DRUG TESTING.Editor's Note Editor's Note (foaled in 1993 in Kentucky) is an American thoroughbred Stallion racehorse. He was sired by 1992 U.S. Champion 2 YO Colt Forty Niner, who in turn was a son of Champion sire Mr. Prospector and out of the mare, Beware Of The Cat.Trained by D. : A respondent In Equity practice, the party who answers a bill or other proceeding in equity. The party against whom an appeal or motion, an application for a court order, is instituted and who is required to answer in order to protect his or her interests. from Massachusetts Massachusetts (măsəch  `sĭts), most populous of the New England states of the NE United States. noted in his
comments that when asking questions regarding substance abuse testing,
it is recommended that the number of samples collected and the number of
tests performed from those samples be queried. He noted that some
agencies may conduct 10 or more tests on one sample and, therefore,
asking for the number of tests alone would not give a clear indication
of the number of inmate INMATE. One who dwells in a part of another's house, the latter dwelling, at the same time, in the said house. Kitch. 45, b; Com. Dig. Justices of the Peace, B 85; 1 B. & Cr. 578; 8 E. C. L. R. 153; 2 Dowl. & Ry. 743; 8 B. & Cr. 71; 15 E. C. L. R. 154; 2 Man. & Ry. 227; 9 B. & Cr. samples collected. He adds that more advanced
programs conduct multiple tests on each sample based on intelligence
information, inmate background and substance abuse trends in their
jurisdictions. His comments are offered for consideration as you read
the responses from the 45 U.S. jurisdictions and six Canadian Canadian (kənā`dēən), river, 906 mi (1,458 km) long, rising in NE New Mexico. and flowing E across N Texas and central Oklahoma into the Arkansas River in E Oklahoma. systems.
Inmates and Drug Testing Initial drug testing schedules are varied. Sixteen U.S. jurisdictions report that they conduct testing at physicians' requests, 16 as directed by staff, 36 randomly, 14 on a routine basis and 34 for cause. Other reasons for testing included being a suspect, being in an intensive treatment program, exhibiting disciplinary problems, committing assaults or suffering injuries, or at scheduled intervals. The testing procedures are similar in Canada, except for New Brunswick New Brunswick, province, Canada New Brunswick, province (2001 pop. 729,498), 28,345 sq mi (73,433 sq km), including 519 sq mi (1,345 sq km) of water surface, E Canada. , which does not conduct testing. After intake, testing for drugs is conducted annually by one U.S. system, quarterly by one, monthly by 21 and weekly by six. Those tests are performed randomly by 41 systems, based on a previously positive incident by one system and on a target list by another. Both Idaho and Montana have not established testing cycles and Montana contracts out its testing/treatment services. The primary reasons for testing after intake are: for inmates in specialized spe·cial·ize v. spe·cial·ized, spe·cial·iz·ing, spe·cial·iz·es v.intr. 1. To pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of study. 2. treatment programs, for cause, for suspicion, for furlough-related situations, as a pre requisite for custody upgrading, being in a work release/day reporting setting, or prior to a transfer. In Arizona Arizona (âr'əzō`nə), state in the southwestern United States. It is bordered by Utah (N), New Mexico (E), Mexico (S), and, across the Colorado R., Nevada and California (W). , 100 percent of inmates in treatment programs are tested regularly. Out of Canada's reporting provinces, Manitoba does not conduct tests after intake. U.S. respondents In the context of marketing research, a representative sample drawn from a larger population of people from whom information is collected and used to develop or confirm marketing strategy. purported pur·port·ed adj. Assumed to be such; supposed: the purported author of the story. pur·port  ed·ly adv. to conduct 1,589,782 drug tests, though
numbers were not specified in Maine Maine, shipMaine, U.S. battleship destroyed (Feb. 15, 1898) in Havana harbor by an explosion that killed 260 men. The incident helped precipitate the Spanish-American War (Apr., 1898). Commanded by Capt. Charles Sigsbee, the ship had been sent (Jan. , North Dakota North Dakota, state in the N central United States. It is bordered by Minnesota, across the Red River of the North (E), South Dakota (S), Montana (W), and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba (N). or Oklahoma. It should be assumed that each of those tests were single-sample and not multiple-specimen, as mentioned in the comments from Massachusetts. Those testing positive ranged from less than 1 percent in Connecticut Connecticut, state, United States Connecticut (kənĕt`ĭkət), southernmost of the New England states of the NE United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts (N), Rhode Island (E), Long Island Sound (S), and New York (W). , Oregon, Texas and Washington to 11 percent in Vermont. Survey results indicated that drug-positive cases are decreasing, as reported by 24 states. In eight states, however, the results show an increase and in seven others, it remained about the same. Privileges and Restrictions Privileges are reduced in nearly all the reporting systems, primarily involving visitation rights In a Divorce or custody action, permission granted by the court to a noncustodial parent to visit his or her child or children. Custody may also refer to visitation rights extended to grandparents. . The elimination of contact visits was evident in 13 states and complete loss of visiting privileges in 11 others. Housing segregation/cell restriction is used in 36 states. Other restrictions of note are the possible loss of good-time credits; reclassification Reclassification The process of changing the class of mutual funds once certain requirements have been met. These requirements are generally placed on load mutual funds. Reclassification is not considered to be a taxable event. to a higher custody level; tentative tentative, adj not final or definite, such as an experimental or clinical finding that has not been validated. parole-month extension; loss of job; fines; restitution In the context of Criminal Law, state programs under which an offender is required, as a condition of his or her sentence, to repay money or donate services to the victim or society; with respect to maritime law, the restoration of articles lost by jettison, done when the for drug testing materials; loss of personal property and clothing; attendance at special events, such as open houses, music concerts, etc.; restricted correspondence; and referral for prosecution in extreme cases. Treatment Twenty-nine states use therapeutic communities to treat drug abuse cases. Transfers to medical facilities are made by eight systems and to specialized treatment programs by 19 others, including both Alcohol and Narcotics narcotics n. 1) techinically, drugs which dull the senses. 2) a popular generic term for drugs which cannot be legally possessed, sold, or transported except for medicinal uses for which a physician or dentist's prescription is required. Anonymous. In Wisconsin, therapeutic communities are a means of treatment for females, the mentally ill and males with lengthy drug abuse and criminal histories. Counseling/education sessions are conducted in nine systems and California identifies aftercare af·ter·care n. Follow-up care provided after a medical procedure or treatment program. aftercare the care and treatment of a convalescent patient, especially one that has undergone surgery. as a condition of parole parole (pərōl`), in criminal law, release from prison of a convict before the expiration of his term on condition that his activities be restricted and that he report regularly to an officer. . Correctional Officers And Drug Testing Testing of correctional officer applicants is conducted during prehire status in 33 states and as part of on-the-job-training in 29. New Jersey, New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of and Utah also test those in their academies, while Texas tests solely in its academy. Ten states do not test applicants for drug use, but Wyoming has developed a policy that is not yet in effect. Ten jurisdictions do not conduct follow-up testing of their correctional officers and of those that do test, 17 are scheduled at random, 13 for suspicion or for cause and seven states only test staff involved in transportation. In scheduled after-hire testing, 7 percent were identified as testing positive, yet the survey results indicated a decrease, as was the case for inmates being tested. Eight states noted an increase or remained the same. Sanctions Sanctions is the plural of sanction. Depending on context, a sanction can be either a punishment or a permission. The word is a contronym. Sanctions involving countries: v. of·fend·ed, of·fend·ing, of·fends v.tr. 1. To cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in. 2. officers are terminated from employment in 30 states, suspended sus·pend v. sus·pend·ed, sus·pend·ing, sus·pends v.tr. 1. To bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position, usually as a punishment: suspend a student from school. for a specified time in two states and placed on sick leave/vacation status in another. Nine states actively use their own employee assistance programs for treatment. Both Ohio and Oklahoma offer a "last chance" agreement as part of their sanctions and a post-decertification is mandated in Utah. Administrative/Support Staff and Drug Testing Twenty-four systems do not test administrative or support staff for drug use. The percentage of positive test results from those that conduct testing range from zero in Colorado, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to 100 percent in California. However, it must be noted that California only tested two staff members during the reporting period. As in the categories of inmates and correctional officer staff, the trend is decreasing for those administrative and support staff testing positive. Sanctions for this group include termination in 23 states, suspension or placement on sick/vacation leave in two states, counseling and education in one system, and employee assistance programs in nine others. A "last chance" option is offered in one state. Georgia reports that classified employees can appeal to the state personnel board within 10 days after termination and request a review within three days; unclassified un·clas·si·fied adj. 1. Not placed or included in a class or category: unclassified mail. 2. employees must wait two years before making such a request. By state law, New Jersey correctional employees are barred permanently from future law enforcement in any capacity. Prevention Methods Canines Canines The two sharp teeth located next to the front incisor teeth in mammals that are used to grip and tear. Mentioned in: Animal Bite Infections are primarily used to eliminate the infiltration infiltration /in·fil·tra·tion/ (in?fil-tra´shun) 1. the pathological diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts in excess of the normal. 2. infiltrate (2). of drugs in 41 jurisdictions. Other methods being used are heightened visibility of correctional officers in visiting areas, spot searches, ion scanning and hair analysis, phone monitoring and bans on foodstuff in Oklahoma and outside packages in Massachusetts. Also mentioned were the loss of visitation VISITATION. The act of examining into the affairs of a corporation. 2. The power of visitation is applicable only to ecclesiastical and eleemosynary corporations. 1 Bl. Com. 480; 2 Kid on Corp. 174. privileges and changes to noncontact visitations as previously noted. Advantages/Disadvantages Of Drug Testing The relative costs involved and the time necessary to conduct the testing were cited as the primary disadvantages for conducting drug tests, while the advantages centered on the resultant This article is about the resultant of polynomials. For the result of adding two or more vectors, see Parallelogram rule. For the technique in organ building, see Resultant (organ). In mathematics, the resultant of two monic polynomials safer environments. Inmate violence is believed to be reduced and testing overall is considered a proven deterrent de·ter·rent adj. Tending to deter: deterrent weapons. n. 1. Something that deters: a deterrent to theft. 2. . DRUG TESTING -- PART 1: INMATES AND DRUG ABUSE DRUG TESTING -- PART 2: CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS AND DRUG ABUSE [TABULAR tab·u·lar adj. 1. Having a plane surface; flat. 2. Organized as a table or list. 3. Calculated by means of a table. tabular resembling a table. DATA NOT REPRODUCIBLE re·pro·duce v. re·pro·duced, re·pro·duc·ing, re·pro·duc·es v.tr. 1. To produce a counterpart, image, or copy of. 2. Biology To generate (offspring) by sexual or asexual means. IN ASCII ASCII or American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a set of codes used to represent letters, numbers, a few symbols, and control characters. Originally designed for teletype operations, it has found wide application in computers. ] DRUG TESTING -- PART 3: ADMINISTRATIVE/ SUPPORT STAFF
SYSTEM ANNUAL TESTS PERCENT TRENDS / COMMENTS
PERFORMED (1)
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA None N/A No data available
ARKANSAS Combined, 2.1% Not specified
2,811 combined
CALIFORNIA 2 100% No data available
COLORADO 120 0% Remains the same
CONNECTICUT None N/A Decreasing
DELAWARE Combined, 375 1.6% Increasing
DISTRICT OF Combined, .003% Decreasing
COLUMBIA 1,413
FLORIDA Combined, 800 1% Remained the same
GEORGIA None N/A N/A
HAWAII
IDAHO None N/A Little testing
done after
employment
ILLINOIS Combined, 2.3% No data available
4,051
INDIANA Testing N/A N/A
not done
IOWA None N/A No data available
KANSAS None N/A N/A
KENTUCKY Testing N/A N/A
not done
LOUISIANA Combined, 1.16% Not specified
2,672
MAINE Only test DOT N/A N/A
drivers
MARYLAND 65 0% Decreasing
MASSACHUSETTS Testing N/A N/A
not done
MICHIGAN None N/A N/A
MINNESOTA Testing N/A N/A
not done
MISSISSIPPI Combined, .5925% N/A
2,534
MISSOURI Testing N/A N/A
not done
MONTANA Testing N/A N/A
not done
NEBRASKA Testing N/A N/A
NEVADA not done
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY 24 0% Not specified
NEW MEXICO Combined, 4.5% Increasing
451
NEW YORK 10 15% Decreasing
NORTH
CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA None N/A N/A
OHIO 1,794 .56% Decreasing
OKLAHOMA None (2) N/A N/A
OREGON None N/A N/A
PENNSYLVANIA 5 0% Decreasing
RHODE ISLAND Testing N/A N/A
not done
SOUTH 684 .009% Remains the same
CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA None N/A N/A
TENNESSEE Testing N/A N/A
not done
TEXAS 412, includes 50% Decreasing
410 DOT
Drivers
UTAH Combined < 1% Remains the same
estimate,
200-300
VERMONT Testing N/A N/A
not done
VIRGINIA Unavailable N/A Not specified
WASHINGTON Testing N/A N/A
not done
WEST VIRGINIA None N/A Remains the same
WISCONSIN Testing N/A N/A
not done
WYOMING Testing N/A N/A
not done
FEDERAL BUREAU
BUREAU OF
PRISONS
CANADIAN SYSTEMS
BRITISH Testing N/A N/A
COLUMBIA not done
MANITOBA Testing N/A N/A
not done
NEW BRUNSWICK Testing N/A N/A
not done
NEWFOUNDLAND Testing N/A N/A
not done
ONTARIO Testing N/A N/A
not done
CORRECTIONAL Testing N/A N/A
SERVICE not done
CANADA
SYSTEM SANCTIONS IMPOSED
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA A policy currently is being developed
ARKANSAS Terminate for illegal drugs; suspend for
alcohol
CALIFORNIA Referral to Employee Assistance Program;
progressive discipline up to termination
COLORADO Termination
CONNECTICUT Managerial, confidential and instructional
staff also are subject to reasonable
suspicion drug testing and, if positive,
relieved of duty and placed on sick or
vacation pay, pending completion of an
treatment program.
DELAWARE Suspended without pay; must successfully
complete a rehab program and pass a drug
screen; automatic dismissal for second
offense within five years
DISTRICT OF Termination
COLUMBIA
FLORIDA Mandatory referral to Employee Assistance
Program for participation in a prescribed
treatment plan
GEORGIA Termination: classified employee can appeal
to state personnel board within 10 days and
request a review within three days;
unclassified employee can reapply after
two years
HAWAII
IDAHO Upon medical verification, termination for
cause
ILLINOIS Termination
INDIANA Termination based on probable cause test
IOWA Possible discharge
KANSAS Testing done only for reasonable suspicion.
Employees outside the facilities' walls are
subject to required treatment and/or
disciplinary up to and including termination.
KENTUCKY N/A
LOUISIANA Disciplinary action and referral Employee
Assistance Program or appropriate agency
for education or counselling
MAINE N/A
MARYLAND Not specified
MASSACHUSETTS N/A
MICHIGAN Civil Service requirement for staff testing
became effective March 2000-too soon for
specific data
MINNESOTA N/A
MISSISSIPPI Termination after due process
MISSOURI N/A
MONTANA N/A
NEBRASKA N/A
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY Termination and permanently barred from
future law enforcement in the state
NEW MEXICO Termination
NEW YORK Termination
NORTH
CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA Discipline up to termination
OHIO Employee is given a "last chane" agreement,
counselling, subject to follow-up testing
for one year. A positive test while on a
"last chane" agreement results in
termination.
OKLAHOMA N/A
OREGON If not an Employee Assistance Program issue,
termination
PENNSYLVANIA Mandatory referral to state Employee
Assistance Program (SEAP). When cleared by
SEAP, employee can return to work and
random tests are conducted for one year.
RHODE ISLAND N/A
SOUTH Termination
CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA N/A
TENNESSEE N/A
TEXAS Termination
UTAH Physical exam required and continued
employment if successfully completing a
treatment program.
VERMONT N/A
VIRGINIA Terminated for positive use after a due
process hearing
WASHINGTON N/A
WEST VIRGINIA Termination
WISCONSIN N/A
WYOMING Policy not yet in effect
FEDERAL BUREAU
BUREAU OF
PRISONS
CANADIAN SYSTEMS
BRITISH N/A
COLUMBIA
MANITOBA N/A
NEW BRUNSWICK N/A
NEWFOUNDLAND N/A
ONTARIO N/A
CORRECTIONAL N/A
SERVICE
CANADA
(1) ALL STATES: The word "combined" is the reported total information for both correctional officers and administrative/support staff. (2) OKLAHOMA: The Oklahoma Department of Corrections Drug Free Workplace Program currently is suspended due to significant contractual issues. Upon initial implementation, the agency established a "last chance" agreement for employees testing positive. DRUG TESTING -- PART 4: PREVENTION [TABULAR DATA NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] For information on monthly surveys featured in this or past issues of Corrections Compendium com·pen·di·um n. pl. com·pen·di·ums or com·pen·di·a 1. A short, complete summary; an abstract. 2. A list or collection of various items. , please contact Cece Hill, CEGA CEGA Combustion Engineering/General Atomics CEGA Central Electricity Generating Authority Services Inc., P.O. Box 81826, Lincoln, NE 68501-1826; (402) 464-0602. |
|
||||||||||||||||
Printer friendly
Cite/link
Email
Feedback
Reader Opinion