Healthy GDP keeps investment flowing to China: new government policies and burgeoning demand are creating a good investment climate in China.In the past, the global paper industry has been conservative about investing in China. It is a daunting daunt tr.v. daunt·ed, daunt·ing, daunts To abate the courage of; discourage. See Synonyms at dismay. [Middle English daunten, from Old French danter, from Latin prospect: China is a large country with almost 1.3 billion inhabitants
The game is based loosely on the concepts from SameGame. , 200 languages, and a nationalist approach to its actions and polices--including interactions between individuals or businesspeople. Yet China's willingness to open up in recent decades, and its promises to reduce import duties and barriers when China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO See World Trade Organization. ), have attracted investment from European companies It may never be fully completed or, depending on its its nature, it may be that it can never be completed. However, new and revised entries in the list are always welcome. This is a list of companies from the countries in the European Union. . The behavior of Chinese nationals studying in foreign countries is another indicator of the country's domestic development. In the past, they remained abroad whenever possibilities existed; now, more foreign-educated Chinese consider moving back to the mainland to work and live. A BOOMING MARKET China's paper and board market is huge and will continue to grow rapidly. This growth is obvious when looking at Fig. 1. Today, China consumes more than 38 million metric tons/year of paper and board and produces 32 million metric tons/year. Imports of paper and board were 5.6 million metric tons in 2001, while chemical pulp imports reached 4 million tons. Chinese economic growth has been enormous shine 1982. in recent years, Chinese authorities have had difficulties tracking records, and reliable figures are not currently available--all figures are estimates. China's paper and board market has grown rapidly, in contrast to North America's. The 30 kg annual per capita [Latin, By the heads or polls.] A term used in the Descent and Distribution of the estate of one who dies without a will. It means to share and share alike according to the number of individuals. consumption in China today is less than 10% of the American demand, which provides some perspective on future opportunities. SOCIALIST "MARKET ECONOMY" As in other countries, growth in Chinese paper See See also: Chinese and board demand is closely linked to growth in the gross domestic product (GDP GDP (guanosine diphosphate): see guanine. ). China supports this growth by policies designed for a "socialist" market economy, which means there are certain controls on the "free market." The Chinese government Ever since Republic of China founded in January 1st, 1912, China has had several regional and national governments. List
privatization Transfer of government services or assets to the private sector. State-owned assets may be sold to private owners, or statutory restrictions on competition between privately and publicly owned of companies, but gradually and under certain conditions. Private business has shown potential for aggressive growth. More state-owned companies have been sold to the public, although a majority control in many cases remains in government hands. Private enterprise still has less than a 1/3 share of total production, but that is growing. The Communist Party Communist party, in China Communist party, in China, ruling party of the world's most populous nation since 1949 and most important Communist party in the world since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. needs a high growth economy. This can be accelerated with the help of motivated mo·ti·vate tr.v. mo·ti·vat·ed, mo·ti·vat·ing, mo·ti·vates To provide with an incentive; move to action; impel. mo businessmen. The Party is, therefore, not an enemy of business; it is striving toward the same targets--growth, profitability, and prosperity. In this respect, profitability is--as it is in other parts of the world--a measure of healthy operations. ADVERTISING: THE DRIVING FORCE Modern advertising is penetrating penetrating breaching the tissues of the body. Chinese society. Television is widely used as an advertising channel, but small, local businesses are increasingly using printed media. The printing industry is well prepared; printing machines are modern and require good quality coated paper Coated paper is paper which has been coated by an inorganic compound to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight and surface gloss, smoothness or ink absorbency. Kaolinite is the compound most often used for coating papers used in commercial printing. for the best publications. Newsprint newsprint low grade paper used for newspapers. Old newspapers are fed to cattle as an alternative roughage and may occasionally be ingested by dogs. Significant amounts of lead are accumulated in tissues; no cases of poisoning have been recorded in cattle, though it has been media are also developing rapidly--multi-color newspapers are already common in large Chinese cities. Chinese demand for paper and board grew 1.6-1.8 million tons in 2001 from the numbers in Fig. 2, primarily through domestic production increases. Newsprint production climbed to 160,000 metric tons last year. Official statistics will be available in April 2002. Considering the prospects, the fastest growth will take place in high quality paper and board, including coated grades, and in newsprint; these media are under-utilized in China. The share of nonwood fiber in total pulp production decreased during the latter part of the 1990s. Problems with nonwood fiber include pollution, small scale and inferior INFERIOR. One who in relation to another has less power and is below him; one who is bound to obey another. He who makes the law is the superior; he who is bound to obey it, the inferior. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 8. paper quality. Yet production costs of nonwood papers are typically lower than Western papers, partly due to the "free rider Free rider A follower who avoids the cost and expense of finding the best course of action simply by mimicking the behavior of a leader who made these investments. " approach--they require no waste treatment. Paper quality also suffers due to low technology production methods. The growth of China's large-scale industry, then, depends on imported wood fiber or imported/domestic recycled paper. THOUSANDS OF SMALL MILLS The chinese paper and board industry has traditionally been a "light industry" sector, typically running mills with capacities of 5000-10,000 metric tons/year. Such mills may have two to four paper machines, each producing five to 10 metrics metrics Managed care A popular term for standards by which the quality of a product, service, or outcome of a particular form of Pt management is evaluated. See TQM. tons/day. This situation is changing. The government has banned high-polluting mills in urban areas. Since the mid 1990s, about 2000 tiny, polluting pol·lute tr.v. pol·lut·ed, pol·lut·ing, pol·lutes 1. To make unfit for or harmful to living things, especially by the addition of waste matter. See Synonyms at contaminate. 2. mills have been closed. Still, about 5000 mills remain in China. The focus is on large mills that aim for production rates of more than 100,000 metric tons/year. Traditional non-wood pulp and paper mills have faced tightening regulations. They must build chemical recovery plants if they want to continue production. Today, China's pulp and paper industry The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American (United States, Canada), northern European (Finland, Sweden) and East Asian countries (such as Japan). Australasia and Latin America also have significant pulp and paper industries. comprises several distinct sectors: * Small non-wood and recycled fiber based mills using local machinery with capacities of 8-30 metric tons/day. China has about 4000 such mills. * Medium sized domestic mills (of which there are about 130) using a mix of wood fibers and/or recycled content product (RCP (networking, tool) rcp - (Remote copy) The Unix utility for copying files over Ethernet. Rcp is similar to FTP but uses the hosts.equiv user authentication method. Unix manual page: rcp(1). ) or non-wood fibers. The largest machines have capacities of 20-100 metric tons/day. These mills have a capacity range of 30,000-60,000 metric tons/year. * Large domestic mills (of which there are about 50) that have been selected as "spearhead" mills, using primarily wood and RCP fibers, with capacities of 60,000-300,000 metric tons/year: Such mills exist in coated board, fine papers and especially in newsprint. These mills include Jiamusi Paper, Shandong Huatai, Shandong Chenming, Guangzhou Paper, Heilongjiang Black Dragon dragon, mythical beast usually represented as a huge, winged, fire-breathing reptile. For centuries the dragon has been prominent in the folklore of many peoples; thus, its physical characteristics vary greatly and include combinations of numerous animals. Qiqihar mill, Nanping Paper, Shixian Bailu Paper, Jilin Paper, Yueyang Paper, Yibin Paper; Rizhao Pulp and Paper, Mingfeng Special Paper, and Shandong Sun Paper. * Foreign invested pulp and paper mills with world class machinery, such as StoraEnso Suzhou, APP See application. app - application program Ningbo, UPM-Kymmene Changshu, APP Dagang, Nine Dragons A list of dragons may refer to one of the following:
The small mills typically produce paper distant from large cities. They use wheat straw straw, dried stalks of threshed grains, especially wheat, barley, oats, and rye. It has been used from antiquity for bedding, covering floors, and thatching roofs, as fodder and litter for animals, and in weaving such articles as mats, screens, baskets, ornaments and (the most important of the nonwood fibers), reed, bagasse bagasse Fibre remaining after the extraction of the sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane. The term was once applied more generally to various waste residues from processing plant materials. , bamboo bamboo, plant of the family Gramineae (grass family), chiefly of warm or tropical regions, where it is sometimes an extremely important component of the vegetation. It is most abundant in the monsoon area of E Asia. or mixed nonwood to produce chemical pulp using a soda process. The Sichuan Zhuhai pulp and paper mill is one example. SICHUAN ZHUHAI PAPER RUNS 100% BAMBOO Zhuhai Paper produces 30,000 metric tons/year of paper and board in Sichuan bamboo territory. Yibin Machinery Works, a small local paper machinery engineering company with dozens of installations in China, has supplied all five of Zhuhai Paper's paper machines. The newest machine was built three years ago. Four small machines each produce 5-10 metric tons/day. They are 1.7-m wide, open headbox-machines with two drying cylinders running at 100 m/min. The fifth machine is 2-m wide, runs at 300 m/min., and has a closed headbox, fourdrinier, three-nip press and multicylinder drying. This large machine is flexible: it runs different grades, from fine papers to wrapping papers Noun 1. wrapping paper - a tough paper used for wrapping kraft, kraft paper - strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution butcher paper - a strong wrapping paper that resists penetration by blood or meat fluids and boxboards. When the price of pulp increases to more than 4,000 Yuan Yuan (yüän), river, 540 mi (869 km) long, rising in S Guizhou prov. and flowing generally NE to Donting lake, Hunan prov., SE China. Navigation above Changde is limited by rapids to small craft. per metric ton (US$ 1 = 828 Y), the mill dries pulp with the "large" board machine. The company plans to install a 60,000-70,000 metric tons/year bamboo market pulp line during the next five years. There are several bamboo pulp users in the area, including Zhanjiang Packing and Yibin Newsprint. MANY POLLUTING MILLS CLOSED Many polluting mills have been closed in the heavily populated pop·u·late tr.v. pop·u·lat·ed, pop·u·lat·ing, pop·u·lates 1. To supply with inhabitants, as by colonization; people. 2. Eastern provinces--especially those that have large rivers. The author visited such a mill in Changshan County, in Southern Shandong. Liaoning and Shandang have been serious about curtailing pollution. Officials there force mills to stop production if they do not install chemical recovery equipment. Zhao Zhide, manager of the Changshan mill, led the tour of the operation, along with the county director. Pulp mill A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber source into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. capacity is 28,000 metric tons/year; paper mill capacity was 50,000 metric: tons/year. There are seven paper machines. Six are 1.76-m wide, with total capacity of 25,000 metric tons/year (4000-5000 metric tens/year each). One is a recently built fine paper machine from Shanghai Shanghai (shăng`hī`, shäng`hī`), city (1994 est. pop. 12,980,000), in, but independent of, Jiangsu prov., E China, on the Huangpu (Whangpoo) River where it flows into the Chang (Yangtze) estuary. Machinery with a capacity of 70 metric tons/day, or 25,000 metric tons/year (width is 2.64-m and speed 350 m/min.). This latest machine was built in 1999, but never really started up; some trial runs were produced before the machine was shut down. The mill was shut down in 1999 because it lacked chemical recovery. Stakeholders Stakeholders All parties that have an interest, financial or otherwise, in a firm-stockholders, creditors, bondholders, employees, customers, management, the community, and the government. in the mill tried hard to get the mill's 1200 employees back to work. Finally, they landed a Japanese government grant to finance the chemical recovery plant. The plant was ordered from Wuhan Light Industry Machinery, which delivered it with Tianjin Machinery. Price of the plant was Y62 million. The Japanese grant covered 50% of the needed funds; the rest was financed through a state soft loan. Capacity of the chemical recovery plant is sufficient for the production of 25,000 metric tons/year of straw pulp. At the time of this author's visit, the expansion was not ready and the mill was not operating. Financing was not sufficient, and new money was being sought to complete the project. LARGE UNITS COMING In addition to the long-established, large-scale operations such as Guangzhou Paper, Jilin Paper, Jiamusi Paper, and others, medium scale producers that have recently invested in new operations include Nanping Paper, Black Dragon Qiqihar Mill, and Rizhao Pulp and Paper. Nanping Paper; located in Fujian Province, started up a new 180-200,000 metric tons/year machine in July 1998. Project costs were 720 million RMB RMB Right Mouse Button RMB Regional Management Board (USACE) RMB Rolf Maier Bode (musician, band) RMB Ren Min Bi (currency of People's Republic of China) (US$ 87 million). A newsprint mill with four small machines (each 3.2 meters wide producing 30,000-40,000 metric tons/year), Nanping bought a modern 1800 m/min., 6.1-meter wide machine from Metso Paper to make the mill profitable again. The new machine's furnish fur·nish tr.v. fur·nished, fur·nish·ing, fur·nish·es 1. To equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for. 2. is half TMP TMP (thymidine monophosphate): see thymine. , and the grade produced is the Chinese standard 48.8 g/[m.sup.2] newsprint. The investment was very successful. Quality competitiveness was such that the mill filled its order books for one year shortly after start up. In China, the newsprint industry is in the government's hands, with the exception of Shanghai Papco Potential Paper and, in part, Black Dragon, which is a publicly listed company listed company n → compañía cotizable listed company n → société cotée en Bourse listed company list n → . Hansol Potential installed a new 5.2-m wide newsprint machine in 1998 with a capacity of 120,000 metric tons/year At that time, Guangzhou Paper Mill was in the process of installing an 8.6-m wide, 130,000 metric tons/year second hand machine transferred from Ortviken, Sweden, which had a gap former as well. Nanping's success has prompted other newsprint suppliers to move fast. Domestic production of newsprint has also increased rapidly, from 500,000 metric tons in 1990 and 800,000 metric tons in 1905 to 1.6 million metric tons in 2001. Still, China imported 210,000 metric tons of newsprint in 2000. Recent investments in newsprint have been carried out by Huatai, Guangzhou and Yibin (second hand machines, 100,000 to 160,000 metric tons/year each); Qiqihar, Shixian, and another Huatai machine (new 180,000 metric tons/year machines). New machine investments are being planned by Jiangxi, Papco, Yibin, and Guangzhou (new machines). Machines with LWC LWC Lindsey Wilson College (Kentucky) LWC Liquid Water Content LWC Lightweight Coated paper LWC Language of Wider Communication LWC Lincoln-Way Central LWC Lost Workday Case LWC Leave Word Calling LWC Light Weight Concrete capabilities are being built by Yueyang and Huatai, with an SC-option machine being built at Shixian. Qiqihar, and Nanping are both planning another similar new machine as recently built. DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON THE EAST COAST On China's east coast, access to raw materials is easier due to sea transportation. The government supports expansion of wood pulp wood pulp: see paper. production throughout China with soft loans, which are available for foreign companies as well. The government requires large projects to have a plan showing how wood raw material needs will be met. Plantations PLANTATIONS. Colonies, (q.v.) dependencies. (q.v.) 1 Bl. Com. 107. In England, this word, as it is used in St. 12, II. c. 18, is never applied to, any of the British dominions in Europe, but only to the colonies in the West Indies and America. 1 Marsh. Ins, B. 1, c. 3, Sec. 2, page 64. of pine, larch larch, any tree of the genus Larix, conifers of the family Pinaceae (pine family), which are unusual in that they are not evergreen. The various species are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. , poplar Poplar, city, England Poplar, former metropolitan borough, SE England. See Tower Hamlets. poplar, in botany poplar: see willow. , acacia, and eucalyptus eucalyptus (y  'kəlĭp`təs): see myrtle. eucalyptus are crucial for the industry. The paper industry is developing additional plantations, although forestry, companies are the primary actors. China desperately lacks wood. This situation will probably be improved through the government plan to combine its forest and paper industries, matching other countries. Some projects, such as APP Dagang (1.1 million annual metric tons of coated fine paper at two giant, 10.5-m wide paper machines and oft-machine coaters), and the Changshu mill (370,000 metric tons/year of coated and uncoated fine paper, originally built by Indonesia's April and later taken over by UPM-Kymmene) have been integrated to the pulp produced in other countries by their owners. StoraEnso's Suzhou mill produces 150,000 metric tons/year of art papers ART PAPERS is a non-profit bimonthly magazine about contemporary art. Established in 1977 as the Atlanta Art Workers Coalition Ltd. Newletter, it is the only critical arts magazine published in the Southeastern United States (Atlanta, GA). on its one machine, and imports all its raw materials. SHORT- AND LONG-TERM Long-term Three or more years. In the context of accounting, more than 1 year. long-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss in the value of a security that has been held over a specific length of time. Compare short-term. Both the short-term and the long-term prospects for the Chinese paper and board market look promising. Even after the substantial investments made in the market during the 1990s, there are many new projects being planned and implemented. The rapidly modernizing Chinese economy should demand ever-increasing levels of paper and board production.
Fig. 2: Demand by grade (metric tons)
Consumption, Growth, % Production,
million tons per annum million tons
1990 2000 1990 1990 2000
Newsprint 0.52 1.65 11 0.51 1.45
Uncoated WC 0.05 0.10 7 0.00 0.10
Coated WC 0.01 0.09 28 0.00 0.05
Uncoated WF 2.90 7.48 9 3.11 7.46
Coated WF 0.27 1.93 20 0.16 0.92
Tissue 0.80 2.42 11 0.68 2.48
Wrap/Pack 1.96 4.41 8 1.80 3.70
Liner/Fluting 3.96 11.68 11 3.57 9.60
Cartonboard 2.05 4.42 8 1.88 3.45
Other 1.93 2.15 1 1.95 1.90
TOTAL 14.45 36.31 9.2 13.66 31.10
Fig. 3: Paper making raw materials in China (metric tons).
Pulp statistics Consumption, Production Share
1000 tons 1000 tons %
1990 2000 1990 2000 1990 2000
RCP, domestic 3750 12240
RCP, imported 425 3705 26 44
Mech. Pulp 420 700 420 700
Semi-chem./other pulp 100 500 100 500
Chem. wood pulp, domestic 996 2500 996 2500 14 23
Wood pulp, imported 342 3519
Nonwood pulp 8509 12900 8509 13000 62 42
TOTAL 14542 36064 10025 16700
RCP collection rate, % 26.0 33.7
Pulp import, % of
consumption 3.3 17.4
CHINESE PAPER AND BOARD INVESTMENT PROJECTS, START UPS 2002-2004
MILL LOCATION
Taishan Mill Shandong
Minfeng-Zanders Zhejiang
Guitang Liu Hua Guangxi
Hengan Holding Company Changde, Hu
Vinda Paper Xinhui, Gd
Maanshan Paper Mill Anhui
Pinghuo Jingxing Paper Mill Zhejiang
Qihe Board Mill, Chengming Shandong
Shanying Paper Maanshan
Zhumadian Baiyu Paper
Jindaxing Paper, PM1 Tianlin, Guangxi
Jindaxing Paper, PM2 Tianlin, Guangxi
Meili Paper Mill Ningxia
Linqing Paper Making Shandong
Dong Guang Nine Dragons Paper Dong Guang, Gd
Jilin Paper Co. Ltd. Jilin
Yanbian Shixian Bailu Paper Jilin
Chenming Paper Hanyang, Wuhan
Shenzhen Wangda Paper
Minfeng Special Paper Co. Ltd Jiaxing, Zh
Shandong Rizhao Yellow Sea Pulp Rizhao, Sd
Dongying Huatai Paper, Bing Zhou Mill Shandong
Lee&Man Paper Mill Guangdong
Zhaozhou Paper Mill Hebei
Baite Paper Shaaxi
Luohe Yinge Pulp & Paper Luohe
Wan Li Da
Yaxin Leshan Paper Mill Sichuan
Guitang Liu Hua Guangxi
Yueyang Paper Hunan
Black Dragon Paper, Qiqihaer Paper Heilongjiang
Jiangxi Paper Co. Nanchang, Ji
Bohui Paper Zibo, Shandong
Zhejiang Yongtai Paper Fuyang
Shandong Sun Paper, Yan Zhou Shandong
Gaotang Paper Shandong
Minfeng Special Paper Co. Ltd Jiaxing, Zh
Papco-Potential Paper Co. Ltd., or Hebei
Papco-Potential Paper Co. Ltd. Baoshan, Shandong
Yibin Paper Industry Yibin
Yalujiang Paper Dandong, Liaoning
Guangzhou Paper Guangdong
Nanping Paper Mill Fujian
MILL START CAPACITY GRADE
UP MTPY(000)
Taishan Mill 2002 100 LWC
Minfeng-Zanders 2002 23 Tracing paper
Guitang Liu Hua 2002 28 Tissue
Hengan Holding Company 2002 32 Tissue
Vinda Paper 2002 25 Tissue
Maanshan Paper Mill 2002 200 Liner, Fluting
Pinghuo Jingxing Paper Mill 2002 200 Linerboard
Qihe Board Mill, Chengming 2002 150 Linerboard
Shanying Paper 2002 150 Linerboard
Zhumadian Baiyu Paper 2002 40 Uncoated
woodfree
Jindaxing Paper, PM1 2002 60 Newsprint
Jindaxing Paper, PM2 2002 60 Newsprint
Meili Paper Mill 2002 40 Coated woodfree
Linqing Paper Making 2002 200 Corrugated
medium
Dong Guang Nine Dragons Paper 2002 400 Linerboard
Jilin Paper Co. Ltd. 2002 200 LWC
Yanbian Shixian Bailu Paper 2002 180 Newsprint, SC-B
Chenming Paper 2002 120 Uncoated
woodfree
Shenzhen Wangda Paper 2002 150 Linerboard
Minfeng Special Paper Co. Ltd 2002 100 Coated woodfree
Shandong Rizhao Yellow Sea Pulp 2002 150 LPB, Coated
board
Dongying Huatai Paper, Bing Zhou Mill 2002 150 Newsprint
Lee&Man Paper Mill 2002 330 Liner, Fluting
Zhaozhou Paper Mill 2002 150 Cartonboard
Baite Paper 2002 85 Coated board
Luohe Yinge Pulp & Paper 2002 100 Coated woodfree,
LWC
Wan Li Da 2002 150 Liner, Fluting
Yaxin Leshan Paper Mill 2003 100 Uncoated
woodfree
Guitang Liu Hua 2003 28 Tissue
Yueyang Paper 2003 120 Coated woodfree,
LWC
Black Dragon Paper, Qiqihaer Paper 2003-4 180 Newsprint
Jiangxi Paper Co. 2003 180 Newsprint
Bohui Paper 2003 100 Coated board
Zhejiang Yongtai Paper 2003 150 Cartonboard
Shandong Sun Paper, Yan Zhou 2003 150 Coated board
Gaotang Paper 2003-4 200 Coated woodfree
Minfeng Special Paper Co. Ltd 2003-4 65 CWF, Photo paper
Papco-Potential Paper Co. Ltd., or 2003-4 200 Newsprint
Papco-Potential Paper Co. Ltd. 2003-4 200 Newsprint
Yibin Paper Industry 2003 160 Newsprint
Yalujiang Paper 2003 120 Newsprint
Guangzhou Paper 2004-5 280 Newsprint
Nanping Paper Mill 2004 200 Newsprint
About the author: Hannu Oinonen is an economist, engineer and independent market and technology researcher based in Finland. He has carried our extensive research in Asia and is the co-author co·au·thor or co-au·thor n. A collaborating or joint author. tr.v. co·au·thored, co·au·thor·ing, co·au·thors To be a collaborating or joint author of: "He and a colleague . . . of several reports on the Asian paper industry. He can be reached at hannu.oinonen@clinet.fi |
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