Global Dumping.Countries such as the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. , Australia, New Zealand New Zealand (zē`lənd), island country (2005 est. pop. 4,035,000), 104,454 sq mi (270,534 sq km), in the S Pacific Ocean, over 1,000 mi (1,600 km) SE of Australia. The capital is Wellington; the largest city and leading port is Auckland. , and the members of the European Union European Union (EU), name given since the ratification (Nov., 1993) of the Treaty of European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, to the European Community pride themselves on being free traders. Yet they often protect favored domestic industries from foreign competition by applying punitive tariffs to imports they think are being "dumped" on the cheap. As developing countries have rhetorically embraced free trade in recent years, they've also embraced the protectionism protectionism Policy of protecting domestic industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other handicaps placed on imports. favored by First World free traders. During the first half of the 1990s, countries that have traditionally used punitive tariffs initiated 53 percent of all anti-dumping proceedings worldwide, according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. a recent Cato Institute "Cato" redirects here. For Cato, see Cato. The Institute's stated mission is "to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace" by striving "to achieve study. From 1995 through 1999 the situation reversed, and developing countries initiated 59 percent of all anti-dumping proceedings. The United States, which aggressively protects its steel industry, is now the third-largest target of anti-dumping measures, behind China and Japan. "The rapid spread of anti-dumping protectionism throughout the world threatens to undo many of the liberalizing gains made through the elimination of quotas and import licenses and the slashing of tariff rates," the study notes. Perhaps it's time It's Time was a successful political campaign run by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) under Gough Whitlam at the 1972 election in Australia. Campaigning on the perceived need for change after 23 years of conservative (Liberal Party of Australia) government, Labor put forward a for U.S. trade bureaucrats to forget about steel and get serious about anti-dumping reform. Top Ten Anti-Dumping Users, Total Measures in Place, 1995-2000 Country 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Average United States 309 313 321 327 342 323 323 EU 138 137 138 139 150 154 143 Canada 95 96 93 77 79 87 88 Mexico 92 90 82 83 77 77 84 South Africa 17 31 47 58 94 105 59 Australia 84 64 42 44 41 45 53 India 13 15 20 44 62 98 42 Argentina 19 31 35 37 42 43 35 Turkey 37 37 35 34 35 13 32 Brazil 20 26 24 31 37 41 30 All others 50 59 84 102 122 117 89 Total 874 899 921 976 1,081 1,103 976 Traditional Users 651 636 618 611 631 622 628 Nontraditional 223 263 303 365 450 481 348 Source: Cato Institute Center for Trade Policy Studies |
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