First evidence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Southern Chiapas, Mexico. (Letters).

To the Editor: The mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) was first identified in the Americas in Texas in 1985 (1,2). That year, this newly introduced species had dispersed widely in Texas and was implicated in the transmission of dengue virus (3). Later, the first states in Mexico that were infested by Ae. albopictus were along the northern Mexican border: Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas (4,5; J.P. Martinez-Munoz, thesis). In 1997, this species was reported farther south in Veracruz (6). Although Ae. albopictus was expected to spread to southernmost Mexico, this mosquito has never been reported there until now. We have confirmed Ae. albopictus in the city limits of Tapachula, southern Chiapas, Mexico.

On September 13, 2002, one of the authors, who resides in Tapachula, was bitten by a mosquito. He collected the specimen, which was later identified as Ae. albopictus by the Centro de Investigacion de Paludismo (CIP). Nearby larval habitats were then comprehensively searched to collect the immature stages of the species; the sampling area was located at 14[degrees] 55' 22.5" north and 92[degrees] 15' 05.7" west at an altitude of 220 m along the periphery of Tapachula. We found the following containers with larval stages of mosquitos: five water containers, two discarded tires (containing 300-3,000 mL of water), one thermal bottle (250 mL), one plastic bottle (50 mL), and one bucket (2,500 mL). Larvae were placed in plastic bags and transported to CIP laboratories, where they were allowed to emerge to adults during 17 days. The fourth instar larval and pupal exuvias were fixed and identified to species according to Darsie (7) and Superintendencia de Campanhas de Saude Publica (8). Twenty-five female and male Ae. albopictus from these collections are available from CIP laboratory upon request.

Additional field collections are being conducted to establish the distribution range of this species along the Chiapas coastal plain, to determinate the entomologic levels of infestation, and to determine its susceptibility to insecticides. Considering the epidemiologic relevance of this discovery, we have notified the proper health authorities to take necessary control measures to reduce the possibility of increased dengue transmission and to prevent other arboviruses, such as West Nile virus (9), from being spread by this new species in southern Mexico.

References

(1.) Centers for Disease Control. Aedes albopictus introduction--Texas. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986;35:141-2.

(2.) Centers for Disease Control. Aedes albopictus infestation--United States, Brazil. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986;35:493-5.

(3.) Moore CG, Francy DB, Eliason DA, Monath TP. Aedes albopictus in the United States: rapid spread of a potential disease vector. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1988;4:356-61.

(4.) Ibanez-Bernal S, Martinez-Campos C. Aedes albopictus in Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1994; 10:231-2.

(5.) Rodriguez-Tovar ML, Ortega-Martinez MG. Aedes albopictus in Muzquiz City, Coahuila, Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1994;10:587.

(6.) Secretaria de Salud. 2000. Available from: URL: http://www.ssaver.gob.mx/Servicios _de_Salud/BoletinEpidem/Boletines/2000-6/page 17.html

(7.) Darsie RF Jr. The identification of Aedes albopictus in the neartic region. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1986;2:336-40.

(8.) Superintendencia de Campanhas de Saude Publica. Resumo dos principias caracteres morfologicos diferenciais do Aedes aegypti e do Aedes albopictus. Brasilia: SUCAM/ Min. da Saude; 1989.

(9.) Holick J, Kyle A, Ferraro W, Delaney RR, Iwaseczk M. Discovery of Aedes albopictus infected with West Nile virus in southeastern Pennsylvania. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2002; 18:131.

Address for correspondence: Mauricio Casas-Martinez, Centro de Investigacion de Paludismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Apartado Postal 537, Tapachula, Chiapas, C. P. 30700, Mexico; fax: [phone]; email: [e-mail]

Mauricio Casas-Martinez * Jose Luis Torres-Estrada *

* Centro de Investigacion de Paludismo/Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Chiapas, Mexico