Dysuria ? Information on Dysuria

In medicine, specifically urology, dysuria refers to painful urination. This is typically described to be a burning or stinging sensation. It is most often a result of an infection of the urinary tract. It may also be due to an STD, bladder stones, bladder tumours, and virtually any condition of the prostate. It can also occur as a side effect of anticholinergic medication used for Parkinson''s disease.

In medicine, specifically urology, dysuria refers to painful urination. This is typically described to be a burning or stinging sensation. It is most often a result of an infection of the urinary tract. It may also be due to an STD, bladder stones, bladder tumours, and virtually any condition of the prostate. It can also occur as a side effect of anticholinergic medication used for Parkinson''s disease. It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms, which includes frequency of urination and haematuria.

Painful or difficult urination this includes burning on urination. Dysuria is most commonly due to bacterial infection of the urinary tract causing inflammation of the bladder (cystitis) or kidney (pyelonephritis). In women, dysuria may also reflect inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis) or vulva (vulvitis). And in men, dysuria may be due to inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis) or the urethra (urethritis) from gonorrhea or chlamydia. There are many other causes of dysuria including irritation from chemicals in soaps, bubble baths, spermicides, and douches.

Dysuria occurs because of contact of urine with the inflamed atrophic tissues or because there is an increased incidence of UTI. Atrophic vaginitis is common, affecting from 20 to 30% of postmenopausal women. Decreased vaginal secretions, vaginal tenderness and dyspareunia are common. They may also have bloody vaginal spotting, especially after intercourse. Approximately 10 to 15% of women over 60 have frequent urinary tract infections.

Dysuria can occur if the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (urethra) becomes irritated or infected. If your child is too young to talk, suspect dysuria if he or she cries each times him or she urinates. Pyelonephritis is an infection that involves the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis of the kidney. Urethritis is an infection of the urethra. Of these three diseases, pyelonephritis is the one most likely to cause fever. The common causes for cystitis are Escherichia coli, Proteus group, and Staphylococcus saprophiticus. In catherized patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most likely cause.

Symptoms are often nonspecific but may help identify the site of infection or inflammation (eg, periurethral symptoms suggest urethritis or vaginitis; suprapubic symptoms suggest cystitis). History of frequent UTIs suggests recurrence. Vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, and use of douches or other topical agents suggests vaginosis, vulvovaginitis, or vestibulitis. Fever or flank pain suggests pyelonephritis. Back or joint pain or conjunctivitis suggests spondyloarthropathy.

The most common age range for this complaint is 24 to 54 years old. The infection is also thought to be contracted more easily by people who are sexually active. Genital herpes is one infection that can cause dysuria. Escherichea coli is the most common infection that causes dysuria. However, the type of infection depends on which part of the genitourinary tract is affected. The different types of infection include cystitis, vulvitis, urethritis and vaginitis.

Treatment of urinary frequency and /or dysuria depends the identified cause. For instance, if certain medications are causing these symptoms, they may need to be changed. Infections of the urinary tract are treated with the antibiotics. If a mass suspected of being a cancer is found anywhere in the urinary tract, referral to a urologist (urinary tract specialist) is necessary to guide further tests and treatment. In the case of a cancer being present, management is dependent on the type of cancer, location and how advanced it is (the stage), but the main types of treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immune therapy.

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