Global shipments of metal castings to reach 90 million tons in 2008: China, Brazil, Mexico and Korea increase market share while other countries decrease.This article is Part One in a two-part Adj. 1. two-part - involving two parts or elements; "a bipartite document"; "a two-way treaty" bipartite, two-way many-sided, multilateral - having many parts or sides series examining global trends in the metalcasting industry. The first article, "Global Shipments of Metal Castings Metal casting A metal-forming process whereby molten metal is poured into a cavity or mold and, when cooled, solidifies and takes on the characteristic shape of the mold. to Reach 90 Million Tons in 2008," provides a global analysis of the forecast of worldwide metal casting shipments. Part Two in this series will provide a summary of casting imports into the US. ********** Shipments of metal castings worldwide are forecast to increase at an average annual rate of 2.4% from 2004 to 2008 and reach 90 million tons (Table 1). Aluminum castings have the highest rate of growth at 5%, and ductile iron Ductile iron, also called ductile cast iron or nodular cast iron, is a type of cast iron invented in 1943 by Keith Millis[1]. While most varieties of cast iron are brittle, ductile iron is much more ductile, as the name implies. is second at 3.8%. The low growth of gray iron, at 1.3%, is caused by the conversion of automotive applications to aluminum and pipe applications to ductile iron, as well as by the loss of ingot molds a box or mold in which ingots are cast. See also: Ingot and rolls with the increase of mini See minicomputer. mills throughout the world. The 11 countries and regions that produce more than 97% of the metal castings in the world are shown in Table 2. China, Brazil Brazil (brəzĭl`), Port. Brasil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, republic (2005 est. pop. 186,113,000), 3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km), E South America. , Mexico Mexico, city, Mexico Mexico or Mexico City, Span. Ciudad de México (Méjico), city (1990 pop. 8,236,960; 1991 met. area est. 20,899,000), central Mexico, capital and largest city of Mexico. and Korea Korea (kôrē`ə, kə–), Korean Hanguk or Choson, region and historic country (85,049 sq mi/220,277 sq km), E Asia. continue to gain in market share while other regions and countries decrease. China still occupies the number one market share position with an increase to 26.6 million tons in 2008, which is 29.5% of the worldwide tons of shipments. Western Europe Western Europe The countries of western Europe, especially those that are allied with the United States and Canada in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (established 1949 and usually known as NATO). remains in the second position, but its market share is forecast to decrease to 18.5%. The U.S. also is expected to drop in market share to 14.8% with 13.3 million tons. A separate analysis has been made of gray iron, ductile iron and aluminum casting shipments in the world. These forecasts are shown in Table 3. Western Europe Table 4 and Table 5 describe the growth and decline of gray iron casting production in Western Europe for all countries and market sectors. Gray iron consumption in motor vehicles is forecast to decline at a rate of 1.2% annually to 2 million tons in 2008, despite the 2% per year growth in motor vehicle production. Aluminum head production is now more than 90% while the gray iron share in blocks has dropped below 50% and is expected to drop to 30% by 2008. Diesel engine usage in passenger cars has reached 80% in France and near 50% in Germany Germany (jûr`mənē), Ger. Deutschland, officially Federal Republic of Germany, republic (2005 est. pop. 82,431,000), 137,699 sq mi (356,733 sq km). , thus forestalling forestalling: see engrossing. complete substitution Substitution Arsinoë put her own son in place of Orestes; her son was killed and Orestes was saved. [Gk. Myth.: Zimmerman, 32] Barabbas robber freed in Christ’s stead. [N.T.: Matthew 27:15–18; Swed. Lit. of aluminum for iron. Though Table 5 indicates growth in several market sectors, a 0.1% per year annual decline is forecast. A 3.5% per year growth in diesel engine castings is forecast based on continued growth in truck and car production. Construction and plant engineering applications also are expected to show growth to 2008. Table 6 shows gray iron shipments forecast by country. As shown in Table 7, ductile iron growth in Western Europe is forecast at 2.6% per year, led by a 1.7% rise in vehicular use and increases in construction, plant engineering and farm equipment applications. Table 8 shows ductile iron shipments forecast by country. Aluminum casting shipments, as shown in Table 9, are forecast to grow at an annual rate of 2.9% to 2.97 million tons in 2008. Aluminum die casting die casting Forming metal objects by injecting molten metal under pressure into dies or molds. An early and important use of the technique was in the Linotype machine (1884), but the mass-production automobile assembly line gave die casting its real impetus. shipments are expected to reach 1.6 million tons in 2006 and grow to 1.7 million tons in 2008. The dominant end use market is the motor vehicle sector at 70% of the total shipments. Based on increased usage of aluminum heads, blocks and other castings, the market share of the motor vehicle sector is expected to increase to 2 million tons. Germany German vehicle production declined to 5.14 million units in 2002, increased slightly in 2003 and rose 1.1% in 2004 to 5.57 million vehicles. The German economy has had minimal growth in the recent three-year period. A 1.8% increase in GDP GDP (guanosine diphosphate): see guanine. is forecast for 2006 with a 2.5% rise by 2008. Unemployment remains a major problem, but a slight drop to 8% in 2008 is expected. Though a strong euro continues to lessen less·en v. less·ened, less·en·ing, less·ens v.tr. 1. To make less; reduce. 2. Archaic To make little of; belittle. v.intr. To become less; decrease. exports, the domestic demand is expected to rise significantly in 2006, 2007 and 2008 after five poor years. Private and public consumption is expected to peak in 2008. The production of gray iron castings is expected to decrease from 2.4 million tons in 2004 to 2.2 million tons in 2008--a 2% drop per year--as engine block and cylinder cylinder, in mathematics, surface generated by a line moving parallel to a given fixed line and continually intersecting a given fixed curve called the directrix; each line of the family of lines forming the cylinder is called a ruling, or generator. head conversions to aluminum accelerate (Table 4). Ductile iron is forecast to grow from 1.4 million tons to 1.5 million tons in 2008, a 1.7% increase per year (Table 6). However, ductile iron consumption in vehicular parts is forecast to decline as applications are converted to light metals (Chem.) the metallic elements of the alkali and alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.; also, sometimes, the metals of the earths, as aluminium. See also: Metal . Aluminum casting shipments are forecast to rise from 716,000 tons in 2004 to 768,000 tons by 2008 (Table 8). United Kingdom The casting industry in the United Kingdom is beset be·set tr.v. be·set, be·set·ting, be·sets 1. To attack from all sides. 2. To trouble persistently; harass. See Synonyms at attack. 3. by severe problems with no easy solutions. Though unemployment has decreased in recent years, few casting facilities have modernized mod·ern·ize v. mo·dern·ized, mo·dern·iz·ing, mo·dern·iz·es v.tr. To make modern in appearance, style, or character; update. v.intr. To accept or adopt modern ways, ideas, or style. to improve their competitiveness. No barriers to imports and no domestic subsidies to improve exports exist. Because of declining demand, capacity has been reduced drastically dras·tic adj. 1. Severe or radical in nature; extreme: the drastic measure of amputating the entire leg; drastic social change brought about by the French Revolution. 2. in the last five years. The production of gray iron is expected to continue to decline as conversion to aluminum and ductile iron continues and exports stay low. Ductile iron is expected to increase from 375,000 tons in 2005 to 420,000 tons in 2008. Aluminum casting shipments are forecast to grow from 189,000 tons to 225,000 tons by 2008. The currency exchange rate continues to be strong against the euro, minimizing export potential. The GDP is forecast to rise 2.8% with a growth in domestic demand. Italy Italy (ĭt`əlē), Ital. Italia, officially Italian Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 58,103,000), 116,303 sq mi (301,225 sq km), S Europe. Italy's economy has slowed in the last five years. A modest improvement of 1.1% in the GDP is expected in 2006 with continued 2% growth by 2008, based on an increase in domestic demand. In the past 20 years the number of metalcasting facilities has dropped from 700 to 280. Ferrous ferrous (fĕr`əs), iron in the +2 valence state. Containing or having to do with iron. The difference between ferrous and ferric is the number of valence electrons they contain (ferrous contains two and ferric contains three), which firms continue to suffer from the high cost of scrap, which has raised the material cost by at least 200%. Italy continues to lead in the production of aluminum castings, and led by Fiat, Teksid is premier in the world. Led by automotive diecast Diecast can refer to:
 r`əp), 6th largest continent, c.4,000,000 sq mi (10,360,000 sq km) including adjacent islands (1992 est. pop. 512,000,000). . A resurgence re·sur·gence n. 1. A continuing after interruption; a renewal. 2. A restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a revival. in motor vehicle production is forecast for the next three years. Motor vehicle production, which declined to levels of 1.1 million units for the last three years, is expected to rise to 1.4 million by 2008. France The GDP at market prices has dropped for five consecutive years, and the unemployment level increased to 10% in France. The GDP is forecast to rise 2% in 2006 and 2.5% in 2008 with unemployment decreasing to 9.2%. Motor vehicle production by French manufacturers is forecast to rise from 3.35 million vehicles in 2004 to 3.98 million in 2008. Gray iron casting shipments are expected to decline to a low of 867,000 tons despite the high percentage of diesel engines in France. Ductile iron is forecast to grow from its 2004 low to 1.1 million tons in 2008. France leads the European Union European Union (EU), name given since the ratification (Nov., 1993) of the Treaty of European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, to the European Community countries in ductile iron production because of the dominance dominance In genetics, the greater influence by one of a pair of genes (alleles) that affect the same inherited trait. If an individual pea plant that has one allele for tallness and one for shortness is the same height as an individual that has two alleles for tallness, the in the pipe market by Pont-a-Mousson. Aluminum casting shipments from French facilities are forecast to increase yearly to 400,000 tons in 2008. Spain Spain, Span. España (āspä`nyä), officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy (2005 est. pop. 40,341,000), 194,884 sq mi (504,750 sq km), including the Balearic and Canary islands, SW Europe. The Spanish Spanish, river, c.150 mi (240 km) long, issuing from Spanish Lake, S Ont., Canada, NW of Sudbury, and flowing generally S through Biskotasi and Agnew lakes to Lake Huron opposite Manitoulin island. There are several hydroelectric stations on the river. economy began to weaken in 2001 and 2002. The GDP is expected to grow at a 3.2% rate in 2006 and increase 3.5% in 2008. Unemployment continues to be one of the highest in Europe, though a slight decline to 9.5% is forecast for 2008. The Spanish automotive industry The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. In 2006, more than 69 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide. continues to expand, with total vehicle production expected to increase from 3.1 million units in 2004 to 3.3 million in 2008. Because of the expected conversion to aluminum, gray and ductile iron casting shipments are expected to drop 0.1% and 0.5%, though ductile ductile /duc·tile/ (duk´til) susceptible of being drawn out without breaking. duc·tile adj. Easily molded or shaped. ductile susceptible of being drawn out without breaking. is forecast to begin a rise in 2008 to 630,000 tons. As exports increase, aluminum casting shipments are expected to rise to more than 200,000 tons in 2008. Portugal Portugal (pôr`chəgəl), officially Portuguese Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 10,566,000), 35,553 sq mi (92,082 sq km), SW Europe, on the western side of the Iberian Peninsula and including the Madeira Islands and the Azores in the Output growth is predicted to moderate to 2.1% GDP growth after four down years. Lack of casting capacity is expected to keep shipments low; however, export potential is forecast to spur ductile iron production to 80,000 tons by 2008. Turkey An increase in capacity and competitiveness in the production of iron and aluminum castings continues to make Turkey a key player in metal casting production in Europe. Gray iron casting shipments are forecast to rise from 475,000 tons in 2004 to 720,000 tons in 2008. Ductile iron growth to 350,000 tons also is forecast. Aluminum casting growth to 70,000 tons is predicted for 2008. China China continues to increase market share in the worldwide casting marketplace and is expected to produce near 30% of the castings by 2008. Gray iron shipments are forecast to increase from 11.27 million tons in 2004 to 12 million in 2006 and 12.75 million in 2008. Ductile iron production is forecast to rise from 5.5 million tons in 2004 to 6.7 million tons in 2008 as exports increase and pipe and construction castings are substituted for gray iron. Led by aluminum usage in automotive applications, shipments of aluminum castings are expected to rise to 2 million tons by 2008. As shown in Table 9, motor vehicle applications dominate the markets for iron and aluminum castings. Gray iron ingot molds continue to be produced because of the use of blast furnace blast furnace, structure used chiefly in smelting. The principle involved in this means of extracting metals is that of the reduction of the ores by the action of carbon monoxide, i.e., the removal of oxygen from the metal oxide in order to obtain the metal. metal and rolling mill rolling mill: see steel. steel operations. Japan Below average private consumption for the past eight years has kept the GDP low and resulted in low casting production, as shown in Tables 11-14. A turnaround Turnaround A situation where a company that has had poor performance for an extended period of time experiences a positive reversal. Notes: A speculator may profit from a turnaround if he or she accurately anticipates the improvement of a poorly performing company. in the economy is forecast for the next three years and is expected to spur increases in casting shipments. The continued increase in conversion of iron castings to aluminum in automotive applications is forecast to bring gray iron shipments to a low of 2.45 million tons despite an increase in motor vehicle production. Though automotive applications of ductile iron are to decline, total ductile iron shipments are expected to rise to 2.18 million tons by 2008. Aluminum die castings are forecast to grow to 1.1 million tons in 2008 while permanent mold mold, name for certain multicellular organisms of the various classes of the kingdom Fungi, characteristically having bodies composed of a cottony mycelium. The colors of molds are caused by the spores, which are borne on the mycelium. and sand usage rises to 586,000 tons. Taiwan Taiwan (tī`wän`), Portuguese Formosa, officially Republic of China, island nation (2005 est. pop. 22,894,000), 13,885 sq mi (35,961 sq km), in the Pacific Ocean, separated from the mainland of S China by the 100-mi-wide (161-km) Taiwan After three down years, the Years, The the seven decades of Eleanor Pargiter’s life. [Br. Lit.: Benét, 1109] See : Time improvement in the economy and rise in exports is expected to increase the GDP level by 4%. Though gray iron production is expected to show only minimal growth, ductile iron shipments are forecast to grow to 240,000 tons by 2008. Aluminum casting production is forecast to rise from 261,000 tons in 2004 to 350,000 tons in 2008. Korea Despite a strengthening of the won, exports of castings continue to grow. As shown in Table 3, gray iron, ductile iron and aluminum casting shipments are all expected to rise in the next three years. India India, officially Republic of India, republic (2005 est pop. 1,080,264,000), 1,261,810 sq mi (3,268,090 sq km), S Asia. The second most populous country in the world, it is also sometimes called Bharat, its ancient name. India's land frontier (c. India's car production is expected to double in seven years, thus spurring growth in the economy. Subsidizing of metalcasting facilities continues to support casting exports. As shown in Table 3, casting production continues to grow, and India's global market share is expected to increase to 6%. Eastern Europe Eastern Europe The countries of eastern Europe, especially those that were allied with the USSR in the Warsaw Pact, which was established in 1955 and dissolved in 1991. The forecasted growth of passenger car production from 2.8 million vehicles in 2004 to 3.3 million in 2008 is expected to spur casting growth to 2.6 million tons and 2.9% market share worldwide. Led by Poland's growth to 120,000 tons of gray iron and 40,000 tons of ductile iron and by Russia's 600,000 tons of gray iron castings, shipments are forecast at 1.1 million tons in 2006. Russia's market share in worldwide production is forecast to decline from 8% to 7.2% as ingot mold tonnage TONNAGE, mar. law. The capacity of a ship or vessel. 2. The act of congress of March 2, 1799, s. 64, 1 Story's L. U. S. 630, directs that to ascertain the tonnage of any ship or vessel, the surveyor, &c. drops and conversion to aluminum increases. Brazil Brazil has a large population of moderately skilled workers whose productivity is relatively low, but whose wages are very low. Their technology, especially in the production of aluminum castings, is top level. The country has sufficient natural resources to allow them to compete in any metal casting market. Brazil has an excellent supply of metal ore ore, metal-bearing mineral mass that can be profitably mined. Nearly all rock deposits contain some metallic minerals, but in many cases the concentration of metal is too low to justify mining the ore. and is the world's number one producer of pig iron pig iron: see iron. pig iron Crude iron obtained directly from the blast furnace and cast in molds (see cast iron). The crude ingots, called pigs, are then remelted along with scrap and alloying elements and recast into molds to produce . The nation also has bauxite bauxite (bôk`sīt, bŏk`–), mixture of hydrated aluminum oxides usually containing oxides of iron and silicon in varying quantities. plants for aluminum pig production. Additionally, Brazil is known to subsidize sub·si·dize tr.v. sub·si·dized, sub·si·diz·ing, sub·si·diz·es 1. To assist or support with a subsidy. 2. To secure the assistance of by granting a subsidy. the production of iron castings and has been convicted of "dumping dumping, selling goods at less than the normal price, usually as exports in international trade. It may be done by a producer, a group of producers, or a nation. " castings into the U.S. market. As shown in Table 2 and 3, casting production is forecast to increase, further increasing Brazil's market share to 3.9%. Mexico Mexico has a large population of workers who offer moderate skills on a very low wage scale. The Mexican Mexican named after or originating in Mexico. Mexican axolotl see ambystomamexicanum. Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum metalcasting industry is supported by this inexpensive labor pool and a high demand for castings created by an expanding automobile industry automobile industry, the business of producing and selling self-powered vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles. and local content laws. However, the industry is hampered by a shortage of materials used by the casting industry. Mexico has excellent capability to produce aluminum and iron engine castings and is expected to utilize these skills in the future to increase casting production. It is forecast that aluminum growth will increase shipments to 700,000 tons by 2008. Ductile iron shipments are expected to rise to 350,000 tons. Canada Canada (kăn`ədə), independent nation (2001 pop. 30,007,094), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland and the French islands of Canada's weak currency and productive labor pool has made Canadian Canadian (kənā`dēən), river, 906 mi (1,458 km) long, rising in NE New Mexico. and flowing E across N Texas and central Oklahoma into the Arkansas River in E Oklahoma. metalcasting facilities highly competitive. It is forecast that shipments of aluminum castings are to increase to 300,000 tons by 2008, led by engine castings for Ford. Though gray iron shipments are expected to decrease, ductile iron shipments are forecast to rise to 180,000 tons. For More Information "Casting Sales Forecast Sales forecast A key input to a firm's financial planning process. External sales forecasts are based on historical experience, statistical analysis, and consideration of various macroeconomic factors. to Grow 15% by '08," K. Kirgin, MODERN CASTING, Jan. 2006, p. 20-25. Ken Kirgin, Stratecasts, Ft. Myers Myers can refer to: People
Florida (flôr`ĭdə, flŏr`–), state in the extreme SE United States. A long, low peninsula between the Atlantic Ocean (E) and the Gulf of Mexico (W), Florida is bordered by Georgia and A 50-year metalcasting industry veteran, Ken Kirgin founded Stratecasts in the early 1980s to provide domestic and international forecasting and trends analysis and strategic planning Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. .
Table 1. Forecast of Total Worldwide Metal
Casting Shipments (000 metric tons)
Metal 2004 2006 2008
Gray Iron 40,319 41,480 42,530
Ductile Iron 19,760 21,482 22,584
Malleable Iron 1,190 1,160 1,100
Steel 6,920 7,154 7,230
Aluminum 10,208 11,203 12,423
Other Nonferrous 2,450 2,580 2,700
Investment 1,007 1,960 1,100
TOTAL 81,854 86,119 90,067
Table 2. Forecast of Shipments of All MetalShare of Major Countries
& Regions Castings (000 metric tons) with Estimated Market
Country 2004 (%) 2006 (%) 2008 (%)
China 23,164 (28.3) 24,630 (28.6) 26,620 (29.6)
Western Europe 15,390 (18.8) 16,190 (18.8) 16,660 (18.5)
United States 12,340 (15.1) 12,995 (15.1) 13,316 (14.8)
Japan 6,790 (8.3) 7,100 (8.2) 7,140 (7.9)
Russia 6,548 (8.0) 6,550 (7.6) 6,460 (7.2)
India 4,830 (5.9) 5,090 (6.0) 5,390 (6.0)
Brazil 2,950 (3.6) 3,195 (3.7) 3,520 (3.9)
Mexico 2,292 (2.8) 2,520 (2.9) 2,780 (3.1)
Eastern Europe 2,046 (2.5) 2,325 (2.7) 2,612 (29.0)
Korea 1,965 (2.4) 2,100 (2.4) 2,390 (2.7)
Canada 982 (1.2) 1,000 (1.2) 1,030 (1.1)
Other 2,557 (3.1) 2,424 (2.8) 2,149 (2.4)
TOTAL 81,854 (100) 86,119 (100) 90,067 (100)
Table 3. Forecast of Worldwide Shipments of
Iron & Aluminum Castings (000 metric tons)
2004
Asia GI DI AI
China 11,267 5,603 1,650
Japan 2,660 1,895 1,310
India 3,180 442 300
Korea 957 557 115
Taiwan 792 215 261
Europe
Germany 2,421 1,428 716
France 943 980 330
Italy 943 486 828
UK 572 362 180
Spain 506 532 130
Turkey 475 308 52
Russia 4,200 340 500
North America
United States 4,265 4,023 1,968
Mexico 1,100 270 540
Canada 333 150 240
South America
Brazil 1,730 597 160
Other 3,975 1,572 928
TOTAL 40,319 19,760 10,208
2006
Asia GI DI AI
China 12,050 6,100 1,800
Japan 2,560 2,150 1,400
India 3,225 480 350
Korea 1,000 600 140
Taiwan 800 225 290
Europe
Germany 2,250 1,474 720
France 891 1,098 385
Italy 945 520 890
UK 590 390 206
Spain 564 570 200
Turkey 640 320 62
Russia 4,100 400 550
North America
United States 4,311 4,266 2,134
Mexico 1,150 310 600
Canada 320 170 260
South America
Brazil 1,850 620 180
Other 4,234 1,789 1,036
TOTAL 41,480 21,482 11,203
2008
Asia GI DI AI
China 12,750 6,700 2,000
Japan 2,450 2,180 1,580
India 3,350 520 410
Korea 1,100 700 160
Taiwan 820 240 350
Europe
Germany 2,226 1,520 763
France 867 1,119 400
Italy 940 550 930
UK 626 420 225
Spain 563 630 220
Turkey 720 350 70
Russia 4,000 440 600
North America
United States 4,288 4,403 2,251
Mexico 1,200 350 700
Canada 300 180 300
South America
Brazil 1,800 650 200
Other 4,530 2,032 1,264
TOTAL 42,530 22,984 12,423
Table 4. Forecast of Gray Iron Casting Shipments
in Western Europe by Country (000 metric tons)
Country 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 63 62 52 48
Belgium 81 80 78 81
Finland 54 57 56 52
France 1,085 932 924 910
Germany 2,180 2,303 2,253 2,296
Italy 1,119 966 933 907
Netherlands 58 66 60 61
Norway 28 24 20 17
Portugal 44 34 35 39
Spain 460 576 592 498
Sweden 194 169 157 158
Switzerland 46 42 29 27
Turkey 690 615 620 592
UK 710 519 545 537
Other 200 200 100 129
TOTAL 7,012 6,645 6,454 6,343
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Austria 50 55 55 58 60
Belgium 71 80 75 78 80
Finland 38 40 42 43 44
France 943 897 891 879 867
Germany 2,421 2,399 2,250 2,234 2,226
Italy 913 939 945 955 940
Netherlands 63 70 70 70 70
Norway 15 18 18 20 20
Portugal 29 32 34 38 40
Spain 506 540 564 566 563
Sweden 178 170 180 182 182
Switzerland 29 30 35 50 50
Turkey 475 610 640 700 720
UK 572 586 590 612 526
Other 140 150 170 200 190
TOTAL 6,473 6,507 6,559 6,665 6,578
Table 5. Forecast of Gray Iron Casting Shipments
in Western Europe by Industry (000 metric tons)
Industry 1999 2001 2002
Vehicle 2,132 2,148 2,156
Municipal/Bldg. 841 820 802
Pipe Fittings 546 533 575
Mach. Plt. Engr. 1,278 1,257 1,224
Farm Equipment 449 406 415
Steel, IM, Rolls 185 174 156
Valves 259 251 253
Construction/Mining 249 244 240
Appliances 138 130 122
Engines 346 353 349
Other 420 371 359
TOTAL 6,843 6,645 6,611
'02/'08
Industry 2006 2008 AGR (%)
Vehicle 2,124 2,009 -1.2
Municipal/Bldg. 848 845 +0.9
Pipe Fittings 494 475 -3.1
Mach. Plt. Engr. 1,263 1,424 +2.6
Farm Equipment 363 356 -2.5
Steel, IM, Rolls 117 84 -9.8
Valves 290 260 +0.5
Construction/Mining 284 279 +2.5
Appliances 109 62 -10.7
Engines 334 430 +3.5
Other 326 356 -0.2
TOTAL 6,559 6,578 -0.1
Table 6. Forecast of Ductile Iron Casting Shipments
in Western Europe by Country (000 metric tons)
Country 2000 2001 2002 2003
Austria 110 100 110 100
Belgium 38 19 19 15
Finland 46 44 43 39
France 1,069 1,080 1,232 1,160
Germany 1,270 1,269 1,277 1,342
Italy 407 379 444 458
Netherlands 70 60 60 60
Norway 39 45 44 37
Portugal 45 52 52 53
Spain 500 617 643 410
Sweden 55 57 57 55
Switzerland 74 63 51 46
Turkey 130 132 139 187
UK 540 316 326 342
Other 260 260 130 170
TOTAL 4,799 4,493 4,627 4,474
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Austria 120 118 122 124 124
Belgium 16 17 18 20 20
Finland 50 50 54 56 60
France 900 1,051 1,098 1,118 1,119
Germany 1,428 1,440 1,474 1,560 1,520
Italy 486 500 520 565 550
Netherlands 78 80 80 85 90
Norway 42 48 48 50 50
Portugal 53 60 60 80 80
Spain 532 550 570 590 630
Sweden 60 56 62 70 75
Switzerland 51 56 56 60 60
Turkey 308 310 320 330 350
UK 362 376 390 400 420
Other 220 220 230 240 250
TOTAL 4,786 4,932 5,102 5,258 5,398
Table 7. Forecast of Ductile Iron Shipments in
Western Europe by Industry (000 metric tons)
Industry 1999 2001 2002 2003
Vehicle 1,349 1,471 1,448 1,450
Construction 493 455 492 450
Mach. Plant Engineering 479 429 405 420
Farm Equipment 241 237 256 230
Pipe/Fittings 1,464 1,430 1,591 1,500
Steel/Rolls 123 192 104 100
Other 417 369 331 324
TOTAL 4,556 4,493 4,627 4,474
'02/'08
Industry 2004 2005 2006 2008 AGR (%)
Vehicle 1,480 1,578 1,593 1,606 +1.7
Construction 480 520 571 609 +3.6
Mach. Plant Engineering 450 484 525 559 +5.5
Farm Equipment 260 278 323 337 +4.7
Pipe/Fittings 1,500 1,609 1,632 1,709 +1.2
Steel/Rolls 80 101 70 66 -7.3
Other 536 362 478 512 +7.5
TOTAL 4,786 4,932 5,102 5,398 +2.6
Table 8. Forecast of Aluminum Casting Shipments
(000 Metric Tons) in Western Europe by Country
Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Germany 598 646 620 661 670
Italy 599 680 751 777 790
France 281 349 340 370 329
UK 169 159 160 170 180
Spain 120 120 253 266 132
Austria 75 90 90 90 104
Sweden 40 42 40 43 37
Netherlands 18 18 17 18 18
Other 60 70 80 80 80
TOTAL 1,988 2,382 2,368 2,497 2,357
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Germany 716 718 720 740 768
Italy 828 840 890 910 930
France 330 350 385 392 400
UK 189 190 206 210 225
Spain 130 160 200 210 220
Austria 109 110 110 115 120
Sweden 45 50 51 55 56
Netherlands 18 19 20 21 22
Other 180 180 185 187 190
TOTAL 2,553 2,637 2,789 2,863 2,965
Table 9. Forecast of Iron & Aluminum Shipments
in China in 2006 & 2008 (000 metric tons) **
Market Gray Iron Ductile Iron
2006 2008 2006 2008
Automotive 3,550 3,760 1,400 1,540
Locomotive 260 275
Farm & Machinery 1550 1640 400 440
Machine Tool 920 975
Valves & Spec. Machines 260 280 150 160
Construction & Mining Machinery 730 780 150 170
Electrical Power Machinery 250 270
Ingot Mold 900 930
Pipe & Fittings 2,580 2,740 2,300 2,525
Leisure
Other 1,050 1,100 1,700 1,865
TOTAL 12,050 12,750 6,100 6,700
Market Aluminum
2006 2008
Automotive 1,450 1,620
Locomotive
Farm & Machinery
Machine Tool
Valves & Spec. Machines
Construction & Mining Machinery
Electrical Power Machinery
Ingot Mold
Pipe & Fittings
Leisure 150 160
Other 200 220
TOTAL 1,800 * 2,000
* 1.15 million tons of die castings
** 4.7 million tons of steel, malleable iron, bronze and
other nonferrous castings in 2006. 5.2 million tons in 2008
Table 10. Forecast of Gray Iron Production in Japan (000 Metric Tons)
Industry 2000 2001 2002 2003
Industrial Mach.&
Eng. Material 490 460 450 480
Machinery for
Mining & Const. 65 59 58 60
Metalworking Mach.
& Machine Tool 120 105 100 112
Rolls & Ingot Molds 60 55 50 56
Other Machinery 125 112 105 125
Electric Machinery &
Telecommunications 80 70 70 83
Automotive Parts
& Components 1,480 1,370 1,389 1,389
Other Vehicles 90 80 70 75
Other 130 85 68 85
TOTAL 2,640 2,396 2,351 2,456
Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Industrial Mach.&
Eng. Material 520 500 510 500 500
Machinery for
Mining & Const. 70 70 80 80 95
Metalworking Mach.
& Machine Tool 130 130 125 130 130
Rolls & Ingot Molds 60 50 40 30 20
Other Machinery 130 130 140 145 150
Electric Machinery &
Telecommunications 90 80 80 60 50
Automotive Parts
& Components 1,440 1,400 1,350 1,300 1,250
Other Vehicles 100 90 90 100 100
Other 120 150 145 155 155
TOTAL 2,660 2,600 2,560 2,500 2,450
Table 11. Forecast of Ductile Iron
Production in Japan (000 metric tons)
Industry 2000 2001 2002 2003
Industrial Mach. &
Eng. Material 160 147 135 140
Machinery for
Mining & Const. 110 95 90 95
Machine Tool 10 10 10 10
Rolls & Ingot Molds 20 17 18 19
Other Machinery 8 8 8 8
Electric Machinery 16 15 16 16
Automotive 800 780 800 850
Other Vehicle 40 38 30 30
Other 94 77 55 52
Pipe 680 620 580 600
TOTAL 1,938 1,897 1,742 1,931
Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Industrial Mach. &
Eng. Material 152 162 172 174 150
Machinery for
Mining & Const. 100 105 110 115 120
Machine Tool 10 11 11 11 11
Rolls & Ingot Molds 20 21 22 20 20
Other Machinery 9 9 9 9 9
Electric Machinery 17 18 18 18 18
Automotive 900 950 990 980 970
Other Vehicle 32 34 35 40 40
Other 70 70 73 75 77
Pipe 585 680 710 720 720
TOTAL 1,895 2,060 2,150 2,180 2,180
Table 12. Forecast of Aluminum Die Casting
Production in Japan (000 metric tons)
Industry 2000 2001 2002 2003
Industrial Machine &
Eng. Material 55 50 52 57
Electrical Machinery 45 40 42 43
Automotive 500 500 521 539
Motorcycles 55 50 52 54
Other 135 120 125 127
TOTAL 790 760 792 823
Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Industrial Machine &
Eng. Material 63 67 71 74 89
Electrical Machinery 47 50 53 58 60
Automotive 592 625 660 680 720
Motorcycles 59 62 65 68 70
Other 140 148 155 160 165
TOTAL 981 952 1,004 1,038 1,095
Table 13. Forecast of Aluminum Permanent Mold &
Sand Casting Production in Japan (000 metric tons)
Industry 2000 2001 2002 2003
Industrial Machine 16 15 16 17
Electric Machinery 8 8 8 8
Automotive 304 280 291 301
Other Motor Vehicle 10 10 10 10
Other 76 97 100 104
TOTAL 414 410 425 440
Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Industrial Machine 19 20 21 21 22
Electric Machinery 8 9 9 9 9
Automotive 331 348 360 380 400
Other Motor Vehicle 11 12 13 14 15
Other 114 120 125 150 160
TOTAL 483 509 528 554 586
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