Deswell Industries announces third quarter results.HONG n. 1. A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage. KONG--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jan. 27, 1997-- Sales Increase 71%, Net Income Up 51% Deswell Industries, Inc. (NASDAQ NASDAQ in full National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations U.S. market for over-the-counter securities. Established in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), NASDAQ is an automated quotation system that reports on NM: DSWLF and DSWWF) (the "Company") today announced its results for the third quarter ended December December: see month. 31, 1996. Net sales Net Sales The amount a seller receives from the buyer after costs associated with the sale are deducted. Notes: This amount is calculated by subtracting the following items from gross sales: merchandise returned for credit, allowances for damaged or missing goods, freight were $13.3 million, an increase of 71% compared to sales of $7.8 million in the third quarter ended December 31, 1995. Operating income Operating Income The profit realized from a business' own operations. Notes: This would not include income from things such as investments in other firms. Also referred to as operating profit or recurring profit. increased 53% to $3.2 million, compared to $2.1 million in the previous year, and net income increased 51% to $2.7 million, compared to $1.8 million in the previous year. Earnings per share increased 50% to $0.59 (based on 4,601,000 weighted average shares outstanding), compared to $0.40 (based on 4,550,000 weighted average shares outstanding) in the third quarter ended December 31, 1995. Net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 were $31.9 million, an increase of 38% compared to sales of $23.1 million for the corresponding period in 1995. Operating income increased 48% to $8.0 million, compared to $5.4 million in the previous year, and net income increased 47% to $6.5 million, compared to $4.4 million in the previous year. Earnings per share increased 31% to $1.42 (based on 4,579,000 weighted average shares outstanding), compared to $1.09 (based on 4,082,000 weighted average shares outstanding) for the nine months ended December 1995. Mr. Richard Ri·chard , Joseph Henri Maurice Known as "Rocket." 1921-2000. Canadian hockey player. A right wing for the Montreal Canadiens (1942-1960), he led his team to eight Stanley Cup championships and was the first player to score 50 goals in a Lau, Chief Executive Officer commented, "I am pleased to report that Deswell's strong earnings growth continued during the third quarter. In addition to increased volume from existing customers, this quarter's results begin to show the benefits of our Kwanta Precision Metal Products Co. Ltd. acquisition. In its first three months as a subsidiary of Deswell, Kwanta has already contributed $790,000 in revenues. Moreover, the construction of the 60,000 square foot new factory of Kwanta in Douggan, China and the installation of new machinery in it will be completed by March 1997. This acquisition provides us with new business opportunities and will accelerate Deswell's expansion. Furthermore, during the quarter we leased an additional 40,000 square feet of factory space in Shenzhen Shenzhen (shĕn`jŭn`), city (1994 est. pop. 695,600), S Guangdong prov., China, on the South China Sea, N of Hong Kong. Designated a special economic zone in 1979, the city's spectacular economic growth led China to create over a dozen more , China to meet the demand for our injection molded mold 1 n. 1. A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance. 2. A frame or model around or on which something is formed or shaped. 3. Something that is made in or shaped on a mold. plastic products, bringing our total production space to 225,000 square feet and providing us with the capacity to carry us through 1997." Mr. Lau continued, "Our financial position continues to be strong. Working capital was $16.4 million as of December 31, 1996, versus $15.4 million as of March 31, 1996, and our current ratio was 3.2, with no long term debt." Mr. Lau concluded, "Our strong financial performance continues to be driven by increasing customer demand, the successful Kwanta acquisition and additional production capacity. We are optimistic op·ti·mist n. 1. One who usually expects a favorable outcome. 2. A believer in philosophical optimism. op that Deswell will achieve all of its goals for the remainder of the year." Deswell manufactures injection-molded plastic parts and components and electronic products and subassemblies for original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and contract manufacturers at its factories in the People's Republic People's Republic n. A political organization founded and controlled by a national Communist party. of China. The Company produces a wide variety of plastic parts and components used in the manufacture of consumer and industrial products; printed circuit board assemblies using surface mount ("SMT (1) (Surface Mount Technology) See surface mount. (2) (Station ManagemenT) An FDDI network management protocol that provides direct management. Only one node requires the software. SMT - Station Management "), and pin- through hole ("PTH PTH abbr. parathyroid hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A chemical substance produced by the parathyroid glands. This hormone is a major element in regulating calcium in the body. ") interconnection in·ter·con·nect v. in·ter·con·nect·ed, in·ter·con·nect·ing, in·ter·con·nects v.intr. To be connected with each other: The two buildings interconnect. v.tr. technologies; and finished products such as telephones, telephone answering machines, sophisticated studio-quality audio equipment and computer peripherals. The Company's customers include Mita Industries (H.K.) Limited, Nam Nam Vietnam. NAM (US) n abbr (= National Association of Manufacturers) → nationaler Verband der verarbeitenden Industrie Tai Tai, lake, China Tai (tī), lake, c.1,300 sq mi (3,370 sq km), on the border between Jiangsu prov. and Zhejiang prov., E China; second largest freshwater lake in China. Dotted with islands, it is one of China's most scenic areas. Electronics (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd., Inter-Tel Incorporated, Behringer BEHRINGER Spezielle Studiotechnik GmbH (Behringer) is a German audio equipment manufacturer, founded in its present form in 1989. Products The company designs and manufactures audio products, including public address systems, mixing consoles, amplifiers and spezeiller studiotechnik GmbH GmbH Gesellschaft mit Beschränkter Haftung (German: limited liability company; business entity) , Prod-Art Company Limited and Shakespeare (H.K.) Limited. -0-
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Quarter ended Nine months ended
December 31, December 31,
1996 1995 1996 1995
Net sales $ 13,323 $ 7,778 $ 31,864 $ 23,093
Cost of sales 7,560 4,169 18,118 13,676
Gross profit 5,763 3,609 13,746 9,417
Selling, general and
administrative expenses 2,545 1,500 5,719 3,995
Operating income 3,218 2,109 8,027 5,422
Interest expense (11) (28) (48) (157)
Other income, net 162 136 323 275
Income before income taxes 3,369 2,217 8,302 5,540
Income taxes 11 46 162 113
Income before minority
interests 3,358 2,171 8,140 5,427
Minority interests 625 365 1,627 990
Net income $ 2,733 $ 1,806 $ 6,513 $ 4,437
Earnings per share $ 0.59 $ 0.40 $ 1.42 $ 1.09
Average number of shares
outstanding 4,601 4,550 4,580 4,082
(in thousands)
-0-
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
December 31, March 31,
1996 1996
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,844 $ 8,920
Restricted cash 2,845 2,248
Accounts receivable, net 6,119 4,142
Inventories 5,294 2,932
Prepaid expenses and other
current assets 1,135 495
Income taxes receivable 484 266
Total current assets 23,721 19,003
Property, plant and
equipment - net 11,744 7,369
Goodwill 411 248
Total assets $ 35,876 $ 26,620
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings $ 60 $ 81
Current portion of
long-term debt - 395
Accounts payable 4,290 2,111
Customer deposits and accrued
expenses 2,774 1,017
Income taxes payable 202 46
Total current liabilities 7,326 3,650
Minority interests 3,257 1,884
Deferred income tax 11 11
Shareholders' equity
Common stock
- authorized 20,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding 4,600,500
shares at December 31, 1996
and 4,550,000 shares at
March 31, 1996 46 46
Additional paid-in capital 12,196 11,747
Retained earnings 13,040 9,282
Total shareholders' equity 25,282 21,075
Total liabilities and
shareholders' equity $ 35,876 $ 26,620
-0-
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended
December 31,
1996 1995
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 6,513 $ 4,437
Adjustments to reconcile net
income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,614 999
Loss on disposal of property,
plant and equipment 3 24
Minority interests 1,373 989
Changes in current assets and
liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable (1,977) (1,964)
Increase in inventories (2,362) (649)
Increase in prepaid expenses and
other current assets (640) (114)
Increase in income taxes receivable (218) (13)
Increase in accounts payable 2,179 95
Increase in customer deposits and
accrued expenses 1,757 943
Increase in income taxes payable 156 172
Net cash provided by operating
activities 8,398 4,919
Cash flows from investing activities
Increase in restricted cash (597) (1,293)
Proceeds from disposal of property,
plant and equipment 26 -
Acquisition of subsidiary (excluding
cash acquired) (177) -
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment (6,004) (4,046)
Net cash used in investing activities (6,752) (5,339)
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash from issued shares under IPO
(adjusted for expenses already
paid at March 31, 1995 of $265) - 8,164
Additional shares issued 449 -
Dividends paid (2,755) -
Increase in long-term debt - 729
Repayment of long-term debt (395) (829)
Increase in short-term borrowings 67 377
Repayment of short-term borrowings (88) (2,267)
Net cash (used in)/provided by
financing activities (2,722) 6,174
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents (1,076) 5,754
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning
of period 8,920 1,144
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of
period 7,844 6,898
Supplementary disclosures of cashflow information :
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest 48 158
Income taxes 233 45
Acquisition of subsidiary, excluding
cash acquired:
Fair value of assets acquired 1,005 0
Goodwill 177 0
Liabilities assumed (652) 0
Minority interests (353) 0
Cash paid, net of cash acquired 177 0
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Financial Statements The combined financial statements of a parent company and its subsidiaries. Notes: Because consolidated financial statements present an aggregated look at the financial position of a parent and its subsidiaries, they enable you to gauge (U.S. dollars in thousands except per share data) 1. Management's Statement In the opinion of Management, the accompanying ac·com·pa·ny v. ac·com·pa·nied, ac·com·pa·ny·ing, ac·com·pa·nies v.tr. 1. To be or go with as a companion. 2. unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (all of which are normal and recurring re·cur intr.v. re·curred, re·cur·ring, re·curs 1. To happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly. 2. To return to one's attention or memory. 3. To return in thought or discourse. in nature) necessary to present fairly the financial position of Deswell Industries, Inc. (the Company) at December 31, 1996 and March 31, 1996, the results of operations for the quarters and nine months ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995, and the cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995. The notes to the Consolidated con·sol·i·date v. con·sol·i·dat·ed, con·sol·i·dat·ing, con·sol·i·dates v.tr. 1. To unite into one system or whole; combine: Financial Statements which are contained in the Form 20-F Annual Report filed on July July: see month. 12, 1996 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 should be read in conjunction conjunction, in astronomy conjunction, in astronomy, alignment of two celestial bodies as seen from the earth. Conjunction of the moon and the planets is often determined by reference to the sun. with these Consolidated Financial Statements. 2. Inventories December 31, March 31, 1996 1996 Inventories by major categories: Raw materials $ 2,665 $ 1,881 Work in progress 898 340 Finished goods 1,731 711 $ 5,294 $ 2,932 ======= ======= 3. Public Offering of Common Shares and Warrants In July 1995, the company completed its initial public offering in the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. (the "IPO (Initial Public Offering) The first time a company offers shares of stock to the public. While not a computer term per se, many founders, employees and insiders of computer companies have found this acronym more exciting than any tech term they ever heard. ") of 1,000,000 Common Shares at $8.625 per share and 1,000,000 Warrants at $0.01 per Warrant (each two Warrants exercisable at $9.056 ($4.528 per Warrant) to purchase one Common Share) and the issuance in August 1995 of an additional 150,000 Common Shares and 150,000 Warrants upon the exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters in the IPO. The net proceeds from this offering aggregated approximately ap·prox·i·mate adj. 1. Almost exact or correct: the approximate time of the accident. 2. $7,903. In July 1996, Stock Options of 38,500 Common Shares and Advisor's Option of 8,000 Common Shares and 8,000 Warrants were exercised respectively. 3. Earnings Per Share The primary earnings per share is computed on the net income divided by the weighted average number of Common Shares in issue throughout the relevant periods. The weighted average number of Common Shares in 1996 takes account of the IPO 1,000,000 Common Shares issued in July 1995, the Over-allotment 150,000 Common Shares issued in August 1995 and the additional Common Shares issued upon the exercise of Stock Options and Advisor's Option in July 1996. The weighted average number of Common Shares in 1995 takes account of both the IPO 1,000,000 Common Shares issued in July 1995 and the Over-allotment 150,000 Common Shares issued in August 1995. The Stock Options and Warrants outstanding as at December 31, 1996 did not dilute di·lute v. To reduce a solution or mixture in concentration, quality, strength, or purity, as by adding water. adj. Thinned or weakened by diluting. the primary earnings per share by 3% or more. 4. Acquisition of Subsidiary In October October: see month. 1996, the Company acquired a controlling (33.1%) interest in Kwanta Precision Metal Products Co. Ltd. ("Kwanta") from its three former shareholders for $177 in cash, since which time it has controlled the strategic, financial and operational policies and decisions of Kwanta. This acquisition has been accounted for as a purchase and the results of Kwanta have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The cost of acquisition exceeded the fair value of the net assets Net assets The difference between total assets on the one hand and current liabilities and noncapitalized long-term liabilities on the other hand. net assets See owners' equity. acquired by $177 and this is recorded as goodwill. -0- DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC. MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Results of Operations General The Company's revenues are derived de·rive v. de·rived, de·riv·ing, de·rives v.tr. 1. To obtain or receive from a source. 2. from the manufacture and sale of (i) injection-molded plastic parts and components, (ii) electronic products and subassemblies and (iii) metallic parts and components. The Company carries out all of its manufacturing operations Manufacturing operations concern the operation of a facility, as opposed to maintenance, supply and distribution, health, and safety, emergency response, human resources, security, information technology and other infrastructural support organizations. in southern China, where it is able to take advantage of the lower overhead costs overhead costs see fixed costs. and inexpensive labor rates as compared to Hong Kong Hong Kong (hŏng kŏng), Mandarin Xianggang, special administrative region of China, formerly a British crown colony (2005 est. pop. 6,899,000), land area 422 sq mi (1,092 sq km), adjacent to Guangdong prov. . Three Months Ended December 31, 1996 Compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 1995 The Company's net sales for the three months ended December 31, 1996 were $13,323,000, an increase of $5,545,000 or 71.3% as compared to corresponding period in 1995. The increase in sales was mainly related to additional sales of injection-molded plastic, electronic products and metallic products of $2,550,000, $2,205,000 and $790,000 respectively, or increases of 52.9%, 74.5% and 100% as compared with the net sales in the corresponding period in the prior year. The metallic product operation is generated from a newly acquired subsidiary. Moreover, the Company has generated higher volume demands from its customers in this year as a result of the continuous efforts of striving for high quality standards of products. The gross profit for the quarter ended December 31, 1996 was $5,763,000, representing a gross profit margin Gross profit margin Gross profit divided by sales, which is equal to each sales dollar left over after paying for the cost of goods sold. gross profit margin A measure calculated by dividing gross profit by net sales. of 43.3%. This compares with the overall gross profit and gross profit margin of $3,609,000 or 46.4% for the quarter ended December 31, 1995. There was a slight decrease in the overall gross profit margin of 3.1%. The margin on the sale of plastic parts and components decreased slightly to 46.0% as compared to 48.6% in the previous year, with a total gross profit margin contribution of $3,389,000 in 1996, an increase of $1,047,000 from the previous year. The gross profit margin on sales of electronic orders and subassemblies decreased slightly 41.2% compared to 42.8% in the previous year, with a total gross profit contribution of $2,130,000, compared to $1,267,000 in the previous year. The gross profit margin on the sales of metallic parts and components was 30.9% in the quarter ended December 31, 1996. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the quarter ended December 31, 1996 were $2,545,000, amounting to 19.1% of total net sales, as compared to $1,500,000 or 19.3% of total net sales for the quarter ended December 31, 1995. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $1,045,000 over the corresponding period was largely due to the growth in the Company's operations. As a result of the increase in net sales, operating income was $3,218,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 1996, an increase of $1,109,000 or 52.6% as compared with the corresponding quarter in the prior year. Minority interests represent the 49% and 66.9% minority interest in the electronics and metallic subsidiaries respectively. The increase in minority interest to $625,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 1996 from $365,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 1995 reflects the fact that the electronic business generated significant profits in the current period as compared to the corresponding period in 1995. As the operation of metallic subsidiary is in preliminary stage, the operating results and the minority interest effects were not material in the quarter ended December 31, 1996. As a result of the above factors, net income was $2,733,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 1996, an increase of $927,000 or 51.3%, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 1995 and net income as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly to 20.5% from 23.2%. Nine Months Ended December 31, 1996 Compared to Nine Months Ended December 31, 1995 The Company's net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 were $31,864,000, an increase of $8,771,000 or 38.0% as compared to corresponding period in 1995. The increase in sales was mainly related to additional sales of injection-molded plastic, electronic and metallic products of $3,976,000, $4,005,000 and $790,000 respectively, or increases of 27.6%, 46.0% and 100% respectively as compared with the net sales in the corresponding period in the prior year. The Company has generated higher volume demands from its customers in this year as a result of the continuous efforts of striving for high quality standards of products. The gross profit for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 was $13,746,000, representing a gross profit margin of 43.1%. This compares with the overall gross profit and gross profit margin of $9,417,000 or 40.8% for the nine months ended December 31, 1995. There was a slight increase in the overall gross profit margin of 2.3%. The margin on the sale of plastic parts and components increased to 43.0% as compared to 40.3% in the previous year, and the total gross profit margin contributed was $7,894,000 in 1996, an increase of $2,096,000 from the previous year. The gross profit margin on sales of electronic orders and subassemblies increased as the Company concentrated its efforts on securing orders with higher margins. Gross margins on these products increased to 44.1% compared to 41.5% in the previous year, with a total gross profit contribution of $5,608,000, compared to $3,619,000 in the previous year. The gross profit margin on the sales of metallic parts and components was 30.9% for the nine months ended December 31, 1996. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 were $5,719,000, amounting to 17.9% of total net sales, as compared to $3,995,000 or 17.3% of total net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 1995. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $1,724,000 over the corresponding period was largely due to the growth in the Company's operations. As a result of the increase in net sales, operating income was $8,027,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 1996, an increase of $2,605,000 or 48.0% as compared with the corresponding period in the prior year. Minority interests represent the 49% and 66.9% minority interest in the electronics and metallic subsidiaries respectively. The increase in minority interest to $1,627,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 1996 from $990,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 1995 reflects the fact that the electronic business generated significant profits in the current period as compared to the corresponding period in 1995. As the operation of metallic subsidiary is in preliminary stage, the operating results and the minority interest effects were not material in the nine months ended December 31, 1996. As a result of the above factors, net income was $6,513,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 1996, an increase of $2,076,000 or 46.8%, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 1995 and net income as a percentage of net sales increased to 20.4% from 19.2%. Liquidity and Capital Resources Prior to the Company's IPO, the Company has relied primarily upon internally generated funds and short-term Short-term Any investments with a maturity of one year or less. short-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss on the value of an asset that has been held less than a specified period of time. borrowings (including trade finance facilities) to finance its operations and expansion, although capital expenditure has been partly financed by long-term debt Long-Term Debt Loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Notes: For example debts obligations such as bonds and notes which have maturities greater than one year would be considered long-term debt. , including capital leases. After the IPO, the Company has utilized part of its net proceeds Net Proceeds The amount received after all costs are deducted from the sale of a piece of property or security. Notes: In the case of an investor selling a security, net proceeds represent the proceeds from the sale minus any trading costs (i.e. commissions). of the IPO and its internally generated funds to finance its capital expansion. During the nine months ended December 31, 1996, the Company has increased its net capital assets capital assets n. equipment, property, and funds owned by a business. (See: capital, capital account) by $4,375,000. At December 31, 1996, the Company had a working capital surplus of $16,395,000. This compares with a working capital surplus of $15,353,000 at March 31, 1996. The increase in working capital was mainly attributed to net cash generated from its operations. The Company has generated sufficient funds from its operating activities to finance its operations and there is little need for external financing In the theory of capital structure, External financing is the phrase used to describe funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm. It is contrasted to internal financing which consists mainly of profits retained by the firm for investment. other than short-term borrowings which are used to finance accounts receivable accounts receivable n. the amounts of money due or owed to a business or professional by customers or clients. Generally, accounts receivable refers to the total amount due and is considered in calculating the value of a business or the business' problems in paying and are generally paid from cash generated from operations and long-term debt used to finance capital expenditure. The Company has outstanding short-term borrowings of $60,000 at December 31, 1996 and has no long-term debt outstanding. The Company has repaid all of its long-term Long-term Three or more years. In the context of accounting, more than 1 year. long-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss in the value of a security that has been held over a specific length of time. Compare short-term. capital leases as at December 31, 1996. At December 31, 1996, the Company had in place general banking facilities with three financial institutions aggregating approximately $8,269,000. Such facilities, which are subject to annual review, include overdrafts, letters of credit, import facilities, trust receipt financing, inward in·ward adj. 1. Located inside; inner. 2. Directed or moving toward the interior: an inward flow. 3. bills financing as well as fixed loans. At December 31, 1996, the Company had (i) unused credit facilities credit facilities npl → facilidades fpl de crédito credit facilities npl → facilités fpl de paiement credit facilities of $8,208,000 (ii) cash and cash equivalents of $7,844,000 and (iii) restricted cash of $2,845,000, which has been pledged pledge n. 1. A solemn binding promise to do, give, or refrain from doing something: signed a pledge never to reveal the secret; a pledge of money to a charity. 2. a. as collateral collateral (kəlăt`ərəl), something of value given or pledged as security for payment of a loan. Collateral consists usually of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and negotiable paper, rather than physical goods, although for those credit facilities. The Company expects that working capital requirements Capital requirements Financing required for the operation of a business, composed of long-term and working capital plus fixed assets. and capital additions will be funded through a combination of internally generated funds, existing facilities and the proceeds of IPO. CONTACT: Lippert/Heilshorn & Associates John Nesbett, ext. 101 212-838-3777 E-MAIL e-mail: see electronic mail. in full electronic mail Messages and other data exchanged between individuals using computers in a network. : JGN JGN Japan Gigabit Network (telecommunications network) @LHAI.COM (1) (Computer Output Microfilm) Creating microfilm or microfiche from the computer. A COM machine receives print-image output from the computer either online or via tape or disk and creates a film image of each page. |
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