Generic edges.The letters of a word can be displayed as one of a number of different geometrical forms--a triangle, pentagon or rhombus etc.--in the order in which they occur in the word. In Edge Words (WW98274), I arranged the letters of words thus, in order to create 'edge words', words made by the letters along the left (L) and right (R) hand edges of the particular geometrical form, reading from the top downwards. More recently, in Upwards Edge Words (WW2006235) I repeated the exercise to find edge words which read upwards. Now I am searching for L and R edge words which are generically related. The two words may be identical, they may be transposals, palindromes, tautonyms The following is a list of tautonyms: taxonomic names in which the genus and species names are the same. These are allowed in zoology, but not in botany, where the genus and species names must differ (though differences as small as one letter are permitted, as in the Jujube or Miami words (see Miami Words (2000014). The search is confined to the 10-letter triangle, 8-letter pentagon and 9-letter rhombus. dn. = downward edge word up = upward edge word Unreferenced words can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary (OED) great multi-volume historical dictionary of English. [Br. Hist.: Caught in the Web of Words] See : Lexicography , Second Edition. Other references: Pcon = The Palindromicon 11, Word Ways Monograph Series 6, 2002; Web2 and Web3 = Webster's Second and Third Editions. Locations, identified by country, are taken from The United States Board on Geographic Names The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is an American federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the U.S. government. Overview The Board was created in 1890; its present form derives from a law of 1947. . IDENTICAL EDGES To these particular triangles, pentagons and rhombuses with identical edges, I have added the constraint that the edge word must be a reversal. Where the reversals are both locations, I have selected examples in which both locations can be found in the same country. The edge words may contain a repeated letter *. 1. TRIANGLES For an A--Z of 6-letter triangles with identical L and R edge words which read downwards, the reader is referred to Edge Words (page 279). 10-letter triangles with identical L and R edge words have the letter pattern 1223?34??4 [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 2. PENTAGONS 8-letter pentagons with identical L and R edge words have the letter pattern 1223?344. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 3. RHOMBUSES 9-letter rhombuses with identical L and R edge words have the letter pattern 1223?3445. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] TRANSPOSAL Trans`pos´al n. 1. The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition. EDGES Edge words which are transposals may read downwards and/or upwards. Both edge words read downwards 1. TRIANGLES If the letters of the L edge word read downwards 1234 (see Triangles above), the transposed trans·pose v. trans·posed, trans·pos·ing, trans·pos·es v.tr. 1. To reverse or transfer the order or place of; interchange. 2. letters of the R edge word conform to one of 5 permutations (the initial letter being predetermined pre·de·ter·mine v. pre·de·ter·mined, pre·de·ter·min·ing, pre·de·ter·mines v.tr. 1. To determine, decide, or establish in advance: ). These are 1243, 1324, 1342, 1423 and 1432. Below, SHEEPHERDE and TREEFEEDER each cater for 2 of the 5 permutations instead of just one. This is because their edge words each contain a repeated letter* (E). Note that the L and R edge words of MOORKEEPER are synonymic transposals. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 2. PENTAGONS The above 5 permutations also apply to the 4-letter edge words of 8-letter pentagons (see Pentagons above). [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 3. RHOMBUSES If the letters of the L edge word read downwards 12345 (see Rhombuses above), the transposed letters of the R edge word conform to one of 5 permutations (both the initial letter and the last letter being predetermined). These are 12435, 13245, 13425, 14235 and 14325. Three of the four sets of edge words below have a repeated letter * and so cater for more than one permutation One possible combination of items out of a larger set of items. For example, with the set of numbers 1, 2 and 3, there are six possible permutations: 12, 21, 13, 31, 23 and 32. (mathematics) permutation - 1. . Note that the L and R edge words of PEETWEETS are synonymic transposals. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Both edge words read upwards 1. TRIANGLES If the letters of the L edge word read upwards 4321 (see Triangles above), the transposed letters of the R edge word conform to one of 5 permutations (the last letter being predetermined). These are 4231, 3421, 3241, 2431 and 2341. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 2. PENTAGONS The above 5 permutations also apply to the 4-letter upwards edge words of 8-letter pentagons. 3. RHOMBUSES If the letters of the L edge word read upwards 54321 (see Rhombuses above), the transposed letters of the R edge word conform to one of 5 permutations (both the last letter and the initial letter being predetermined). These are 54231, 53421, 53241, 52431 and 52341. PALINDROMIC pal·in·dro·mic adj. Relapsing; recurring. EDGES 1. TRIANGLES 10-letter triangles with palindromic edges have the letter pattern 1232?31??1. BARAARBOOB (Somalia) is the only example I found. It is imperfect as BRRB is not a word. On the other hand, with the basal palindromic BOOB, all 3 edges are palindromic. BAAB is a surname. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 2. PENTAGONS 8-letter pentagons with palindromic edges have the letter pattern 1232?311. Can you find one? 3. RHOMBUSES The word which makes two palindromic edge words may, or may not, he a palindrome palindrome: see anagram. itself. When it is a palindrome, the two edge words are identical (a and b--pattern 1223?3221). When it is non-palindromic, the identical second and fourth letters of the L edge word may be the same as those of the R edge words (c--pattern122???221) or different (d--pattern 123???231). [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] TAUTONYMIC EDGES 1. TRIANGLES 10-letter triangles with tautonymic edges have the letter pattern 1231?12??3. When the 2nd and 7th letters (2) are the same as the 3rd and 10th letters (3), the tautonymic edge words are identical *. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Note that, in the second example below, all three locations can be found in the same country. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 2. PENTAGONS 8-letter pentagons with tautonymic edges have the letter pattern 1231?123. No identical-edged examples were found. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 3. RHOMBUSES With 5 letters, the edge words of rhombuses cannot be tautonyms. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] MIAMI EDGES Of our three forms only the 9-letter rhombus, with its 5-letter edges, is capable of making Miami edge words (pattern 12712). In order to make these Miami edges, the 9-letter word must have the letter pattern 122???112. Hence, all the edge words have 2 repeated letters. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] MIXED EDGES Examples in which one edge word is a palindrome and the other edge word a tautonym tau·to·nym n. A taxonomic designation, such as Gorilla gorilla, in which the genus and species names are the same, commonly used in zoology but no longer in botany. can be found amongst 10-letter triangles and 8-letter pentagons. In those below, the L edge word is the tautonym--triangle pattern 1231?32??1 and pentagon pattern 1231?321. 1. TRIANGLES Finally, here is something to make your hair stand on end. In this triangle with transposal edges, the 2 downward-reading edge words describe the triangle word/ hair-raiser [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS Consecutive Palindromic Triads Steve Kahan 1. antiAIRCRaft 2. bEHESTS 3. calLALILles 4. contRARiWise con·trar·i·wise adv. 1. From a contrasting point of view. 2. In the opposite way or reverse order. 3. In a perverse manner. contrariwise Adverb 1. 5. cremE DE CACao crème de ca·cao n. A sweet white or brownish liqueur with a chocolate flavor. [French : crème, cream + de, of + cacao, cacao.] Noun 1. 6. critiCiSMS 7. croSS-STITch 8. dIVININg 9. UKULELe ukulele (y  kəlā`lē), Hawaiian musical instrument developed from the Portuguese guitar. It has a fretted fingerboard and four strings that are plucked or strummed.
10. hOMO EREctus 11. ADAM Adam, the first man, in the Bible Adam (ăd`əm), [Heb.,=man], in the Bible, the first man. In the Book of Genesis, God creates humankind in his image as a species of male and female, giving them dominion over other life. SMith 12. LouiSIANA 13. nEMESIS 14. POPE BEnedict 15. pRO RATA [Latin, Proportionately.] A phrase that describes a division made according to a certain rate, percentage, or share. In a Bankruptcy case, when the debtor is insolvent, creditors generally agree to accept a pro rata share of what is owed to them. 16. prECEDED 17. syNONYMY syn·on·y·my n. pl. syn·on·y·mies 1. The quality of being synonymous; equivalence of meaning. 2. Study and classification of synonyms. 3. A list, book, or system of synonyms. 4. 18. therMOMETEr 19. thingAMABOB 20. TRINIDAD 21. uNANIMIty 22. whOSOEVEr who·so·ev·er pron. Whoever. whosoever pron Old-fashioned or formal same as whoever 23. FIFTY Two 24. YOKO ONO 25. PAPARAzzi pa·pa·raz·zo n. pl. pa·pa·raz·zi A freelance photographer who doggedly pursues celebrities to take candid pictures for sale to magazines and newspapers. SUSAN THORPE Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England thorpeds@hotmail.com |
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