Countdown Iraq.A countdown began Nov. 8, when the UN Security Council gave Iraq Iraq or Irak (both: ēräk`, ĭrăk`), officially Republic of Iraq, republic (2005 est. pop. 26,075,000), 167,924 sq mi (434,924 sq km), SW Asia. a "final opportunity" to rid itself of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. UN inspectors must verify (1) To prove the correctness of data. (2) In data entry operations, to compare the keystrokes of a second operator with the data entered by the first operator to ensure that the data were typed in accurately. See validate. that the weapons are gone, the council said, or Iraq will face "serious consequences"--almost surely meaning American-led military action. The UN ordered its arms inspectors to resume work within 45 days (no later than Dec. 23). It ordered the inspectors to report on the status of Iraq's disarmament disarmament Reduction in armaments by one or more nations. Arms reductions may be imposed by a war's victors on the defeated (as happened after Germany's defeat in World War I). 60 days after that (no later than Feb. 21). What's next? That depends on Iraq. Upfront's time line shows how Iraq has reacted to pressure in the past.
time line
* 1990 Operation Desert Shield
Aug. 2 Iraq Invades Kuwait and seizes oil fields. Iraqi
troops mobilize along Saudi Arabia border.
Aug. 7 Iraq refuses to pull out of Kuwait, President
George Bush commits U.S. forces to protect
Saudi Arabia (Operation Desert Shield).
* 1991 Operation Desert Storm
January Multinational coalition, led by U.S., assembles
about 670,000 troops in region; more than
500,000 are American.
Jan. 15 UN Security Council appeals to Iraq to withdraw
from Kuwait; gets no response.
Jan. 17 Coalition warplanes launch attacks on Iraqi
targets (Operation Desert Storm). Air-war
campaign will last 38 days.
Jan. 25 Iraq begins "environmental war," pumping
millions of gallons of crude oil into Persian Gull;
called largest oil spill in history.
Feb. 23 Up to 700 oil wells in Kuwait set on fire by Iraqis.
Feb. 24 Ground war begins; it will last 100 hours.
Feb. 27 Coalition forces announce liberation of Kuwait.
Feb. 28 Cease-fire takes effect. Estimated Iraqi losses:
up to 100,000 troops. U.S. battle losses: 148.
March 2 UN Security Council tells Iraq It must stop military
action, destroy weapons of mass destruction,
and cooperate with UN arms Inspectors.
March 3 Shiite Muslims In southern Iraq begin revolt,
followed by Kurds in north; both insurrections
crushed. Coalition eventually designates safe
havens for both groups and bans Iraqi aircraft
from those areas ("no-fly zones").
July 30 UN weapons Inspectors report Iraqi efforts
to conceal nuclear weapons program.
* 1993 More Missiles Fly
January U.S. accuses Iraq of moving missiles into southern
Iraq. Coalition forces attack missile sites and a
nuclear facility.
June U.S. fires cruise missiles at Iraqi intelligence
center after discovering plot to assassinate
former President Bush In Kuwait in April.
* 1996 Operation Desert Strike
Aug. 31 Iraqi troops seize Irbil, a Kurdish city Inside
safe haven of northern no-fly zone.
Sept. 3-4 U.S. cruise missiles attack Iraqi military targets
(Operation Desert Strike). President Bill Clinton
expands southern no-fly zone to southern
suburbs of Baghdad.
* 1997 Inspection Issues
Fall Iraq says U.S. members of UN Inspection trims
are spies, expels them. UN withdraws other
Inspectors in protest. Inspectors readmitted
after U.S. and Britain begin new military buildup.
* 1998 Operation Desert Fox
April Weapons inspectors say Iraq is continuing efforts
to deceive them. Iraq says inspectors are biased.
Oct. 31 Iraq cuts off work by UN Inspectors. Another
military buildup begins.
Nov. 11 UN evacuates most staff from Iraq.
NOV. 14 With American bombers route for attack,
Iraq accepts return of inspectors.
Dec. 8 Inspectors Iraq is blocking work, begin
leaving country.
Dec. 16 U.S., Britain begin bombing suspected nuclear,
chemical, and biological weapons sites
(Operation Desert Fox).
* 2002 The Gathering Store
Jan. 29 President George W. Bush calls Iraq part of
"axis of evil." He accuses it of actively working
on weapons of mass destruction.
Sept. 12 At UN, Bush says world leaders must confront
"grave and gathering danger" of Iraq or U.S.
will act alone, if necessary.
Oct. 10 Congress authorizes use of military force
"against the continuing throat" posed by Iraq.
Nov. 8 UN Security Council tells Iraq to comply with
disarmament, backed up by Inspections, or else.
Sources: Defense Department; GlobalSecurity.org; Federation of
American Scientists; BBC
Upfront QUIZ A quiz is a form of game or mind sport in which the players (as individuals or in teams) attempt to answer questions correctly. Quizzes are also brief assessments used in education and similar fields to measure growth in knowledge, abilities, and/or skills. 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE > INTERNATIONAL DIRECTIONS: Circle the letter next to,the correct answer. 1. The United Nations has sent special inspection teams into Iraq to search for a Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein (born April 28, 1937, Tikrit, Iraq—died Dec. 30, 2006, Baghdad) President of Iraq (1979–2003). He joined the Ba'th Party in 1957. Following participation in a failed attempt to assassinate Iraqi Pres. . b Western prisoners held by Iraq. c weapons of mass destruction Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. Weapons of mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or . d spies spies n. Plural of spy. v. Third person singular present tense of spy. . 2. After Iraq invaded Kuwait Kuwait (k  wīt`, –wāt) or Kowait (kō`–), officially State of Kuwait, independent sheikhdom (2005 est. pop. in 1990, the U.S. sent troops to the
region to protecta Americans living in the area. b Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia (sä  `dē ərā`bēə, sou`–, sô–), officially Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, kingdom (2005 est. pop. .c Iran. d U.S. government property. 3. Following the U.S.-led military coalition's attack against Iraq, the Iraqis This is a list of Iraqis or people from Iraq who have been famous and/or have an article. Actors/Actresses
a set fire to oil wells in Kuwait. b threatened to use nuclear weapons. c called on the UN to arrange a cease-fire. d immediately surrendered. 4. The term "no-fly zones no-fly zone n. Airspace in which certain aircraft, especially military aircraft, are forbidden to fly. no-fly zone n → zona de exclusión aérea no-fly zone " refers to those areas over Iraq where a U.S. military planes are forbidden to fly. b U.S. commercial planes are forbidden to fly. c Iraqi planes are forbidden to fly. d it is too dangerous to fly. 5. In 1993, the U.S. fired missiles at Iraq after discovering an Iraqi plot to a launch another invasion of Kuwait The Invasion of Kuwait, also known as the Iraq-Kuwait War, was a major conflict between the Republic of Iraq and the State of Kuwait which resulted in the 7 month long Iraqi occupation of Kuwait[4] . b test nuclear weapons. c assassinate as·sas·si·nate tr.v. as·sas·si·nat·ed, as·sas·si·nat·ing, as·sas·si·nates 1. To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons. 2. former President Bush. d attack Israel Israel, in the Bible Israel (ĭz`rēəl, ĭz`rāəl) [as understood by Hebrews,=he strives with God], according to the book of Genesis, name given to Jacob as eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews, the chosen people of God. . 6. During the 1991 Persian Gulf war Persian Gulf War or Gulf War (1990–91) International conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. Though justified by Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein on grounds that Kuwait was historically part of Iraq, the invasion was presumed to be , the U.S bombed Iraq's capital city, a Basra. b Mecca. c Tehran Tehran or Teheran (both: tā'ərän`, –răn`), city (1991 pop. 6,475,527), capital of Iran and Tehran prov., N Iran, near Mt. Damavand. . d Baghdad. ANSWER KEY 1. (c) weapons of mass destruction 2. (b) Saudi Arabia 3. (a) set fire to oil wells in Kuwait 4. (c) Iraqi planes are forbidden to fly 5. (c) assassinate former President Bush 6. (d) Baghdad |
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