform Immigration reform is the common term used in political discussions regarding changes to immigration policy. In a certain sense, reform can be general enough to include promoted, expanded, or open immigration, but in reality discussions of reform often deal with the aspect of and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA IRCA Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 IRCA International Register of Certified Auditors IRCA International Radio Club of America IRCA Integrated Readiness Capability Assessment ). The most intensely debated feature of that new legislation was an amnesty amnesty (ăm`nəstē), in law, exemption from prosecution for criminal action. It signifies forgiveness and the forgetting of past actions. for illegal aliens who met various qualifications. At the time, the amnesty advocates in Congress, the media, and the militant migrant mi·grant n. 1. One that moves from one region to another by chance, instinct, or plan. 2. An itinerant worker who travels from one area to another in search of work. adj. Migratory. lobby placed the number of aliens who would qualify for the amnesty at around 1 million. They were wrong! One million is a huge number of individuals to screen and process. But the actual number of illegals who applied was more than three times that number: 3.1 million. And most of them--2.7 million--were rushed through and given a free pass on the road to citizenship. That, however, is not the end of the story. The amnesty proponents had insisted that it would be impossible to enforce our borders and try to deport de·port tr.v. de·port·ed, de·port·ing, de·ports 1. To expel from a country. See Synonyms at banish. 2. To behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner; comport. the many who had come here illegally. The only workable solution, they argued, would be to allow the aliens who were already here to stay here, and then commit sufficient resources to enforce our borders so that we wouldn't would·n't Contraction of would not. wouldn't would not wouldn't would have more waves of illegal immigrants illegal immigrant n. an alien (non-citizen) who has entered the United States without government permission or stayed beyond the termination date of a visa. (See: alien) overwhelming our borders. With these promises to finally enforce our borders, enough members of Congress were convinced to hold their noses and vote for the bill, despite the amnesty provision. Betrayal Betrayal See also Treachery. Judas Iscariot apostle who betrays Jesus. [N.T.: Matthew 26:15] Proteus though engaged, steals his friend Valentine’s beloved, reveals his plot and effects his banishment. [Br. After Betrayal However, after swamping the country with 2.7 million amnestied aliens, Congress reneged on its promise to enforce our borders. After 20 years, our borders are in more desperate shape than ever. Our Border Patrol is still hopelessly hope·less adj. 1. Having no hope; despairing. See Synonyms at despondent. 2. Offering no hope; bleak. 3. Incurable. 4. Having no possibility of solution; impossible. undermanned and underfunded un·der·fund tr.v. un·der·fund·ed, un·der·fund·ing, un·der·funds To provide insufficient funding for. underfunded adj → infradotado (económicamente) . But to make matters even worse, the same amnesty proponents have come back repeatedly since 1986 and enacted additional amnesties--all the while refusing to enforce our borders, as they repeatedly have promised to do. Numbers USA (a liberal organization with which we would disagree on many environmental and social policies) has counted six amnesties that have been enacted since the 1986 IRCA. Now, the amnesty proponents are back again, demanding an even larger amnesty for untold millions and, in addition, a "guest worker" program that will translate into an ongoing, continuous amnesty for millions more. The American people An American people may be:
2. message to Congress: "No more amnesty! Protect our borders!" Overdue OVERDUE. A bill, note, bond or other contract, for the payment of money at a particular day, when not paid upon the day, is overdue. 2. The indorsement of a note or bill overdue, is equivalent to drawing a new bill payable at sight. 2 Conn. 419; 18 Pick. Accounting It's time It's Time was a successful political campaign run by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) under Gough Whitlam at the 1972 election in Australia. Campaigning on the perceived need for change after 23 years of conservative (Liberal Party of Australia) government, Labor put forward a to hold members of Congress accountable. One hundred and two members of the current House and Senate were serving in Congress in 1986 and voted on the IRCA bill. Their votes are shown. It is very rare that a vote cast so many years ago can be used to impact politicians today. But this is an issue that is galvanizing galvanizing, process of coating a metal, usually iron or steel, with a protective covering of zinc. Galvanized iron is prepared either by dipping iron, from which rust has been removed by the action of sulfuric acid, into molten zinc so that a thin layer of the zinc American voters as few others have. Our vote table also includes the House vote on H.R. 4437, the Border Protection, Antiterrorism an·ti·ter·ror·ist adj. Intended to prevent or counteract terrorism; counterterror: antiterrorist measures. an and Illegal Immigration "Illegal alien" and "Illegal aliens" redirect here. For other uses, see Illegal aliens (disambiguation). Illegal immigration refers to immigration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. Control Act of 2005. That proposed legislation does not contain any amnesty or "guest worker" provisions, but does provide many needed enforcement provisions that the amnesty lobby is trying to stop, once again. Votes in favor of upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage of. See also: favor H.R. 4437 are votes in favor of real immigration reform and genuine border security.
Table Key:
Y--Voted in favor of legislation
N--Voted against legislation
?--No recorded vote
*--Member of the House in 1986
Red district number--Member
served in differenct state district in 1986
State Senator
Alabama Shelby * (R) N
Alaska Stevens (R) Y
Arizona McCain * (R) N
California Boxer * (D) N
Connecticut Dodd (D) Y
Delaware Biden (D) Y
Carper * (D) Y
Florida Nelson, Bill * (D) Y
Hawaii Aaaka * (D) N
Inouye (D) N
Idaho Craig * (R) N
Illinois Durbin * (D) Y
Indiana Lugar (R) Y
Iowa Grassley (R) Y
Harkin (D) Y
Kansas Roberts * (R) N
Kentucky McConnell (R) Y
Maine Snowe * (R) Y
Maryland Mikulski * (D) Y
Sarbanes (D) Y
Massachusetts Kennedy, E. (D) N
Kerry (D) Y
Michigan Levin, C. (D) Y
Cochran (R) N
Mississippi Lott * (R) Y
Montana Baucus, M. (D) Y
Nevada Reid, H. * (D) N
New Jersey Lautenberg (D) Y
New Mexico Bingaman (D) Y
Domenici (R) N
New York Schumer * (D) Y
North Dakota Dorgan * (D) Y
Ohio DeWine * (R) Y
Oregon Wyden * (D) Y
Pennsylvania Specter (R) Y
Utah Hatch (R) N
Vermont Jeffords * (I) Y
Leahy (D) ?
Virginia Warner (R) Y
West Virginia Byrd (D) Y
Rockefeller (D) Y
House Vote Scores for H.R. 4437 and IRCA
State and Representative H.R. 1986
District 4437 IRCA
Alaska Young, D. (R) ?
Arizona 8 Kolbe (R) ? N N
California 3 Lungren (R) Y Y Y
7 Miller, George (D) N Y Y
12 Lantos (D) N Y Y
13 Stark (D) N Y Y
22 Thomas, B. (R) N Y Y
26 Dreier (R) Y N N
28 Berman (D) N Y Y
30 Waxman (D) N Y Y
41 Lewis, Jerry (R) Y Y Y
52 Hunter (R) Y N N
9 Bilirakis (R) Y N N
10 Young, C.W. (R) ? N N
Florida 14 Mack (R) Y N N
22 Shaw (R) Y Y Y
Hawaii 1 Abercrombie (D) N Y Y
6 Hyde (R) ? N N
Illinois 17 Evans (D) N N N
1 Visclosky (D) Y N N
Indiana 5 Burton, (R) Y N N
Iowa 2 Leach (R) N Y Y
Maryland 5 Hoyer (D) N Y Y
4 Frank, B. (D) N Y Y
Massachusetts 7 Markey (D) N Y Y
5 Kildee (D) N Y Y
12 Levin, S. (D) N Y Y
Michigan 14 Conyers (D) N ? ?
Dingell (D) N Y Y
Missouri 4 Skelton (D) Y N N
3 Saxton (R) Y N N
New Jersey 4 Smith, C. (R) N Y Y
5 Ackerman (D) N Y Y
10 Towns (D) N N N
New York 11 Owens (D) N Y Y
24 Boehlert (R) Y Y Y
3 Jones, W. (R) Y N N
North Carolina 6 Coble (R) Y N N
4 Oxley (R) Y Y Y
Ohio 9 Kaptur (D) N N N
16 Regula (R) Y N N
Pennsylvania 11 Kanjorski (D) Y Y Y
South Carolina 5 Spratt (D) N Y Y
2 Duncan (R) Y N N
5 Cooper(D) N Y Y
Tennessee 6 Gordon (D) Y N N
9 Ford (D) N Y Y
4 Hall, R. (R) Y N N
6 Barton (R) ? N N
Texas 22 DeLay (R) Y N N
27 Ortiz (D) N Y Y
9 Boucher(D) Y Y Y
Virginia 10 Wolf (R) Y Y Y
Washington 6 Dicks (D) N Y Y
1 Mollohan (D) N Y Y
West Virginia 3 Rahall (D) N Y Y
5 Sensenbrenner (R) Y N N
Wisconsin 6 Petri (R) Y N N
7 Obey (D) N Y Y
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