Demand expansion forecast for iron, diecast aluminum: due to reduced U.S. capacity in certain production segments, casting buyers may have to look to imports to meet specific needs.Based on interviews of casting end users in the U.S., Stratecasts, Inc. has forecast 2006 demand and supply of metal castings Metal casting A metal-forming process whereby molten metal is poured into a cavity or mold and, when cooled, solidifies and takes on the characteristic shape of the mold. by weight classes, casting processes and market sectors. The results and analyses have been summarized in the following tables classified under the major cast metals. As shown, the lower weight range classes continue to dominate the demand in most market sectors, however, some of the other weight classes and casting processes are expected to show growth for specific metals in the years ahead. The lack of domestic supply in some casting processes and weight classifications, caused by facility closings and loss of capacity, has resulted in domestic shortages causing consumers to be dependent on imports to meet casting requirements. Expansion is forecast in the lower iron weight classes to meet demand. Gray Iron The forecast 2006 demand for gray iron castings of various production quantities and weight classes in the major market sectors of casting consumption is shown in Table 1. Each weight class is reported in medium-to-high (M/H M/H Man Hours Prod.) and low production (Low Prod.) quantity categories. The M/H production quantities are those that have production runs of more than 50 molds and are made on automatic and semi-automatic Semi-automatic may refer to:
(Founding) A machine to assist in making molds for castings. See also: Molding Molding and high production cope and drag In foundry work, the terms Cope and Drag refer to the upper and lower parts of a two-part casting flask, used in sand casting. The flask is a wood or metal frame, which contains the molding sand, providing support to the sand as the metal is poured into the mold. machines. The low production quantity castings are those made on jolt-squeeze machines, rotolifts, cope and drag molding molding, in architecture, furniture, and decorative objects, a surface or group of surfaces of projecting or receding contours. A molding may serve as a defining element, terminating a unit or an entire composition (e.g. "machines, and on the floor in green sand and nobake molds. It is forecast that 1.63 million tons (Transparent Optical Networking Services) A marketing term for providing dark fiber to a customer. The customer is responsible for generating the transmission signal and interpreting it at the other end. See dark fiber. of medium to high production gray iron casting demand is to be in the 0-50 lb. range. This is 42.5% of the total M/H quantity. The demand/supply ratio of this class of castings is 0.96, indicating only a 4% supply surplus. The 50-150 lb. class of M/H production is forecast to be slightly lower at 1.1 million tons because of the loss of engine block and cylinder cylinder, in mathematics, surface generated by a line moving parallel to a given fixed line and continually intersecting a given fixed curve called the directrix; each line of the family of lines forming the cylinder is called a ruling, or generator. head production and a shortage of domestic supply capacity in gasoline gasoline or petrol, light, volatile mixture of hydrocarbons for use in the internal-combustion engine and as an organic solvent, obtained primarily by fractional distillation and "cracking" of petroleum, but also obtained from natural gas, by and diesel engine castings. The shortage of domestic supply is 111,000 tons. The demand/supply (D/S D/S Downstream D/S Duty Station D/S Duration of Status (immigration) D/S Dominance and Submission D/S Downsize D/S Design Standard D/S Dynamic/Static D/S Digital to Synchro ) ratio is forecast at 0.95 in 2006, up from 0.87 in 2005 because of a loss of 500,000 tons in supply and a 60,000-ton gain in imports Motor Vehicle--The demand for M/H quantity castings in the 0-5 weight range is predicted at 807,000 tons in 2006, 2% more than 2004 based on the forecasted production of 12 million light vehicles. It is expected that 483,000 tons of gray iron castings are to be produced in the 50-150 lb. range. This is a big reduction from former years because of the conversion of engine castings to aluminum. A continued loss in this weight range is forecast. Diesel Engine--The high production of medium to heavy trucks has caused an increase in the demand for M/H castings in the 50-150 lb. and 150-300 lb. ranges to 318,000 tons. Because of the loss of production capacity in the U.S., imports are more than 50% of demand. Household Appliances--The use of gray iron in this market sector continues to decline based on the conversion to light metals (Chem.) the metallic elements of the alkali and alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.; also, sometimes, the metals of the earths, as aluminium. See also: Metal and plastic. It is forecast that the demand in 2006 for gray iron castings in the less-than-50-lb, range will decrease to a new low of 41,000 tons. Refrigeration/AC---Though much of the demand for gray iron in the 0-50 lb. range has been decreased because of the usage of lost foam and shell molding for compressor compressor, machine that decreases the volume of air or other gas by the application of pressure. Compressor types range from the simple hand pump and the piston-equipped compressor used to inflate tires to machines that use a rotating, bladed element to achieve castings, it is expected that 101,000 tons will be consumed con·sume v. con·sumed, con·sum·ing, con·sumes v.tr. 1. To take in as food; eat or drink up. See Synonyms at eat. 2. a. in 2006. Pumps & Compressors--Based on the expected rebound rebound (rē´bownd), n/v 1. a recovery from illness. n 2. an outbreak of fresh reflex activity after withdrawal of a stimulus rebound adjective and expansion in this market sector in 2006, an increase in the demand of 300-700-lb. and greater-than-700-lb, castings to 57,000 and 46,000 tons, respectively, is forecast. Ductile Iron Ductile iron, also called ductile cast iron or nodular cast iron, is a type of cast iron invented in 1943 by Keith Millis[1]. While most varieties of cast iron are brittle, ductile iron is much more ductile, as the name implies. The 0 to 50-lb. range of high production castings dominates the demand for ductile iron at 1.59 million tons, or 67% of the total M/H production total. The demand/supply ratio of this weight class is 0.93. High D/S ratios in other ductile iron classifications indicate the impact of imports and the shortage of domestic supply. The total D/S ratio has increased from 0.87 to 0.93 based on a loss of 170,000 tons of supply capacity Motor Vehicle--The less-than-50-lb. casting range again dominates the M/H production of ductile iron with 1,026,000 tons of consumption in passenger cars and light trucks and 220,000 tons in medium to heavy trucks. A 100,000-ton loss in demand to aluminum is forecast for 2006 along with an increase of 20,000 tons in imports Valves & Fittings--The major tonnage TONNAGE, mar. law. The capacity of a ship or vessel. 2. The act of congress of March 2, 1799, s. 64, 1 Story's L. U. S. 630, directs that to ascertain the tonnage of any ship or vessel, the surveyor, &c. lies in the 50-150 lb. weight range, produced by the ductile iron pipe manufacturers for usage with centrifugal-cast pressure pipe in water distribution systems. Threaded pipe A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly. Threads are generally slightly conical rather than cylindrical (like a bolt or power screw). As a result a threaded pipe joint is much like a conical plug plugging a conical hole. fittings fit·ting adj. Being in keeping with a situation; appropriate. n. 1. The act of trying on clothes whose fit is being adjusted. 2. A small detachable part for a machine or apparatus. 3. continue to be specified spec·i·fy tr.v. spec·i·fied, spec·i·fy·ing, spec·i·fies 1. To state explicitly or in detail: specified the amount needed. 2. To include in a specification. 3. in malleable iron (Metal.) iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. , however some have been converted to ductile iron and are included in the less-than-50-1b, weight range. It is forecast that the conversion will continue in the future. Farm Machinery & Equipment--A gain in the shipments of farm machinery should lead to increases of ductile iron demand in this market sector. The less-than-50-1b, market consumes 47,000 tons of the total of 137,000 tons. Special Industry Machinery--This market consumes a sizeable part of the 300-700-lb. and more-than-5,000-lb. casting classes made primarily by the floor molding processes. Housings for plastic machinery and castings for printing and paper making machinery consume a majority of the tonnage of ductile iron. Construction Machinery & Equipment--Conversion of steel to ductile iron in housings and carriers has increased the demand for ductile iron in the more-than-50-lb, weight ranges. It is forecast that demand will reach 54,000 tons for castings weighing weigh 1 v. weighed, weigh·ing, weighs v.tr. 1. To determine the weight of by or as if by using a scale or balance. 2. more than 700 lbs. Carbon & Low-Alloy Steel The great majority of the non-railroad carbon and low alloy steel Low alloy steel is steel alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum, manganese, chromium, vanadium, silicon, boron or nickel, in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the hardenability of thick sections. castings are consumed in the 1-100 lb. and 101-500 lb. weight ranges. Though there is ample supply in these weight ranges, a shortage could occur in the 500-1,000 lb. range, which is forecast to have a D/S ratio of 0.91 in 2006. It is forecast that 116,000 tons will be consumed in the more-than-1,000-lb. casting weight a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised. - B. Trumbull. See also: Casting categories. Heavy castings of more than 10,000 lbs. in weight are forecast to reach 32,000 tons in 2006 and also could be in short supply in the future because of plant closings and loss of capacity. Railroad--Railroad castings including wheels, bolsters, side frames, couplers and yokes are primarily in the 100-1,000-lb. casting range, and are forecast to reach 629,000 tons in 2006, if the expected freight The price or compensation paid for the transportation of goods by a carrier. Freight is also applied to the goods transported by such carriers. The liability of a carrier for freight damaged, lost, or destroyed during shipment is determined by contract, statute, or car deliveries of 59,000 cars are reached. Construction & Mining--The majority of the carbon and low alloy steel castings in these market sectors are in the 100-1,000-lb. weight class. After many years of decline, growth is forecast in the mining market sector in the next few years. Valves & Pumps--A low growth of only 1.5% per year is forecast in this market sector because of import pressures and conversion to ductile iron. As shown in Table 5, the low to medium weight casting ranges consume more than 80% of these steels, however there is a sizeable market for castings more than 1,000 lbs. Corrosion-Resistant Adj. 1. corrosion-resistant - impervious to corrosion; "he was a great believer in the corrosion-resistant qualities of cast iron" imperviable, impervious - not admitting of passage or capable of being affected; "a material impervious to water"; "someone impervious Steel More than 75% of the castings weigh less than 500 lbs. Most of the stainless and high alloy alloy (ăl`oi, əloi`) [O. Fr.,=combine], substance with metallic properties that consists of a metal fused with one or more metals or nonmetals. castings are produced in carbon steel casting Steel casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured into a mold, allowed to solidify within the mold, and then the mold is broken and the solid piece is taken out. facilities with an adequate supply capacity (Table 7). Aluminum As is shown in Table 8, 2.6 million tons of aluminum casting demand is forecast for 2006. Motor vehicle consumption dominates the market at 62% of the total. The high-pressure high-pres·sure adj. 1. Of or relating to pressures higher than normal, especially higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Informal a. diecast Diecast can refer to:
Demand/supply conditions indicate potential supply problems for die castings die casting Forming metal objects by injecting molten metal under pressure into dies or molds. An early and important use of the technique was in the Linotype machine (1884), but the mass-production automobile assembly line gave die casting its real impetus. and a shortage of domestic supply for aluminum permanent mold and sand castings Casting is the process of production of objects by pouring molten material into a cavity called a mold which is the negative, or mirror image of the object, and allowing it to cool and solidify. . The latter is dependent on foreign producers at this time. The supply capacity for aluminum die castings is expected to drop 70,000 tons in 2006 and bring the D/S ratio to 0.91 as demand increases by 90,000 tons. Motor Vehicles--Diecast aluminum dominates the motor vehicle market at 886,000 tons. Low pressure die cast and lost foam aluminum, primarily used for cylinder heads, are forecast at 220,000 tons and 140,000 tons respectively. Semi permanent molded mold 1 n. 1. A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance. 2. A frame or model around or on which something is formed or shaped. 3. Something that is made in or shaped on a mold. aluminum demand is forecast at 270,000 tons, while sand molded aluminum demand, used primarily for engine blocks and intake manifolds Noun 1. intake manifold - a manifold consisting of a pipe to carry fuel to each cylinder in an internal-combustion engine fuel system - equipment in a motor vehicle or aircraft that delivers fuel to the engine , is expected to reach 117,000 tons. The future market for aluminum heads and engine blocks is expected to cause a domestic shortage of casting capacity, though captive supply Captive supply is a term for that part of the supply that is not owned by a company but is used by the company to maximize its own profits often at the unknowing expense of those who actually own those supplies. capacity at OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) The rebranding of equipment and selling it. The term initially referred to the company that made the products (the "original" manufacturer), but eventually became widely used to refer to the organization that buys the products and facilities is planned to meet casting requirements. Copper-Base Alloys Noun 1. copper-base alloy - any alloy whose principal component is copper alloy, metal - a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; "brass is an alloy of Outside of special applications, such as propellers and large marine and pump parts, 90% of the castings weigh less than 50 lbs. and are made on matchplate molding machines. The demand/sup ply (mathematics, data) ply - 1. Of a node in a tree, the number of branches between that node and the root. 2. Of a tree, the maximum ply of any of its nodes. ratio in 2006 is forecast at 0.90 for 350,000 tons of demand. For More Information 2006 AFS A distributed file system for large, widely dispersed Unix and Windows networks from Transarc Corporation, now part of IBM. It is noted for its ease of administration and expandability and stems from Carnegie-Mellon's Andrew File System. AFS - Andrew File System Metalcasting Forecast & Trends Report, American American, river, 30 mi (48 km) long, rising in N central Calif. in the Sierra Nevada and flowing SW into the Sacramento River at Sacramento. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of Foundry A semiconductor manufacturer that makes chips for third parties. It may be a large chip maker that sells its excess manufacturing capacity or one that makes chips exclusively for other companies. Society, Schaumburg Schaum·burg A village of northeast Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Population: 74,900. , IL. A 50-year metalcasting veteran, Ken Kirgin founded Stratecasts Inc. in the early 1980s to provide domestic and international forecasting and trends analysis and strategic planning Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. .
Table 1. 2006 Engineered Gray Iron Casting Demand in the
U.S. by Weight Class (000 tons) (*)
Weight Classes (lbs)
Industry 0-50 50-150
M/H Low M/H Low
Prod. Prod. Prod. Prod.
Sanitary/Radiator 89 8 64 22
Valves & Fittings 79 16 87 13
Int. Comb. Engines 103 22 106 17
Farm Mach. & Equip. 82 12 109 10
Construction Mach. 59 13 50 14
Mining Equipment 8 4 6 2
Oil Field Equip. 18 13 9 3
Mat'l Handling/Other 14 3 5 2
Machine Tool Mach. 14 4 21 5
Spec. Industry Mach. 47 11 35 13
Pumps/Compressors 28 12 46 16
Power Transmission E. 26 9 20 7
Refrigeration/AC 101 12 8 4
Electric Motor & Eq 15 5 9 4
Household Appliance 41 - - -
Pass. Car & Lt. Truck 747 6 345 21
Med. To Hvy. Truck 60 5 138 2
Railroad 8 3 1 1
Other 93 3 32 3
Total 1,632 161 1,091 159
Weight Classes (lbs)
Industry 150-300 300-700
M/H Low M/H Low
Prod. Prod. Prod. Prod.
Sanitary/Radiator 29 8 - -
Valves & Fittings 54 12 63 11
Int. Comb. Engines 212 27 144 16
Farm Mach. & Equip. 28 8 46 8
Construction Mach. 30 7 46 13
Mining Equipment 5 2 2 1
Oil Field Equip. 4 3 3 1
Mat'l Handling/Other 4 1 3 1
Machine Tool Mach. 15 5 19 9
Spec. Industry Mach. 26 13 25 15
Pumps/Compressors 29 19 38 19
Power Transmission E. 17 6 16 6
Refrigeration/AC 3 3 2 2
Electric Motor & Eq 10 3 6 4
Household Appliance - - - -
Pass. Car & Lt. Truck 58 5 - -
Med. To Hvy. Truck 42 2 - -
Railroad 1 - - -
Other 8 2 15 3
Total 575 126 428 109
Weight Classes (lbs)
Industry >700
M/H Low
Prod. Prod.
Sanitary/Radiator -- --
Valves & Fittings -- 11
Int. Comb. Engines 42 28
Farm Mach. & Equip. 12 8
Construction Mach. 33 9
Mining Equipment -- 6
Oil Field Equip. 6 3
Mat'l Handling/Other 6 1
Machine Tool Mach. -- 24
Spec. Industry Mach. -- 37
Pumps/Compressors -- 46
Power Transmission E. -- 9
Refrigeration/AC -- --
Electric Motor & Eq -- 5
Household Appliance -- --
Pass. Car & Lt. Truck -- --
Med. To Hvy. Truck -- --
Railroad -- --
Other 12 4
Total 111 191
* Excludes ingot molds, municipal castings and soil pipe
Table 2. Forecast of Gray Iron Domestic Demand & Supply in 2006
Weight Equipment Demand * Supply
Category (000 tons) (000 tons)
M/H Prod.
0-50 lbs. Matchplate/ 1,632 1,700
Cope & Drag
Low Prod. 161 180
Sqeezer
MH/Prod. Cope
50-150 lbs. & Drag & 1091 980
Lg. Match.
Low Prod.
Pin Lift
Cope & Drag 159 177
M/H Prod.Cope
150-300 Cope & Drag 575 590
Low Prod. 126 140
Cope & Drag
300-700 lbs. M/H Prod. 428 490
Cope & Drag
Low Prod. 109 122
M/H Prod.
700-5000 lbs. Cope & Drag, 111 125
Slinger
Low Prod. 108 140
> 5000 lbs. Low Prod. 83 108
Special Castings Ingot Mold 34 55
Soil Pipe 234 300
Municipal & 869 900
Hydrants
Total 5,720 6,007
Weight Equipment D/S Excess
Category (Shortage)
M/H Prod.
0-50 lbs. Matchplate/ 0.96 68
Cope & Drag
Low Prod. 0.89 19
Sqeezer
MH/Prod. Cope
50-150 lbs. & Drag & 1.11 (111)
Lg. Match.
Low Prod.
Pin Lift
Cope & Drag 0.90 18
M/H Prod.Cope
150-300 Cope & Drag 0.89 15
Low Prod. 0.82 14
Cope & Drag
300-700 lbs. M/H Prod. 0.89 62
Cope & Drag
Low Prod. 0.88 13
M/H Prod.
700-5000 lbs. Cope & Drag, 0.88 14
Slinger
Low Prod. 0.77 32
> 5000 lbs. Low Prod. 0.76 25
Special Castings Ingot Mold 0.62 21
Soil Pipe 0.78 66
Municipal & 0.97 31
Hydrants
Total 0.95 ** 287
* Demand-Shipments + Imports - Exports
** High Demand/Supply ratios indicate high import/demand ratios
Table 3. 2006 Ductile Iron Casting Demand
in the U.S. by Weight Class (000 tons) *
Weight Classes (lbs)
0-50 50-150
M/H Low M/H Low
Industry Prod. Prod. Prod. Prod.
Valves & Fittings 52 11 72 7
Int. Comb. Engines 30 9 52 6
Farm Machine & Equip. 47 10 24 9
Construction Mach. & Equip. 47 8 34 10
Oil Field Equip. 22 10 13 3
Material Handling 5 2 2 1
Machine Tool 6 5 7 4
Spec. Industry Mach. 28 8 17 6
Pump/Compressor 16 11 14 8
Power Trans. Equip. 8 1 8 1
Refrigeration & AC 33 3 4 2
Electric Motors & Gen. 12 1 3 1
Pass. Car & Light Truck 1,026 6 76 2
Med./Hvy. Truck 220 7 60 1
Railroad 10 1 1 --
Other 26 4 9 2
Total 1,588 97 396 63
Weight Classes (lbs)
150-300 300-700
M/H Low M/H Low
Industry Prod. Prod. Prod. Prod.
Valves & Fittings 55 5 21 12
Int. Comb. Engines 21 2 -- 2
Farm Machine & Equip. 13 3 13 3
Construction Mach. & Equip. 26 10 25 13
Oil Field Equip. 10 2 9 2
Material Handling 1 1 1 --
Machine Tool 7 4 6 4
Spec. Industry Mach. 15 6 14 6
Pump/Compressor 13 5 11 6
Power Trans. Equip. 5 1 3 1
Refrigeration & AC -- -- -- --
Electric Motors & Gen. 1 1 1 1
Pass. Car & Light Truck -- -- -- --
Med./Hvy. Truck 26 1 10 1
Railroad -- -- -- --
Other 6 1 5 1
Total 199 42 119 52
Weight Classes (lbs)
>700
M/H Low
Industry Prod. Prod.
Valves & Fittings 17 17
Int. Comb. Engines -- 1
Farm Machine & Equip. 13 2
Construction Mach. & Equip. 28 26
Oil Field Equip. 6 5
Material Handling -- --
Machine Tool -- 4
Spec. Industry Mach. 1 11
Pump/Compressor 2 12
Power Trans. Equip. -- 1
Refrigeration & AC -- --
Electric Motors & Gen. -- --
Pass. Car & Light Truck -- --
Med./Hvy. Truck -- --
Railroad -- --
Other -- 1
Total 87 80
* Excludes centrifugal cast pipe
Table 4. Forecast of Demand/Supply Conditions for Ductile
iron Engineered Castings for 2006 (excludes pipe)
Weight Equipment Domestic Supply D/S
(lbs) Category Demand (000 Tons) (000 Tons)
0-50 M/H Production 1,588 1,708 0.93
Low Production 97 100 0.97
50-150 M/H Production 396 420 0.94
Low Production 63 70 0.90
150-300 M/H Production 199 200 0.99
Low Production 42 48 0.88
300-700 M/H Production 119 138 0.86
Low Production 52 58 0.90
700 M/H Production 67 70 0.96
Low Production 80 86 0.93
Total 2,703 2,898 0.93
Table 5. U.S. Demand for Non-Railroad Carbon & Low
Alloy Steel Castings by Weight Class in 2006 (000 tons)
Weight Classes (lbs)
Industry 0-100 101-500 501-1,000 1,001-5,000
Values 30 17 10 6
Construction Equip. 62 60 38 17
Mining Mach. 27 30 11 6
Oil Field Equip. 15 17 10 10
Pumps 7 4 4 1
Trucks (*) 30 25 3 1
Others 10 8 11 17
Total 181 161 87 58
Weight Classes (lbs)
Industry 5,001-10,000 >10,000 Total
Values 44 4 71
Construction Equip. 4 2 183
Mining Mach. 4 3 81
Oil Field Equip. 1 1 54
Pumps 1 1 18
Trucks (*) -- -- 59
Others 12 21 79
Total 26 32 545
(*) Includes military vehicles and parts
Table 6. Forecast of Demand/Supply Conditions in
2006 for Carbon/Low Alloy Steel Castings (non-railroad)
Weight Demand Supply
(lbs) (000 Tons) (000 Tons) D/S
0-100 173 195 0.89
100-500 165 200 0.83
500-1,000 89 98 0.91
1,000-5,000 60 70 0.86
5,000-10,000 28 34 0.82
> 10,000 38 45 0.84
Total 553 642 0.86
Total Railroad 629 684 0.92
Table 7. U.S. Demand for Corrosion Resistant
Steel Castings by Weight Class in 2006 (000 tons)
Weight
Class (lbs) Industry 0-100 101-500 501-1,000
Values 14 10 4 1
Others 30 22 7 5
Total 44 32 11 6
Weight
Class (lbs) 1,001-5,000 5,001-10,000 >10,000 TOTAL
Values 1 1 31
Others 3 3 70
Total 4 4 101
Table 8. U.S. Demand for Aluminum Castings
by Process in 2006 (000 tons)
Casting Process
Industry Die Cast SPM LP
Int. Combustion Engine 93 34 --
Lawn & Garden 26 10 --
Power Hand Tools 30 9 --
Office Mach./Computer 43 9 --
Refrigeration/AC 49 1 --
Meters/Regulators 33 -- --
Motors/Generators 37 -- --
Home Appliances 50 11 --
Lighting Equip. 13 -- --
Communications Equip. 20 -- --
Motor Vehicles 886 270 220
Aircraft 24 26 --
Motorcycles/Bikes/Trans 45 17 --
Instruments 57 45 --
Marine & Other 85 58 --
Total 1,491 490 220
Casting Process
Industry Sand Lost Foam Total
Int. Combustion Engine 6 -- 133
Lawn & Garden 3 -- 39
Power Hand Tools 5 -- 44
Office Mach./Computer 4 -- 56
Refrigeration/AC 1 10 61
Meters/Regulators -- -- 33
Motors/Generators 5 -- 37
Home Appliances 15 -- 76
Lighting Equip. -- -- 13
Communications Equip. -- -- 20
Motor Vehicles 117 120 1,613
Aircraft 48 -- 98
Motorcycles/Bikes/Trans 7 2 71
Instruments 24 -- 126
Marine & Other 40 8 191
Total 270 140 2,611
Table 9. Domestic Demand/Supply of
Aluminum Castings in 2006 (000 tons)
Process Demand Supply D/S
Die Casting (Auto) 886 960 0.92
Die Casting (Other) 605 680 0.89
Die Casting Total 1,491 1,640 0.91
Low Pressure 220 300 0.73
Permanent Mold 490 480 1.02
Green Sand 270 280 0.96
Lost Foam 140 220 0.64
Total Aluminum 2611 2920 0.89
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