Cut-off and toxicity levels for drugs-of-abuse testing.This table summarizes information useful in the interpretation of drugs-of-abuse assays. It was developed by Daniel Daniel, book of the BibleDaniel, book of the Bible. It combines "court" tales, perhaps originating from the 6th cent. B.C., and a series of apocalyptic visions arising from the time of the Maccabean emergency (167–164 B.C. M. Baer, MD, Professor Emeritus e·mer·i·tus adj. Retired but retaining an honorary title corresponding to that held immediately before retirement: a professor emeritus. n. pl. of Pathology pathology, study of the cause of disease and the modifications in cellular function and changes in cellular structure produced in any cell, organ, or part of the body by disease. , Oregon Oregon, city, United States Oregon, city (1990 pop. 18,334), Lucas co., NW Ohio, a suburb adjacent to Toledo, on Lake Erie; inc. 1958. It is a port with railroad-owned and -operated docks. The city has industries producing oil, chemicals, and metal products. Health Sciences University, Portland Portland, town, England Portland, town (1991 pop. 12,945), Dorset, S England. It is on the Isle of Portland, a small rocky peninsula. Portland stone has been used in St. Paul's Cathedral and other important London buildings. Lobsters and crabs are harvested. OR, and updated by Richard Ri·chard , Joseph Henri Maurice Known as "Rocket." 1921-2000. Canadian hockey player. A right wing for the Montreal Canadiens (1942-1960), he led his team to eight Stanley Cup championships and was the first player to score 50 goals in a A. Paulson Paulson may refer to:
American army engineer and parliamentary authority. He designed the defenses for Washington, D.C., during the Civil War and later wrote Robert's Rules of Order (1876). Noun 1. H. Williams, PhD, DABCC DABCC Dona Ana Branch Community College DABCC Diplomate of the American Board of Clinical Chemistry DABCC Diplomate of the American Board of Chiropractic Consultants DABCC Douglas Albert Brown Computer Company , FACB FacB Facilitair Bedrijf (Dutch) FACB Fellow of the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry FACB Funk Amateur Club Basel (German: Radio Amateur Club Basel, Switzerland) , MT(ASCP), Director of Quality Assurance and Clinical Consultant, Quest Diagnostics Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (NYSE: DGX) is a United States corporation which provides clinical laboratory services . The company also has a business presence in England and Mexico. Quest Diagnostics is a member of the Fortune 500 and the S&P 500. , Incorporated and Clinical Associate Professor and Pathology, University of South Floride, both in Tampa Tampa (tăm`pə), city (1990 pop. 280,015), seat of Hillsborough co., W Fla., a port of entry with an impressive harbor on Tampa Bay; inc. 1855. , FL
Drug (and trade name) Some common street
names
OPIATES
Heroin Horse
(Diacetylmorphine) Stuff,
Smack,
Junk,
Morphine M,
(Duramorph) Junk,
Morpho,
White stuff
Methadone Methadose
(Dolophine, Amidone)
Mepreidine Fortis,
(Demerol, Pethidine) Demies
Codeine Rabo,
(Analgesics with codeine) School boy
Propoxyphena Yellow,
(Darvon, Darvocet-N) Footballs
Oxycodone Oxy,
(Oxycontin, OxylR, Percocet, Oxycotton,
Percodan) Killer
HALLUCINOGENS
Lysergic acide, Acid,
diethylamide Microdot,
(LSD) White lightning
Marijuana and Marijuana,
cannabinoids Hashish,
Bhang,
Ganja,
Sandemilla
Phencyclidine PCP,
Angel dust,
Killer weed,
Hog
STIMULANTS
Cocaine Coke,
Crack,
Flake,
Snow
Amphetamine Speed,
(Benzedrine, Dexedrine) Bennies,
Uppers,
Dexies
Methylene-3, 4 Ecstasy,
dioxy-Methamphetamine Adam,
(MDMA) XTC,
Love drug,
Hug drug
Methamphetamine Speed,
(Desoxyn, Methedrine) Meth,
Crystal ice,
Crank
BARBITURATES
Drug (and trade name) Some common street
names
Pentobarbital Goof balls,
(Nembutal) Downers,
Nembies,
Yellow jackets,
Yellow submarine
Secobarbital Bullets,
(Seconal) Pink ladies,
Reds
Butabarbital Goof balls,
(Butisol) Candy,
Peanuts,
Stoppers
Butalbital Goof balls,
(Florinal) Sleepers,
Stoppers,
Peanuts
Phenobarbital Barbs,
ALCOHOLS, DIOLS, & METABOLITES
Ethanol Downers
Booze,
Hooch
Methanol Wood alcohol
Isopropanol Rubbing alcohol
Acetone
Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze
SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS/ANESTHETICS
Diazepam Tranks,
(Valium) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows,
Blue Magoo,
V
Oxazapam Tranks,
(Serax) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows
Alprazolam Tranks,
(Xanax) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows
Clonazepam Tranks,
(Klonopin) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows
Chlordiazepoxide Tranks,
(Librium) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows
Lorazepam Tranks,
(Ativan, Loraz) Downers,
Blues,
Yellows
Flunitrazepam Roofies,
(Rohyphol) Rib,
Rope
Roach-2,
R-2
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate GHB,
(Somatomax) G-Caps,
Geebers,
Fantasy,
Liquid Ecstasy
Ketamine Special K,
Hydrochloride Lady Kay,
(Ketajet) Vitamin K,
Jet,
Cat Valium
Drug (and trade name) Detectable duration in urine after
last dose
OPTIATES
Heroin 1-2 days
(Diacetylmorphine) (total opiate) (S) (1)
150 ng/mL (S) (2)
(as 6-monacetyl morphine)
18 ng/mL (C) (3)
(as 6-monocetyl morphine)
Morphine 2 days
(Duramorph)
Methadone 3 days
(Dolophine, Amidone)
Mepreidine 2-3 days
(Demerol, Pethidine)
Codeine 2 days
(Analgesics with
codeine)
Propoxyphena 6 hours to 2 days
(Darvon, Darvocet-N)
Oxycodone 1-3 days
(Oxycontin, OxylR,
Percocet, Percodan)
HALLUCINOGENS
Lysergic 1-5 days
acid,
diethylamide
(LSD)
Marijuana and Single use:
cannabinoids
2-7 days
(as [DELTA]9-THC-COOH)
Prolonged use:
1-2 months
(as [DELTA]9-THC-COOH)
Phencyclidine Single use:
1 week
Prolonged use:
2-4 weeks
STIMULANTS
Cocaine Single use:
3 days
Prolonged use:
4 days
Amphetamine Single use:
(Benzedrine, 48 hours
Dexedrine)
Prolonged use:
7-10 days
Methylene-3, 4 Single use:
dioxy-Methamphetamine Urine: 24 hours
(MDMA) Plasma: 5-6 hours
Methamphetamine Single use:
(Desoxyn, Methedrine) 48 hours
Prolonged use:
7-10 days
BARBITURATES
Pentobarbital 2 days
(Nembutal)
Secobarbital 2 days
(Seconal)
Butabarbital 2 days
(Butisol)
Butalbital 2 days
(Florinal)
Phenobarbital 1-3 weeks
ALCOHOLS, DIOLS,
& METABOLITES
Ethanol < 1 day
Methanol < 1 day
Isopropanol < 1 day
Acetone < 1 day
Ethylene Glycol < 1 day
SEDATIVES/
HYPNOTICS/ANESTHETICS
Diazepam Single use:
(Valium) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-7 days
(up to 30 days)
Oxazapam Single use:
(Serax) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-7 days
Alprazolam Single use:
(Xanax) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-7 days
Clonazepam Single use:
(Klonopin) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-14 days
Chlordiazepoxide Single use:
(Librium) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-7 days
Lorazepam Single use:
(Ativan, Loraz) Not detected
Prolonged use:
5-7 days
Flunitrazepam 72 hours
(Rohyphol)
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate 12 hours
(Somatomax)
Ketamine < 72 hours
Hydrochloride
(Ketajet)
Drug (and trade name) Urine cut-off Toxic blood
points for level
reporting
positive or
limit of
quantitation *
OPIATES
Heroin 2000 ng/mL > 200 mg/mL
(Diacetylmorphine) (as morphine)
Morphine 2000 ng/mL (S) > 200 ng/mL
(Duramorph) (1)
300 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Methadone 300 ng/mL 1-2
[mu]g/mL
(Dolophine, Amidone)
Mepreidine 200 ng/mL (S) > 1000
(Demerol, Pethidine) (2) ng/mL
200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
STIMULANTS
Codeine 2000 ng/mL (S) > 1.1
(Analgesics with codeine) (1) [mu]g/mL
300 ng/mL (C)
(3) lethal)
Propoxyphena 300 ng/mL (S) > 500 ng/mL
(Darvon, Darvocet-N) (1)
200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Oxycodone 100-500 ng/mL > 200 ng/mL
(S)(1)highly
variable)
(Oxycontin, OxylR, Percocet, 100-300 ng/mL
Percodan) (C)(3)(highly
Variable)
HALLUCINOGENS
Lysergic acid, 0.5 ng/mL (S) > 2 ng/mL
diethylamide (1)
(LSD)
100 pg/mL (C)
(4)
Marijuana and cannabinoids 100, 50, 25, 50-200
or ng/mL
20 ng/mL (S)
(1)
15 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Phencyclidine 25 ng/mL (S) 1 mg/mL
(1)
25 ng/mL (C)
(3)
STIMULANTS
Cocaine 300 ng/mL (S) > 1
(1) [mu]g/mL
150 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Amphetamine 100 ng/mL (S) 0.5-1.0
(1) [mu]g/mL
(Benzedrine, Dexedrine) 500 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Methylene-3, 4 3000-5000 0.1-1.0
dioxy-Methamphetamine ng/mL (S)(1) [mu]g/mL
(MDMA)
5 ng/mL (C)(3)
Methamphetamine 100 ng/mL (S) 0.1-1.0
(Desoxyn, Methedrine) (1) [mu]g/mL
500 ng/mL (C)
(3)
BARBITURATES
Pentobarbital 425 ng/mL (S) > 11
(1) [mu]g/mL
(Nembutal) 200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Secobarbital 200 ng/mL (S) > 10
(1) [mu]g/mL
(Seconal) 200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Butabarbital 312 ng/mL (S) 20 [mu]g/mL
(1)
(Butisol) 200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Butalbital 20 [mu]g/mL 5-15
(Florinal) [mu]g/mL
200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Phenobarbital 505 ng/mL (S) > 40
(1) [mu]g/mL
200 ng/mL (C)
(3)
ALCOHOLS, DIOLS, & METABOLITES
Ethanol 10 mg/dL 80-400
mg/dL
Methanol 5 mg/dL (GC) > 20 mg/dL
Isopropanol 5 mg/dL (GC) 50 mg/dL
Acetone 5 mg/dL (GC) > 33 mg/dL
(GC)
Ethylene Glycol 5 mg/dL (GC) > 50 mg/dL
(GC)
SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS/ANESTHETICS
Diazepam 160 ng/mL (S) Drug plus
(1) Metabolite:
(Valium) 100 ng/mL (C) > 3.0
(3) [mu]g/mL
Oxazapam 240 ng/mL (S) > 1.4
(Serax) (1) [mu]g/mL
100 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Alprazolam 240 ng/mL (S) > 350 ng/mL
(Xanax) (1)
100 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Clonazepam 540 ng/mL (S) > 80 ng/mL
(Klonopin) (1)
100 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Chlordiazepoxide 600 ng.mL (S) > 23
(Librium) (2) [mu]g/mL
100 ng/mL (C)
(3)
Lorazepam 675 ng/mL (S) 0.3-0.6
(Ativan, Loraz) (1) [mu]g/mL
100 ng/mL (C) 0.05-0.24
(3) [mu]g/mL
Flunitrazepam 12-60 ng/mL 50 ng/mL
(S)(1) (GC-MS;
(immunoassay) LC-MS/MS)
(Rohyphol) 100 pg/mL (C)
(4)
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate 1-10 mg/L > 250 mg/L
(Somatomax) (GC; GC-MS) (GC-MS)
Ketamine 15 ng/mL (S) > 7-27
(5) [mu]g/mL
Hydrochloride (Immunoassay) (highly
5-10 ng/mL variable)
(Ketajet) (GC-MS)
Drug (and trade name) Blood reference (therapeutic)
range
OPIATES
Heroin None detected
(Diacetylmorphine)
Morphine 65-80 ng/mL
(Duramorph)
Methadone For arcotic stabilization:
300-1000 ng/mL
(Dolophine, Amidone) For pain: 50-100 ng/mL
Mepreidine 70-500 ng/mL
(Demerol, Pethidine)
Codeine 13-33 ng/mL
(Analgesics with codeine)
Propoxyphena 100-400 ng/mL
(Darvon, Darvocet-N)
Oxycodone 10-100 ng/mL
(Oxycontin, OxylR, Percocet,
Percodan)
HALLUCINOGENS
Lysergic acid, None detected
diethylamide 5-20 ng/mL
(LSD) (clinical studies)
Marijuana and cannabinoids None detected
Phencyclidine None detected
STIMULANTS
Cocaine 100-500 ng/mL
Amphetamine 30-50 ng/mL
(Benzedrine, Dexedrine)
Methylene-3, 4 20-30 ng/mL
dioxy-Methamphetamine
(MDMA)
Methamphetamine 20-30 ng/mL
(Desoxyn, Methedrine)
BARBITURATES
Pentobarbital < 10 [mu]g/mL
(Nembutal)
Secobarbital 1-5 [mu]g/mL
(Seconal)
Butabarbital 3-25 [mu]g/mL
(Butisol)
Butalbital
(Florinal)
Phenobarbital 10-40 [mu]g/mL
ALCOHOLS, DIOLS, & METABOLITES
Ethanol 100-150mg/dL
(for treatment of toxic alcohols)
Methanol < 0.5 mg/dL
Isopropanol None detected
Acetone < 1.0 mg/dL
Ethylene Glycol None detected
SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS/ANESTHETICS
Diazepam Drug plus Metabolite:
(Valium) 0.2-2.0 [mu]g/mL
Oxazapam 0.2-1.4 [mu]g/mL
(Serax)
Alprazolam 20-30 ng/mL
(Xanax)
Clonazepam 10-50 ng/mL
(Klonopin)
Chlordiazepoxide 0.1-3.0 [mu]g/mL
(Librium)
Lorazepam 50-240 ng/mL
(Ativan, Loraz)
Flunitrazepam 5-15 ng/mL
(Rohyphol)
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate 48-125 mg/L
(Somatomax) (for narcolepsy)
Ketamine 0.5-6.3 [mu]g/mL
Hydrochloride
(Ketajet)
NOTE: Refer to manufacturer's insert for information on other
Benzodiazepines and metabolites.
* Commonly accepted cut-off values; may be different for specific
jurisdictions and methods. Sensitivities to various drugs are
method-specific. Sensitivity/cut-off data are from method literature
and package inserts.
(S)=Screening cut-off (C)=Confirmation cut-off or Limit of
Quantitation (LOQ)
(1) Screening single-use immunoassay device (consult package insert
for specific method)
(2) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
(3) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
(4) Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
(5) Screening single-use ELISA device-Forensic toxicology use only
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