Effects of model coal tar components on adhesion strength of polyurethane coating on steel plate.In order to study the effects of coal tar coal tar, product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. Coal tar can be distilled into many fractions to yield a number of useful organic products, including benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. components on the adhesion strength of a heavy duty anticorrosive coating formed with tar-urethane resin on a steel plate, polyurethane polyurethane Any of a class of very versatile polymers that are made into flexible and rigid foams, fibres, elastomers (elastic polymers), surface coatings, and adhesives. coatings that were compounded with 15 kinds of polycyclic polycyclic having two or more usually fused chemical ring structures in their molecule. polycyclic hydrocarbons thyroid initiators, i.e. they increase the incidence of thyroid tumors. aromatic compounds aromatic compound, any of a large class of compounds that includes benzene and compounds that resemble benzene in certain of their chemical properties. Originally applied to a small class of pleasant-smelling chemicals derived from vegetables, it now encompasses a as model coal tar components were prepared. In the model coal tar components, naphthalene naphthalene (năf`thəlēn'), colorless, crystalline, solid aromatic hydrocarbon with a pungent odor. It melts at 80°C;, boils at 218°C;, and sublimes upon heating. , quinoline quin·o·line n. An aromatic organic base synthesized or obtained from coal tar and used as a food preservative and in making antiseptics. quinoline a drug used originally as an antimalarial. , 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene phenanthrene /phe·nan·threne/ (fe-nan´thren) a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon occurring in coal tar; toxic and carcinogenic. phe·nan·threne n. showed good compatibility with polyurethane. To test their heavy duty anticorrosive properties, tensile tensile, adj having a degree of elasticity; having the ability to be extended or stretched. adhesion strength of the cured coatings prepared with the compatible model coal tar components was measured, and the change in tensile adhesion strength as a function of time during salt-water spray treatment was measured. We found that the systems compounded with naphthalene, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene showed good properties in an ordinary state for adhesion strength. However, only the system with 2-naphthol was found to have good properties in the change of tensile adhesion strength as a function of time during salt-water spray treatment. The curing time In the annealing procedure could be divided into 3 stages:heating to a particular temperature, keeping for a period of time and cooling to room temperature. The curing time is the hold time of the 2nd stage. of the system with 2-naphthol was slower than that of the others, i.e., we found an inverse proportion an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, See also: Inverse n. Any of a family of nitrogenous chemicals that are used in industry and can cause respiratory disorders, especially asthma, if inhaled. group. Considering these results, we hypothesized that one of the reasons why the adhesion properties of the system with 2-naphthol had improved was due to the increase of tan [delta]. Keywords: Anticorrosive, coating, anticorrosive coatings, coal tar, polyurethane, polyol, polyisocyanate, adhesive, adhesive durability ********** Tar-urethane resin coatings, prepared by compounding coal tar as an anticorrosive, have been used mainly as heavy duty anticorrosive coatings for many years, together with tar-epoxy resin coatings. Now, because of recent tightening of environmental pollution laws, a need has arisen to change to a non-tar system. (1,2) In this article, we prepared polyurethane coatings compounded with 15 kinds of polycyclic aromatic compounds as model coal tar components into a polyurethane system, and we prepared cured coatings on sandblasted steel plates and measured their tensile adhesion strength. We reported which model coal tar component was effective in improving tensile adhesion strength and the reason for this. EXPERIMENTAL Materials POLYOL: Polyol, produced by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., was used, i.e., a 50% solution of di-iso-propanolamine (DIPA DIPA Division of International Programs Abroad DIPA Diisopropanolamine DIPA Double India Pale Ale (beer type; aka imperial India Pale Ale) DIPA Dynamic Image Provisioning Application DIPA Dual Input Phase Accumulator ) adducted to bisphenol A Bisphenol A is a chemical compound containing two phenol functional groups. It belongs to the phenol class of aromatic organic compounds. It is widely prepared and sold and various important polymers/plastics are made from it. type epoxy resin epoxy resin (ēpok´sē,  pok´sē),n See resin, epoxy. of which the degree of polymerization The degree of polymerization, or DP, is the number of repeat units in an average polymer chain at time t in a polymerization reaction [1]. The length is in monomer units. The degree of polymerization is a measure of molecular weight. was 12 (Figure 1). A mixture of toluene toluene (tōl`y  ēn') or methylbenzene (mĕth'əlbĕn`zēn), C7H8 , methyl-isobutyl-ketone (MIBK MIBK Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ) and
methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK Noun 1. MEK - a terrorist organization formed in the 1960s by children of Iranian merchants; sought to counter the Shah of Iran's pro-western policies of modernization and opposition to communism; following a philosophy that mixes Marxism and Islam it now attacks the ) at a weight ratio of 5:3:1 was used as a
solvent. The characteristics of the polyol are presented in Table 1.
POLYISOCYANATE: A 75% butyl acetate The chemical compound n-butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers and other products. It is also used as a synthetic fruit flavoring in foods such as candy, ice cream, cheeses, and baked goods. solution of tolylene-di-isocyanate adducted to trimethylol propane propane, CH3CH2CH3, colorless, gaseous alkane. It is readily liquefied by compression and cooling. It melts at −189.9°C; and boils at −42.2°C;. (TDITMP) (Takenate D-103H, Mitsui-Takeda Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan) was used as a polyisocyanate (Figure 2). The characteristics are presented in Table 2. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] [FIGURE 3 OMITTED] MODEL COAL TAR COMPONENTS: Fifteen kinds of polycyclic aromatic compounds were used as our model coal tar components. The molecular structures are shown in Figure 3. Approximately 30 ~ 150 phr of our model coal tar components were compounded for 100 phr of a polyol. Compatibility of Model Coal Tar Components Our model coal tar components were compounded according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. the recipe presented in Table 3, and their compatibility was measured by looking at the transparency of the cured compounds. S. Akiyama recommended the transparency method from a view of simplicity. (3) Tensile Adhesion Test PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES: A TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH: Tensile adhesion strength was measured in accordance with ASTM ASTM abbr. American Society for Testing and Materials D 4541. Specifically, a circular jig jig, dance of English origin that is performed also in Ireland and Scotland. It is usually a lively dance, performed by one or more persons, with quick and irregular steps. When the jig was introduced to the United States, it was often danced in minstrel shows. made from aluminum, with a cross section area of 3.14 c[m.sup.2], was bonded with a cured coating at two points using an epoxy resin adhesive. As a pretreatment pretreatment, n the protocols required before beginning therapy, usually of a diagnostic nature; before treatment. pretreatment estimate, n See predetermination. , the adhesion side of the circular jig was ground with sand paper in order to prevent interfacial destruction between the jig and the cured coating. The adhesive was cured for 24 hr at 23[degrees]C-65% RH. The cured coating around the jig was cut by a circular saw joined with a drilling machine A Drilling machine is used for foundation construction in the building industry, or for drilling water or oil wells. Parts
Drilling machines are classified on the basis of: ADHESIVE DURABILITY TEST DURING SALT-WATER SPRAY TREATMENT: Salt-water spray treatment, as a general durability test for heavy duty anticorrosive coatings, was performed. (4) A salt-water spray treatment machine produced by Suga-shikenki Co., Ltd., Japan, was used. The treatment was done under conditions in which brine brine a salt solution used in the curing of meat. Standard ingredients are sodium chloride (15 to 30%) and sodium nitrate (0.15 to 1.50%) but many other ingredients may be added for special effects. brine shrimp see artemia. concentration was 5%, temperature was 35[degrees]C, pressure was 1 kgf/c[m.sup.2], and treatment time was 3000 hr. The change in tensile adhesion strength as a function of time was measured by using the test pieces that had been picked up from a test machine every week. Measurement was performed four times and the average was adopted as tensile adhesion strength. Curing Time In a 100 ml disposable cup, 40 g of polyurethane coating was compounded according to Table 3, and the disposable cup was covered with aluminum foil Noun 1. aluminum foil - foil made of aluminum aluminium foil, tin foil foil - a piece of thin and flexible sheet metal; "the photographic film was wrapped in foil" . Naphthalene, phenanthrene, 2-naphthol, and quinoline were used as model tar components. Curing time was defined as the time elapsed e·lapse intr.v. e·lapsed, e·laps·ing, e·laps·es To slip by; pass: Weeks elapsed before we could start renovating. n. until the coatings could not move when the disposable cup was tilted. Tensile Strength tensile strength Ratio of the maximum load a material can support without fracture when being stretched to the original area of a cross section of the material. When stresses less than the tensile strength are removed, a material completely or partially returns to its , Elongation elongation, in astronomy, the angular distance between two points in the sky as measured from a third point. The elongation of a planet is usually measured as the angular distance from the sun to the planet as measured from the earth. , and Modulus of Cured Coating Sheets To prepare the test pieces, the resin varnish varnish, homogeneous solution of gum or of natural or synthetic resins in oil (oil varnish) or in a volatile solvent (spirit varnish), which dries on exposure to air, forming a thin, hard, usually glossy film. compounded according to Table 3 was poured into a polypropylene polypropylene (pŏl'ēprō`pəlēn), plastic noted for its light weight, being less dense than water; it is a polymer of propylene. It resists moisture, oils, and solvents. tray, dried for 24 hr at 23[degrees]C-65% RH, and cured for three weeks at 23[degrees]C-65% RH. Phenanthrene, 2-naphthol, and quinoline were used as model coal tar components. On 2-naphthol, 30 phr was compounded for the same reason described in the previous "Preparation of Test Pieces" section. On phenanthrene and quinoline, 50 phr was compounded. The cured coating sheets were cut to the size of No. 1 type of ISO (1) See ISO speed. (2) (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, www.iso.ch) An organization that sets international standards, founded in 1946. The U.S. member body is ANSI. 7253 (1984). Test pieces were held to a chuck of a tension test machine and tensile strength, elongation, and modulus were measured in accordance with ISO 7253 (1984). Measurement was performed four times at a crosshead cross·head n. A beam that connects the piston rod to the connecting rod of a reciprocating engine. Noun 1. crosshead - a heading of a subsection printed within the body of the text crossheading speed of 1 mm/min and at 23[degrees]C-65% RH, and the average was adopted. Dynamic Viscoelasticity The cured sheets prepared as decribed in the the previous section were cut at 5 mm X 30 mm and were used as test pieces. The thickness was about 0.4 ~ 0.7 mm. A dynamic viscoelastometer, DMS (1) (Document Management System) See document management. (2) (Defense Messaging System) An X.500-compliant messaging system developed by the U.S. Dept. of Defense. 6100, produced by SEIKO Instrument Co., Ltd., Japan, was used at a frequency of 10 Hz. The heating speed was 2[degrees]C/min and the temperature range was between 20[degrees]C and 200[degrees]C. [FIGURE 4 OMITTED] [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] Electric Anticorrosive Test of Cured Coatings Electric anticorrosive properties of the cured coatings prepared in the "Preparation of Test Pieces" section were measured by tan [delta] method. This tan [delta] is different from that of viscoelasticity. The tan [delta] method is performed, generally, as an electric anticorrosive test for anticorrosive coatings. The parameters consist of electric capacity and electric resistance. This tan [delta] is derived from equation (1). (5) As the electric capacity or electric resistance of the coatings became larger, tan [delta] became smaller and anticorrosive properties improved. Generally, a tan [delta] index under 0.2 indicates a good anticorrosive coating. (5) The measurement process is described later. At one electrode electrode, terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit. In most familiar circuits current is carried by metallic conductors, but in some circuits the current passes for some distance through a , a cotton pad Cotton pads are pads similar to pledgets. They are made from cotton and can be used for medical or cosmetic purposes. For medical purposes, cotton pads are used to stop bleeding, from flu shots, or when you get your blood drawn, and are sometimes used as makeshift bandages by impregnated im·preg·nate tr.v. im·preg·nat·ed, im·preg·nat·ing, im·preg·nates 1. To make pregnant; inseminate. 2. To fertilize (an ovum, for example). 3. with 3% brine was applied on a cured coating. At the other electrode, a metal needle was perforated per·fo·ra·ted adj. Pierced with one or more holes. through a cured coating and contacted to a steel plate. When alternating current with constant frequency was passed through the electrodes Electrodes Tiny wires in adhesive pads that are applied to the body for ECG measurement. Mentioned in: Electrocardiography , the electric capacity and electric resistance of the coating was measured, and tan [delta] was calculated by using equation (1). As a measuring machine for tan [delta], Paint Film Tester D-50A, produced by DELLICA Co., Ltd., Japan, was used. The frequency was 1 kHz and the temperature was 23[degrees]C. Sample coatings were prepared according to Table 3. The coatings were compounded with naphthalene, phenanthrene, quinoline, and 2-naphthol as our model coal tar components. On 2-naphthol, 30 phr was compounded as previously described. On the other model coal tar components, 50 phr was compounded. Test-coated panels were prepared using the above coatings, and the change in tan [delta] as a function of time was measured under salt-water spray treatment. [FIGURE 6 OMITTED] [FIGURE 7 OMITTED] [FIGURE 8 OMITTED] Tan [delta] = 1/2[pi]fCR (1) In this equation, f=frequency (Hz); C=electric capacity (Farad); and R=electric resistance ([ohm ohm (ōm) [for G. S. Ohm], unit of electrical resistance, defined as the resistance in a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt creates a current of one ampere; hence, 1 ohm equals 1 volt/ampere. ]). Change of Weight as a Function of Time During Soaking Test in Water Coating compounds were prepared according to Table 3. The coating compounds were poured into trays made from polypropylene, dried, and cured for three weeks at 23[degrees]C-65% RH. Cured sheets were peeled from the trays and used as test pieces. The test pieces were soaked soak v. soaked, soak·ing, soaks v.tr. 1. a. To make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid. b. To immerse in liquid for a period of time. 2. in water and the change in weight as a function of time was measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compatibility of Model Coal Tar Components The compatibility of 15 kinds of model coal tar components to polyurethane was measured by observation. The results are presented in Table 4. Quinoline, 2-naphthol, dibenzofuran, and phenanthrene showed complete compatibility. Naphthalene, biphenyl biphenyl /bi·phen·yl/ (-fen´il) diphenyl. polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) any of a group of chlorinated derivatives of biphenyl, used as heat-transfer agents and electrical insulators; they are , acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene showed partial compatibility. However, carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene ring fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. , anthracene anthracene (ăn`thrəsēn), C14H10, solid organic compound derived from coal tar. It melts at 218°C; and boils at 354°C;. , pelyrene, and coronene showed no compatibility. Quinoline, 2-naphthol, phenanthrene and naphthalene that showed compatibility or partial compatibility were used for the following tests. Effect of Model Coal Tar Components on Tensile Adhesion Strength The tensile adhesion strength of cured polyurethane coatings with quinoline, 2-naphthol, phenanthrene, and naphthalene as model coal tar components to a steel plate was measured. The results are presented in Figure 4. As the contents of the model coal tar component were increased, the tensile adhesion strength increased as well. Maximum tensile adhesion strength was found in the systems with naphthalene, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene. At a low content side, on the basis of maximum tensile adhesion strength, the destruction mode was interfacial. On the other hand, at a high content side, the destruction mode was cohesive cohesive, n the capability to cohere or stick together to form a mass. . Effect of Model Coal Tar Components on Tensile Adhesion Strength During Salt-Water Spray Test Change of tensile adhesion strength as a function of time during salt-water spray treatment was measured on cured coatings, with naphthalene, quinoline, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene as our model coal tar components. The results are presented in Figure 5. We found good adhesive durability only on the system with 2-naphthol. Effect of Model Coal Tar Components on Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus of Cured Coating Sheets Tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of the cured sheets with phenanthrene, 2-naphthol, and quinoline of model coal tar components are presented in Table 5. The tensile strength and modulus of the systems with the previously mentioned model coal tar components decreased and the elongation increased. Regarding the results, we found that these model coal tar components showed a plasticizing effect and phenanthrene was the most effective. As presented in Figure 4, as the amount of model components increased, the tensile adhesion strength increased and showed maximum point. It is known that the plasticizing effect of cured coatings is advantageous to improving tensile adhesion strength. (6-8) The tensile adhesion strength of the cured systems with the model coal tar components possibly increased because of the plasticizing effect of the model coal tar components. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 5, the system with phenathrene could not improve adhesion durability even though phenathrene was an excellent plasticizer plas·ti·ciz·er n. Any of various substances added to plastics or other materials to make or keep them soft or pliable. plasticizer or -ciser Noun . Effect of Model Coal Tar Components on Curing Time of Coatings The relationship between the curing time and content of our model coal tar components is presented in Figure 6. The curing time of the system with quinoline was more rapid than that of the others. However, the curing time of the system with 2-naphthol was longer than the others. Regarding the results of Figures 5 and 6, we found an inverse proportion between curing time and adhesion strength. To understand the relationship between this inverse proportion and internal stress, we decided to measure the internal stress of the cured coatings. Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Cured Sheets with Phenanthrene, 2-Naphthol, and Quinoline The dynamic viscoelasticity of cured sheets with phenathrene, 2-naphthol, and quinoline was measured. The relationship between storage modulus and temperature is presented in Figure 7. [FIGURE 9 OMITTED] The storage modulus of the system with 2-naphtol decreased greatly between 30[degrees]C to 110[degrees]C and then increased at temperatures over 110[degrees]C. On the other hand, the storage modulus of the systems with phenanthrene and quinoline decreased slightly between 30[degrees]C and 110[degrees]C and then increased slightly over 140[degrees]C. As 2-naphthol reacted with an isocyanate group, the crosslinking density of the system decreased. We hypothesized that the reason why the storage modulus of the system with 2-naphthol decreased more than that with phenanthrene and quinoline was due to the decrease of crosslinking density. Also, we hypothesized that the storage modulus of the system increased with 2-naphthol over 140[degrees]C because of a restart To resume computer operation after a planned or unplanned termination. See boot, warm boot and checkpoint/restart. of the crosslinking reaction caused by the reforming of isocyanate groups that were capped with 2-naphthol. [FIGURE 10 OMITTED] [FIGURE 11 OMITTED] The scheme in which 2-naphthol partially reacted with an isocyanate group is shown in Figure 8. The scheme in which phenanthrene was mixed with a polyurethane is shown in Figure 9. The relationship between tan [delta] and temperature is presented in Figure 10. A tan [delta] peak of the system with 2-naphthol shifted more dramatically toward the low temperature side than that of the system without the model coal tar components and the system with phenanthrene and quinoline. The tan [delta] of the system with 2-naphthol at 23[degrees]C was greater than that of the system without the model coal tar components and the system with phenanthrene and quinoline. It is known that high tan [delta] is advantageous for improving tensile adhesion strength, (6) so we believe the adhesion durability of the system with 2-naphthol was excellent because of the high tan [delta] of the system. Electric Anticorrosive Test of Cured Coatings As an electric anticorrosive index, the change in electric tan [delta] of a cured coating as a function of time during salt-water spray treatment was measured. The results are presented in Figure 11. The tan [delta] of cured coatings with naphthalene, quinoline, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene as model coal tar components was a little higher than that of the system without the model coal tar components. These phenomena meant that the electric capacity or electric resistance of the cured coating with our model coal components decreased, i.e., the electric anticorrosive properties decreased slightly. However, we believe that there was no problem with the anticorrosive property because the tan [delta] as an anticorrosive index was below 0.2, which is generally regarded as the critical point for a good anticorrosive index. (5) [FIGURE 12 OMITTED] Soaking Test in Water Cured coatings with naphthalene, quinoline, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene as compatible model coal tar components were soaked in water and the change of weight as a function of time was measured. The results are presented in Figure 12. The weight of the system without our model coal tar components increased and became saturated at 1.5%. We hypothesized that this was a result of the absorption of water and saturation of the absorption. On the other hand, in the systems with our model coal tar components, the change of weight increased and then decreased as a function of time. We believe this was caused by the absorption of water and the effusion effusion /ef·fu·sion/ (e-fu´zhun) 1. escape of a fluid into a part; exudation or transudation. 2. effused material; an exudate or transudate. of the model coal tar components occurring competitively. Since effusion of model coal tar components into water can lead to environmental problems, we must find a solution for the future. CONCLUSIONS In order to study the effect of coal tar components on the anticorrosive properties of a heavy duty anticorrosive coating made of tar-urethane resin, polyurethane coatings with polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as our model coal tar components, were prepared. The compatibility between the 15 kinds of model coal tar components with polyurethane was measured as a screening test. Since naphthalene, quinoline, 2-naphthol, and phenanthrene showed partial or complete compatibility, the tensile adhesion strength of cured polyurethane coatings with above compatible or partial compatible model coal tar components to a steel plate were measured as one index of anticorrosive properties. As the content of the model coal tar components was increased, the tensile adhesion strength of them increased more and the maximum point of tensile adhesion strength was found. We found that elongation of the system with the model coal tar components increased and the modulus decreased. We considered the reason to be due to the fact that the model coal tar components functioned as plasticizers plasticizers mostly triaryl phosphates, such as tricresyl, triphenyl phosphates, which are poisonous. See also triorthocresyl phosphate. . The cured system with 2-naphthol was found to have excellent adhesive durability, i.e., at the change of tensile adhesion strength as a function of time during salt-water spray treatment, we found that only the system with 2-naphthol prevented the deterioration de·te·ri·o·ra·tion n. The process or condition of becoming worse. of tensile adhesion strength. When curing speed was measured, we found that it decreased in the system with 2-naphthol. In addition, when viscoelasticity was measured, we found that as temperature rose, the storage modulus of the system with 2-naphthol decreased more dramatically than that of the system without the model coal tar components and the systems with phenanthrene and quinoline. We believe the system with 2-naphthol showed excellent adhesion durability because the tan [delta] curve shifted to a low temperature side, the tan [delta] at 23[degrees]C increased because the isocyanate group was partially capped by 2-naphthol and then the crosslinking density was decreased.
Table 1 -- Characteristics of Polyol
Equivalent Weight of Viscosity of 50% Solution
Molecular Weight OH Group [g/eq] [Pa * s] (25[degrees]C)
4041 245.3 1.46
Table 2 -- Characteristics of Polyisocyanate
Equivalent Weight of Viscosity of 75% Solution
Molecular Weight NCO Group [g/eq] [Pa * s] (25[degrees]C)
640 213.3 4.66
Table 3 -- Recipe of Coatings
Components phr
Polyol (50% solution) 16.7 ~ 28.7 (100)
Polyisocyanate (75% solution) 12.2 ~ 10.9
Model coal tar component 0 ~ 12.5 (30~150)
Solvent 50.2 ~ 58.6
Total 100
Table 4 -- Compatibility of Model Coal Tar Components
Components 30 phr 50 phr
Naphthalene Compatible (a) Compatible
Quinoline Compatible Compatible
2-Naphthol Compatible Compatible
2-Methylnaphthalene Compatible Compatible
Biphenyl Compatible Compatible
Acenaphthene Compatible Compatible
Fluorene Compatible Compatible
Carbazole Incompatible Incompatible
Dibenzofuran Compatible Compatible
Anthracene Incompatible Incompatible
Phenanthrene Compatible Compatible
Fluoranthene Compatible Compatible
Pyrene Compatible Compatible
Pelyrene Incompatible Incompatible
Coronene Incompatible Incompatible
Components 100 phr 150 phr
Naphthalene Partially compatible (b) Partially compatible
Quinoline Compatible Compatible
2-Naphthol Compatible Compatible
2-Methylnaphthalene Partially compatible Incompatible (c)
Biphenyl Partially compatible Partially compatible
Acenaphthene Partially compatible Partially compatible
Fluorene Partially compatible Partially compatible
Carbazole Incompatible Incompatible
Dibenzofuran Compatible Compatible
Anthracene Incompatible Incompatible
Phenanthrene Compatible Compatible
Fluoranthene Compatible ~ Partially compatible
Partially compatible
Pyrene Partially compatible Partially compatible
Pelyrene Incompatible Incompatible
Coronene Incompatible Incompatible
Table 5 -- Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus of the Cured
Coating Sheets with the Three Kinds of Model Coal Tar Components
Tensile Strength Elongation Modulus
Model Coal Tar Components (Mpa) (%) (Mpa)
Control 55.8 4.4 1437
Phenanthrene 50 phr 38.8 16.3 914
2-Naphthol 30 phr 31.5 5.3 1307
Quinoline 50 phr 44.0 5.1 1016
Presented at the 32nd Adhesion Symposium of the Adhesion Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, June 27-28, 1994. References (1) Kano, H., Hama, S., and Inomata, S., Toryo no Kenkyu, Japan, 129, 78 (1997). (2) Hama, S. and Kano, H., Proc. Annual Symposium on Anti-Rust and Anti-Corrosive Technology Society of Japan, 17, 187, 1997. (3) Akiyama, S., Kobunshi, The Polymer Society of Japan, 29, 819, 1980. (4) ISO 7253 (1984). (5) Sato, Y., Anticorrosive Coating Technology, Japan, p. 95, Kogakutosyo, 1981. (6) Adhesion Handbook, The Adhesion Society of Japan, p. 40, Nikkankogyoushinbunsha, 1996. (7) Tsunoda, S., Adhesion Technology, The Adhesion Society of Japan, 15, (3), 16, 1996. (8) Oki, Y., Adhesion Technology, The Adhesion Society of Japan, 21, (1), 25, 2001. Naoki Yokoyama** and Kenichi Fujino ([dagger]) -- Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.* * R & D Laboratories, Tohtokasei Lab., 3-17-14 Higashi-kasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-0084, Japan ([dagger]) R & D Group, Paints Division, Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., 46-80 Nakabaru Sakinohama, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 804-8503, Japan. ** Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. |
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