Creation of Israel: Role of an American peacemaker. (Skills Master 1).Read the World article on pages 9-11. Study the Geography Smart: "Struggle for Land" on pages 12-13. Refer to the background information here and answer the questions BACKGROUND Desire for a Homeland: In the 19th century, Jews in many parts of the world and particularly in Eastern Europe Eastern Europe The countries of eastern Europe, especially those that were allied with the USSR in the Warsaw Pact, which was established in 1955 and dissolved in 1991. , where they were being persecuted, longed for a national homeland. Their choice was the site of ancient Israel. At the time, it was part of the Turkish-Ottoman Empire. It was an area sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Aliyah aliyah (Hebrew; “ascending”) In Judaism, the honour, accorded to a worshiper, of being called up to read an assigned passage from the Torah at Sabbath morning services; or Jewish immigration to Israel. : Refers to Biblical references to "the coming back of Jews to the Land of Israel for permanent settlement." This migration of Jews back to Palestine began in 1882 and lasted until 1903. The First Aliyah The First Aliyah (also The Farmers' Aliyah) was the first modern widespread wave of Zionist aliyah. Jews who migrated to Palestine in this wave came mostly from eastern Europe and from Yemen. This wave of aliyah began in 1881-2 and lasted until 1903. alarmed Arabs because of the rise of Jewish settlers in the area. War and Promises: World War I broke out in 1914 between Germany, Austria, and Turkey on one side, with Britain, France, Russia, and many allies on the other side. To win the war, Britain asked for help from Jews and Arabs. In return, the British promised Palestine as a homeland to each group. Mandate: The British took Palestine from the Turks in 1917. Three years later, they received a mandate (authority) from the League of Nations to administer Palestine for the benefit of both its Arab and Jewish residents. The task was not easy. Arabs tried to block Jewish immigration immigration, entrance of a person (an alien) into a new country for the purpose of establishing permanent residence. Motives for immigration, like those for migration generally, are often economic, although religious or political factors may be very important. . Jewish settlers fought back. Caught in the middle, the British lashed out at both sides. Holocaust: Events in Europe added pressure to the need for a Jewish homeland. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party Nazi Party German political party of National Socialism. Founded in 1919 as the German Workers' Party, it changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party when Adolf Hitler became leader (1920–21). took power in Germany. They persecuted Jews in Germany and in countries conquered by Germany. During World War 11(1939-1945), more than 6 million people, many of them Jews, were murdered by the Nazis. Many Jewish refugees In the course of history, Jewish populations have been expelled or ostracised by various local authorities and have sought asylum from antisemitism numerous times. The articles History of antisemitism and Timeline of antisemitism contain more detailed chronology of anti-Jewish and survivors tried to enter Palestine. Their numbers were limited by the British, and violently opposed by Arabs. Partition: The United Nations General Assembly voted in 1947 to partition Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states. The Jews accepted partition and created the nation of Israel on May 14, 1948. The Arabs rejected it and went to war. Dr. Ralph Bunche Noun 1. Ralph Bunche - United States diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971) Bunche, Ralph Johnson Bunche : As the first African-American division head in the U.S. State A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States, although four states use the official title "commonwealth". The separate state governments and the federal government share sovereignty, in that an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and Department, Or. Ralph Johnson Bunche Noun 1. Ralph Johnson Bunche - United States diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971) Bunche, Ralph Bunche became an expert on race relations and colonial administration. He joined the United Nations in 1946 and headed the UN Palestine Commission. When the UN mediator, Count Folke Bernadotte, was assassinated as·sas·si·nate tr.v. as·sas·si·nat·ed, as·sas·si·nat·ing, as·sas·si·nates 1. To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons. 2. in Jerusalem in 1948, Dr. Bunche took on the job. He succeeded in ending the fighting between Israel and the Arab nations of Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria in 1949. For this, Or, Bunche became, in 1950, the first African-American to win the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. . RELATED ARTICLE: QUESTIONS 1. In 1914, Palestine was part of the (A) British Empire; (B) Russian Empire; (C) Ottoman Empire. 2. What country was given authority to administer Palestine in 1920? (A) United States; (B) Britain; (C) Israel. 3. The First Aliyah (1882-1903) was intended to promote the settlement in Palestine of (A) Jews; (B) Arab Muslims; (C) Arab Christians. 4. Who murdered millions of Jews during World War II? (A) the Soviet Union; (B) German Nazis; (C) Arabs. 5. When did the State of Israel come into being? (A) 1945; (B) 1948; (C) 1967. 6. In what year did Israel more than double the area under its control? (A) 1967; (B) 1987; (C) 1992. 7. When did an independent Palestinian State come into being? (A) 1947; (B) 1993; (C) not yet. 8. One of the cease-fires brought about with the help of Dr. Ralph Bunche was between (A) Israel and Britain; (B) Iran and Iraq; (C) Israel and Lebanon. 9. Dr. Ralph Bunche was (A) a citizen of the world working on his own behalf; (B) the U.S. ambassador to the UN; (C) a U.S. citizen, representing the UN. 10. The First African-American to win the Nobel Peace Prize was (A) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.; (B) Dr. Ralph Bunche; (C) Dr. George Washing- (Answers) 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B |
|
||||||||||||||||
Printer friendly
Cite/link
Email
Feedback
Reader Opinion