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Drug Induced Liver Injury Expected to Increase with Almost Half of All Americans Now Using Prescription Drugs.


VANCOUVER, British Columbia -- HepaLife Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB OTCBB

See OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB).
:HPLF), a development stage biotechnology company focused on the research, development and eventual commercialization of technologies and products for liver toxicity detection and the treatment of various forms of liver dysfunction and disease, today announces its expectations of increased drug induced liver injuries and adverse drug reactions due to a dramatic rise in prescription drug prescription drug Prescription medication Pharmacology An FDA-approved drug which must, by federal law or regulation, be dispensed only pursuant to a prescription–eg, finished dose form and active ingredients subject to the provisos of the Federal Food, Drug,  usage amongst Americans, with almost half of the population now taking at least one prescription drug and one person in every six taking three or more (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), agency of the U.S. Public Health Service since 1973, with headquarters in Atlanta; it was established in 1946 as the Communicable Disease Center. , December 2, 2004).

"The recent CDC See Control Data, century date change and Back Orifice.

CDC - Control Data Corporation
 report highlights the fact that we're living in an over-medicated society and confirms why we have such a high incidence of drug induced liver disease Liver Disease Definition

Liver disease is a general term for any damage that reduces the functioning of the liver.
Description

The liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen.
," states Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, Chairman of HepaLife. "When taking multiple drugs there is the chance of interactions, making some medications ineffective, or worse still, causing serious harm to the liver - the main organ in the body responsible for the detoxification Detoxification Definition

Detoxification is one of the more widely used treatments and concepts in alternative medicine. It is based on the principle that illnesses can be caused by the accumulation of toxic substances (toxins) in the body.
 of drugs. When drugs are ingested in high amounts, or in combinations with other drugs, alcohol or poisons, the toxic overload can destroy the liver quickly."

Adverse drug reactions are an increasingly important clinical problem in medicine today and rank among the ten most common causes of death (Hepatotoxicity hepatotoxicity (hepˑ··tō·t  Clinical Research Network). While drug induced liver injury occurs in all age groups, a greater percentage occurs in the elderly, where five out of six persons 65 and older are taking at least one medication and almost half of the elderly take three or more. Drug induced liver injury is also the most common reason why drugs are not approved by FDA FDA
abbr.
Food and Drug Administration


FDA,
n.pr See Food and Drug Administration.

FDA,
n.pr the abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration.
 (about one third of all drugs fail pre-clinical or clinical trials due to the toxic nature of the compounds being tested) or are removed from the market following FDA approval. Examples of recent post-market discoveries include Accolate (asthma drug), Duract (analgesic analgesic (ăn'əljē`zĭk), any of a diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. Analgesic drugs include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, and synthetic drugs  and anesthetic) and Rezulin (diabetes), all linked to liver damage.

In response to the growing number of individuals suffering from liver disease as a result of drug overdoses or interactions, rampant alcohol abuse and the worldwide hepatitis epidemic, HepaLife Technologies is developing the first of its kind artificial liver artificial liver Biotech A cartridge with cloned human liver cells, through which blood flows to facilitate removal of waste products. See Extracorporeal liver assist device, Liver dialysis.  device incorporating the PICM-19H cell line, which has now been in continuous culture for over two years without presenting any detectable changes in hepatocyte hepatocyte /hep·a·to·cyte/ (hep´ah-to-sit?) a hepatic cell.

hep·a·to·cyte
n.
A parenchymal liver cell.


Hepatocyte
A liver cell.
 morphology and function, a significant achievement.

Hepatocytes, the major cell type comprising the liver, perform the important task of metabolizing or detoxifying drug compounds that enter the body. This is accomplished primarily through cytochrome cytochrome (sī`təkrōm'), protein containing heme (see coenzyme) that participates in the phase of biochemical respiration called oxidative phosphorylation.  P450 enzymes that are abundantly expressed in hepatocytes. Therefore, hepatocytes grown in culture dishes (in vitro in vitro /in vi·tro/ (in ve´tro) [L.] within a glass; observable in a test tube; in an artificial environment.

in vi·tro
adj.
In an artificial environment outside a living organism.
), have application for the rapid screening of multiple drug candidates in order to predict potential liver toxicity and liver-specific pharmacological characteristics prior to clinical testing.

The PICM-19H cells grown in vitro synthesize liver specific proteins such as albumin and transferrin transferrin /trans·fer·rin/ (-fer´in) a glycoprotein mainly produced in the liver, binding and transporting iron, closely related to the apoferritin of the intestinal mucosa.

trans·fer·rin
n.
, and display enhanced liver-specific functions such as ureagenesis and cytochrome P450 activity. As a result, HepaLife, using its exclusive cell line, plans to develop proprietary in vitro toxicological and pre-clinical drug testing platforms that will more accurately determine the potential toxicity and metabolism of new pharmacological compounds in the liver.

ABOUT HEPALIFE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

HepaLife Technologies, Inc. (OTCBB:HPLF) is a development stage biotechnology company focused on the research, development and eventual commercialization of technologies and products for liver toxicity detection and the treatment of various forms of liver dysfunction and disease.

Currently, HepaLife is concentrating its efforts on creating the first-of-its-kind artificial liver device and developing proprietary in vitro toxicology In vitro toxicology is the scientific analysis of the effects of toxic chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. In vitro (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm  and pre-clinical drug testing platforms.

Artificial Liver Device

Presently, through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement “CRADA” redirects here. For other uses, see CRADA (disambiguation).

A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) is an agreement between a government agency and a private company to work together.
, HepaLife Technologies is working towards optimizing the hepatic functionality of the patented PICM-19 cell line. The hepatic characteristics of the PICM-19 cell line have been demonstrated to have potential application in the production of an artificial liver device for use by human patients with liver failure liver failure Clinical medicine Liver insufficiency that results in death, requires a liver transplant, or is characterized by recovery after encephalopathy, or while awaiting a transplant; also defined as a condition with ≥ 3 of following: albumin < 3. .

With 25 million Americans suffering from liver disease, the need for an artificial liver device able to remove toxins and improve immediate and long-term survival results is more critical today than ever before. Limited treatment options, a low number of donor organs, the high price of transplants and follow up costs, a growing base of hepatitis, alcohol abuse, drug overdoses, and other factors that result in liver disease all clearly indicate a strong need for an artificial liver device.

In Vitro Toxicology Testing

Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage caused by medications and other chemical compounds, is the single most common reason leading to drug withdrawal or refusal of drug approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In fact, about one third of all drugs fail pre-clinical or clinical trials due to the toxic nature of the compounds being tested, costing pharmaceutical companies around $2 billion annually on such toxicity-related drug failures.

With the cost to develop an FDA approved drug approaching $1 billion and taking 10 to 15 years, a 10% improvement in predicting failures before clinical trials could save $100 million in development costs per drug. Despite efforts to develop better methods, most of the tools used for toxicology and human safety testing are decades old.

The PICM-19 cells grown in vitro synthesize liver specific proteins such as albumin and transferrin, and display enhanced liver-specific functions such as ureagenesis and cytochrome P450 activity. As a result, HepaLife, using the patented PICM-19 cell line, plans to develop proprietary in vitro toxicological and pre-clinical drug testing platforms that will more accurately determine the potential toxicity and metabolism of new pharmacological compounds in the liver.

For additional information, please visit www.hepalife.com

To receive future press releases via email, please visit http://www.hepalife.com/Alerts-Index.asp

Legal Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are based upon current expectations or beliefs, as well as a number of assumptions about future events. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and the assumptions upon which they are based are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations and assumptions will prove to have been correct. The reader is cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, as these statements are subject to numerous factors and uncertainties, including but not limited to adverse economic conditions, intense competition, lack of meaningful research results, entry of new competitors and products, adverse federal, state and local government regulation, inadequate capital, unexpected costs and operating deficits, increases in general and administrative costs administrative costs,
n.pl the overhead expenses incurred in the operation of a dental benefits program, excluding costs of dental services provided.
, termination of contracts or agreements, technological obsolescence ob·so·les·cent  
adj.
1. Being in the process of passing out of use or usefulness; becoming obsolete.

2. Biology Gradually disappearing; imperfectly or only slightly developed.
 of the Company's products, technical problems with the Company's research and products, price increases for supplies and components, litigation An action brought in court to enforce a particular right. The act or process of bringing a lawsuit in and of itself; a judicial contest; any dispute.

When a person begins a civil lawsuit, the person enters into a process called litigation.
 and administrative proceedings involving the Company, the possible acquisition of new businesses or technologies that result in operating losses or that do not perform as anticipated, unanticipated losses, the possible fluctuation and volatility of the Company's operating results, financial condition and stock price, losses incurred in litigating and settling cases, dilution in the Company's ownership of its business, adverse publicity and news coverage, inability to carry out research, development and commercialization plans, loss or retirement of key executives and research scientists, changes in interest rates, inflationary factors, and other specific risks. In addition, other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are discussed in the Company's most recent Form 10-QSB and Form 10-KSB filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
COPYRIGHT 2004 Business Wire
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2004, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

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Publication:Business Wire
Date:Dec 15, 2004
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