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Corporate And Financial Weekly Digest - March 28, 2008.




SEC/Corporate Robert L. Kohl, Mark A. Conley & David S. Kravitz

SEC Proposes Amendments to Regulation S-P's Privacy Rules On March 4, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed amendments to Regulation S-P, setting forth more specific requirements for the safeguarding of information and responses to security breaches, broadening the scope of the information covered by Regulation S-P's safeguarding and disposal provisions, extending the application of disposal provisions to natural persons associated with brokers, dealers, registered investment advisors Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) is a designation obtainable in the United States by an individual who has registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or state regulatory agency (where the primary business is situated or multiple States in some cases) in  and registered transfer agents, and permitting a limited transfer of information to a nonaffiliated third party without the required notice and opt out when personnel move from one broker-dealer or registered investment advisor to another.

To improve information safeguarding and responses to security breaches, the Commission proposes requiring institutions subject to the safeguard rules to develop, implement and maintain a comprehensive information security program, including written policies and procedures Policies and Procedures are a set of documents that describe an organization's policies for operation and the procedures necessary to fulfill the policies. They are often initiated because of some external requirement, such as environmental compliance or other governmental , technical and physical safeguards for personal information, and responses to unauthorized access of personal information. In connection with the new information security programs, the Commission proposes clarifying harms it considers relevant that may result from an institution's failure to safeguard sensitive personal information, including personal injury and non-trivial financial losses. Such programs would also be required to provide notice to individuals whose personal information is, or is reasonably possible to be, misused.

The Commission also proposes broadening the scope of Regulation S-P's information disposal rules to include information relating to relating to relate prepconcernant

relating to relate prepbezüglich +gen, mit Bezug auf +acc 
 a person's creditworthiness Creditworthiness

The condition in which the risk of default on a debt obligation by that entity is deemed low.


Creditworthiness

Eligibility of an individual or firm to borrow money.
, credit standing or reputation. The amendment would cover information identified with any person in any form-paper, electronic or otherwise-that is handled by an institution, or maintained for an institution's benefit, that is covered by Regulation S-P. Such amendment would also be extended to cover persons who are associated with broker-dealers, supervised persons of a registered investment advisor and associated persons of a registered transfer agent.

Finally, the Commission proposes amending Regulation S-P to permit limited disclosures when a registered representative of a broker-dealer or supervised person of a registered investment firm moves from one brokerage or advisory firm to another. This amendment would allow firms with departing representatives to share limited customer information with such representatives' new firms that could be used to contact clients and offer them a choice of whether to follow their broker or advisor to their new firm. The information shared would be limited to the customer's name and contact information - information the Commission believes is unlikely to put an investor at serious risk of identity theft.

http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/2008/34-57427.pdf

Litigation An action brought in court to enforce a particular right. The act or process of bringing a lawsuit in and of itself; a judicial contest; any dispute.

When a person begins a civil lawsuit, the person enters into a process called litigation.
 Alan R. Friedman & Brian L. Muldrew

Denial of Leave to Amend Securities Complaint Affirmed on Basis of Futility The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed a decision dismissing Plaintiff's class action securities fraud complaint and denying Plaintiff leave to amend. Plaintiff filed suit after a clinical trial to determine if the range of medical procedures to which one of the defendant company's medical devices applied could be expanded was unsuccessful. When the results of the trial were announced, the company's stock dropped "considerably." Plaintiff claimed in the lawsuit that public statements defendants had made during the pendency Pend´en`cy

n. 1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.
2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a suit s>.
 of the clinical trial about the trials potentially favorable impact on company revenue were materially misleading.

The District Court dismissed Plaintiff's complaint, ruling that it failed to meet the heightened pleading standards of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PSLRA) implemented several significant substantive changes affecting certain cases brought under the federal securities laws, including changes related to pleading, discovery, liability, class representation and awards fees and . The Court also denied Plaintiff's request for leave to amend, finding that any effort to assert a meritorious mer·i·to·ri·ous  
adj.
Deserving reward or praise; having merit.



[Middle English, from Latin merit
 claim would be futile.

In upholding the District Court's denial of leave to amend, the Eighth Circuit ruled that the plaintiff had failed to demonstrate any meaningful basis upon which it could amend its complaint to comply with the applicable pleading standards. With respect to the plaintiff's new contention that defendants had received the results of the clinical trial several months prior to their disclosure to the investing public, the Court ruled that, even accepting this contention as true, it still would not establish a potentially meritorious claim because the allegedly false and misleading statements and "suspicious" stock transactions on which Plaintiff based its fraud claim occurred prior to the date Defendant allegedly received the clinical trial data. (Cornelia I. Crowell GST GST
abbr.
Greenwich sidereal time


GST (in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada) Goods and Services Tax
 Trust v. Possis Medical, Inc., 2008 WL 746682 (8th Cir. March 21, 2008))

Statute of Limitations A type of federal or state law that restricts the time within which legal proceedings may be brought.

Statutes of limitations, which date back to early Roman Law, are a fundamental part of European and U.S. law.
 Barred Federal Securities Claims Plaintiffs sued defendants, a software company (Aspen) and several of its officers and directors, for, among other things, violating sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Plaintiffs claimed that in 2002 Defendants fraudulently induced them to purchase over $6 million of Aspen stock by falsely representing Aspen's financial strength and the efficacy of its accounting practices. Subsequent to making this investment, Plaintiffs became officers of Aspen.

In late 2004, Aspen publicly announced that its Audit Committee was investigating the accounting treatment of certain transactions, that federal prosecutors were investing its accounting practices and that it would be restating its financial statements for 2000-2004. As a result of these announcements, Aspen's stock plummeted and a securities class action lawsuit class action lawsuit

A lawsuit in which one party or a limited number of parties sue on behalf of a larger group to which the parties belong. For example, investors may bring a class action lawsuit against a brokerage firm that has actively promoted a tax
 was filed (the Class Action).

After plaintiffs commenced their lawsuit in February 2007, Defendants moved to dismiss the federal securities fraud claims on the grounds that they were barred by the statute of limitations. Under the Exchange Act, "[a] plaintiff must file a securities fraud claim within the earlier of 2 years after the discovery of the facts constituting the violation or 5 years after such violation." Defendants argued that Plaintiff's claims were untimely because they had been put on notice of the alleged violations in late 2004 when the company made various public announcements regarding its problematic accounting issues.

Plaintiffs did not dispute that more than two years had lapsed since they were put on notice of their potential claims; however, they argued that they were members of the Class Action and, accordingly, that the limitations period was tolled until they opted out in February 2006. While the Court agreed that "the filing of a class action 'suspends the applicable statute of limitations as to all asserted members of the class," until they opt out or otherwise cease to be members, the Court ruled that this toll did not apply to Plaintiffs. The complaint in the Class Action expressly excluded officers and directors of Aspen from the class. Because the Court found, as a matter of law, that Plaintiffs were officers of Aspen, they were not "asserted members of the class," and, accordingly, the Court ruled that the statute of limitations had not been tolled and Plaintiff's claims were, thus, untimely. (380544 Canada, Inc., et al. v. Aspen Technology Aspen Technology (NASDAQ: AZPN) provides software and professional services to the manufacturing and process industries which allows companies to model, manage, and control their operations.

AspenTech was founded in 1981 by MIT professor Dr.
, Inc., et al., 2008 WL 731971 (S.D.N.Y. March 18, 2008)).

Broker Dealer James D. Van De Graaff Noun 1. Van de Graaff - United States physicist (1901-1967)
Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, Robert Van de Graaff
, Daren R. Domina, Patricia L. Levy, Janet M. Angstadt, Ross Pazzol & Lance A. Zinman

SEC Proposes "Naked" Short Selling Short Selling

The selling of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale that is completed by the delivery of a security borrowed by the seller. Short sellers assume that they will be able to buy the stock at a lower amount than the price at which they sold short.
 Anti-Fraud Rule The Securities and Exchange Commission is proposing new Rule 10b-21 under the Securities Exchange Act to define and deter abusive naked short selling Naked short selling, or naked shorting refers to the practice of selling a stock short without first borrowing the shares or making an "affirmative determination" that the shares can be borrowed. . The proposed rule would make it unlawful for any person to submit an order to sell a security if such person deceives a broker-dealer, participant of a registered clearing agency, or purchaser regarding its intention or ability to deliver the security on the date delivery is due, and such person fails to deliver the security on or before the date delivery is due.

If a seller deceives a broker-dealer about the validity of its locate source, the seller would be liable under proposed Rule 10b-21 if the seller also fails to deliver securities by the date delivery is due. Intent would be a necessary element for a violation of the proposed rule, and a violation would occur only if a "fail to deliver" results from the relevant transaction. A seller relying in good faith on a broker-dealer's "Easy to Borrow" list to satisfy the locate requirement would not be deceiving the broker-dealer at the time it submits an order to sell a security that it cannot or intends not to deliver.

Broker-dealers (including market makers) acting for their own accounts would be considered sellers, but market makers engaged in bona fide [Latin, In good faith.] Honest; genuine; actual; authentic; acting without the intention of defrauding.

A bona fide purchaser is one who purchases property for a valuable consideration that is inducement for entering into a contract and without suspicion of being
 market making activities are exempt from locate requirements given their need to facilitate customer orders in a fast paced market. Broker-dealers acting for their own accounts would also be liable under the proposed rule for marking an order "long" if the broker-dealer knows or recklessly disregards that it is not "deemed to own" the security being sold or that the security being sold is not, or cannot reasonably be expected to be, in the broker-dealer's physical possession or control by the date delivery is due, and the broker-dealer fails to deliver the security by settlement date.

Although the proposed rule is primarily aimed at sellers that deceive specified persons about their intention or ability to deliver shares or about their locate sources and ownership of shares, as with any rule, broker-dealers could be liable for aiding and abetting a·bet  
tr.v. a·bet·ted, a·bet·ting, a·bets
1. To approve, encourage, and support (an action or a plan of action); urge and help on.

2.
 a customer's fraud under the proposed rule.

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5697.pdf

NYSE NYSE

See: New York Stock Exchange
 to List Special Purpose Acquisition Companies The New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

World's largest marketplace for securities. The exchange began as an informal meeting of 24 men in 1792 on what is now Wall Street in New York City.
 has proposed amending its listing standards to permit the listing of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs). SPACs are formed for the purpose of raising capital in an IPO (Initial Public Offering) The first time a company offers shares of stock to the public. While not a computer term per se, many founders, employees and insiders of computer companies have found this acronym more exciting than any tech term they ever heard.  and entering into an undetermined merger or business combination with one or more operating companies. Typically, the securities sold by SPACs in their IPO are units consisting of one share of common stock and one or more warrants or fractional warrants to purchase common stock that are separable sep·a·ra·ble  
adj.
Possible to separate: separable sheets of paper.



sep
 at some point after the IPO.

Recent SPAC SPAC Saratoga Performing Arts Center (New York)
SPAC Special Purpose Acquisition Company
SPAC Sustainable Production and Consumption
SPAC Student Professional Awareness Conference
SPAC State Public Affairs Committee
 offerings have generally incorporated certain important investor protections that render them suitable for NYSE listing under new Section 102.06 of the Listed Company listed company ncompañía cotizable

listed company nsociété cotée en Bourse

listed company list n
 Manual which will require SPACs to demonstrate a total market value of at least $250 million and a market value of publicly held shares of $200 million. SPACs deemed suitable for listing will be subject to certain minimum requirements including:

At least 90% of the proceeds from the IPO will be held in a trust account controlled by an independent custodian until consummation of the business combination equal to 80% of the assets held in trust.

The business combination must be approved by a majority vote of the votes cast by public shareholders at a duly held shareholders meeting.

Each public shareholder voting against the business combination will have the right to convert its shares of common stock into a pro rata [Latin, Proportionately.] A phrase that describes a division made according to a certain rate, percentage, or share.

In a Bankruptcy case, when the debtor is insolvent, creditors generally agree to accept a pro rata share of what is owed to them.
 share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account.

The SPAC cannot consummate its business combination if public shareholders owning in excess of a threshold amount (to be set no higher than 40%) of the shares of common stock issued in the IPO exercise their conversion rights.

The SPAC will be liquidated if the business combination has not been consummated within a specified time period not to exceed three years.

Founding shareholders must waive their rights to participate in any liquidation distribution with respect to all shares of common stock owned by each of them prior to the IPO or purchased in any private placement occurring in conjunction with the IPO, including the common stock underlying any founders' warrants.

The NYSE intends to consider proposed listings on a case-by-case basis and does not necessarily intend to list every SPAC that meets the minimum requirements for listing.

After shareholder approval of a business combination, the Exchange will consider whether continued listing will be in the best interests of the Exchange and the public interest. After consummation, a company that had originally listed as a SPAC will be considered to be below compliance standards if it does not meet the continued listing standards applicable to operating companies listed under the Exchange's Earnings Test. When a listed SPAC consummates its business combination, the Exchange will consider whether the combination gives rise to a "back door listing," i.e., whether the transaction in the opinion of the Exchange constitutes an acquisition of the SPAC by an unlisted company.

Finally, The NYSE also proposes adoption of a requirement that any equity security listing on the Exchange, including SPAC securities, must have a closing price or, if listing in connection with an IPO, an IPO price per share, of at least $4 at the time of initial listing.

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5673.pdf

FINRA FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (formerly Securities Industry Regulatory Authority)  Announces Changes to Form NMA NMA Nederlandse Mededingingsautoriteit
NMA National Medical Association
NMA National Mining Association
NMA NetWare Management Agent (Novell)
NMA New Model Army
NMA National Motorists Association
NMA North Mississippi Allstars
  The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Not to be confused with NASD.
In the United States, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a new self-regulatory organization (SRO) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD).
 (FINRA) has proposed changes to NASD NASD

See: National Association of Securities Dealers


NASD

See National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD).
 Rule 1013 to revise its New Member Application Form NMA and change the procedure for filing the form and supporting documentation. Effective February 29, FINRA is requiring applicants to make Form NMA filings electronically directly with Department of Member Regulation, and to send supporting documents such as Form BD, fingerprint cards of associated persons and CRD CRD

See Central Registration Depository (CRD).
 entitlement forms to a centralized location within the Department.

FINRA has also revised Form NMA from a static electronic document to a more user-friendly format which will automatically retrieve certain information from an applicant's Form U4 and Form BD, and will provide applicants a greater level of detail regarding required application information. Applicants will also now be required to pay the membership application fee electronically. Rule 1013 previously required applicants to submit Form NMA electronically to the District Office where their principal place of business is located, and deliver to the same office the supporting documents and membership application fee via first class mail, overnight courier or hand delivery. Implementation of these rule changes will be after FINRA publishes a Regulatory Notice detailing the changes.

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5418.pdf

SEC Issues Municipal Auction Rate Securities No-Action Letter No-action letter

A letter from the Securities and Exchange Commission agreeing that the commission will take no civil or criminal action against a party, regarding a specific activity.
 In response to hundreds of recent failed auctions for municipal auction rate securities, the Securities and Exchange Commission has issued a No-Action Letter detailing the circumstances in which Municipal Issuers, Conduit Borrowers and participating dealers and auctions agents may participate in bidding for the securities. See the related article in the March 14, 2008 edition of Corporate and Financial Weekly Digest. In its March 14 No-Action letter, the SEC indicated that, notwithstanding 19 cease-and-desist orders issued to firms for practices in the municipal auction-rate security market violating securities laws since May 2006, enforcement would not be recommended against conduit borrowers, issuers of municipal securities and brokers bidding for them or for their own proprietary accounts provided certain disclosures are made by Municipal Issuers, Conduit Borrowers or the broker:

Disclosure at least 2 business days prior to an auction of the intention to bid in a particular auction, the intention of participating dealers to bid on its own or a Municipal Issuer's or Conduit Borrower's behalf, and the interest rate(s) and amount(s) of municipal auction rate securities that will be bid for.

If intending to bid for nearly all (90% or more) of an issue, disclosure of any steps taken to allow remaining holders of the issue to sell their securities following the auction.

Appropriately detailed information regarding bidding in the immediately preceding auction.

Any steps to avoid an auction leading to a below-market clearing interest rate.

Prompt disclosure following the auction of appropriately detailed information concerning the bidding that occurred.

Timely dissemination of the foregoing disclosures to the public and the rating agencies.

The No-Acton Letter notes that appropriate disclosure in any particular case will, of course, depend on all the relevant facts and circumstances including the following:

Is the submission, acceptance and processing of a bid permissible under the contractual arrangements governing the particular municipal auction rate securities?

Is submission of a bid consistent with the Municipal Issuer's or Conduit Borrower's disclosure documents?

Is submission of a bid otherwise permissible under federal securities law, state law or the rules of any self-regulatory organization Self-regulatory organization (SRO)

Organizations that enforce fair, ethical, and efficient practices in the securities and commodity futures industries, including all national securities and commodities exchanges and the NASD.
?

http://www.sec.gov/divisions/corpfin/cf-noaction/2008/mars031408.pdf

AMEX AMEX

See: American Stock Exchange
 to Conform Options Supervisory and Control Rules to NYSE, NASD, CBOE CBOE

See: Chicago Board Options Exchange


CBOE

See Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).
  The American Stock Exchange American Stock Exchange (AMEX)

Stock exchange in the U.S. Originally known as “the Curb,” it began as an outdoor marketplace in New York City c. 1850. It moved indoors to its present location in the Wall Street area in 1921.
 has proposed rule changes to conform their option supervision rules to those of the NASD and New York Stock Exchange.

AMEX is eliminating the requirement that member organizations designate a single person to act as a Senior Registered Options Principal (SROP SROP Senior Registered Options Principal
SROP Self-Reviewing Occupational Field
) for the organization and a Compliance Registered Options Principal (CROP) (the same individual was permitted to serve in both capacities) for those members qualified to do a public customer business in options.

This rule change will permit member firms to assign such responsibilities, which formerly rested with the SROP/or CROP, to more than one Registered Option Principal (ROP (1) (Raster Operation) An instruction that manipulates the bits of a bitmapped image in some manner.

(2) (RISC Operation) An instruction in a RISC processor.
)-qualified individual who may have supervisory responsibility over segments of the member's public customer business - e.g., an individual in charge of compliance with all margin rules could also supervise margin compliance by option accounts.

The rule change will also eliminate the requirement that discretionary options orders be approved on the day of entry by a ROP, where the member uses supervisory tools in computerized format or exception reports generated after the close of a trading day In Business, the trading day is the time span that a particular stock exchange is open. For example, the New York Stock Exchange is, as of 2006, open from 09:30AM to 4:00PM. Trading days never take place on weekends. . For member organizations not utilizing computer surveillance tools, a ROP would still be required to approve and initial each discretionary order Discretionary Order

An order giving a broker the ability to decide when to buy/sell securities at the best possible price for the customer. Some discretionary orders place restrictive terms to limit the amount of discretion the broker has.
 on the day entered. Discretionary orders would be required to be reviewed in accordance with the firm's written supervisory procedures.

Each member organization would be required to submit, to the AMEX and the member's control person or audit committee, a written report by April 1 of each year detailing the member organization's supervision and compliance efforts, including its options compliance programs, during the preceding year and report on the adequacy of the member organization's ongoing compliance processes and procedures. This could be the same report submitted under NYSE Rule 342.30 or NASD Rule 3013. In addition, the member firm's Chief Executive Officer would have to make the same certifications as to the firm's supervisory policies and processes, his review thereof and meetings with the Chief Compliance Officer as are now required under NYSE Rule 342.30 and NASD Rule 3013.

Member firms must have written policies and procedures to supervise sales managers and other supervisory personnel who service customer options accounts. Supervisory reviews of producing sales managers must be conducted by a ROP who is either senior to, or otherwise "independent of," the producing manager under review.

Member organizations will be required to develop and maintain adequate controls over each of their business activities and such controls must include the establishment of procedures to independently verify and test the supervisory systems and procedures for those business activities. The rules will also require member organizations to inspect each supervisory branch at least annually and each non-supervisory branch office at least once every three years, with the inspection conducted by persons independent of the direct supervision or control of the branch office.

Other rule changes will require that before a customer options order is executed, the account name or designation be placed on the memorandum for each transaction and limit approval of account name or designated changes to a ROP; and will permit member organizations to exercise time and price discretion on orders for a definite number DEFINITE NUMBER. An ascertained number; the term is usually applied in opposition to an indefinite number.
     2. When there is a definite number of corporators, in order to do a lawful act, a majority of the whole must be present; but it is not necessary they
 of options contracts in a specified option and amount limited to the day the discretionary authorization is granted or in the case of institutional customers, to exercise price and quantity discretion on institutional orders that are good until cancelled and on a non-held basis.

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5965.pdf

Investment Companies and Investment Advisors Marybeth Sorady, Daren R. Domina, Peter J. Shea, Morris N. Simkin & Kathleen H. Moriarty

OCIE OCIE Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (SEC)
OCIE Organizational Clothing & Individual Equipment
OCIE Oklahoma Council for Indian Education
 Director Announces Investment Advisor Examination "Top Ten" Lori Richards, Director of the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations

An SEC office that administers nationwide examinations and inspections for registered self-regulatory organizations, broker-dealers, transfer agents, clearing agencies, investment companies, and investment
 (OCIE) of the Securities and Exchange Commission, on March 20 announced the top ten areas of focus in SEC examinations of investment advisors. In a speech before the IA Compliance Best Practices Summit 2008, she said the OCIE inspection staff will focus on the following:

Controls over valuation;

Controls over non-public information, personal trading, and code of ethics Code of Ethics can refer to:
  • Ethical code, a code of professional responsibility, noting what behaviors are "ethical".
  • Code of Ethics (band), a 90's Christian New Wave/Pop band
;

Dealing with elderly investors;

Compliance and supervision;

Portfolio management;

Brokerage arrangements and best execution;

Allocations of trades;

Performance advertising, marketing, and fund distribution activities;

Safety of clients' and funds' assets; and

Information processing information processing: see data processing.
information processing

Acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and dissemination of information. Today the term usually refers to computer-based operations.
 and protection (books and records, disclosures, and filings).

http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/2008/spch032008lar.htm

CFTC CFTC

See: Commodity Futures Trading Commission


CFTC

See Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
 Kenneth Rosenzweig, Fred M. Santo, Kevin Foley
For the English footballer, see Kevin Foley (footballer).


Kevin Foley, Australian politician, is the current Deputy Premier of South Australia, serving under Premier Mike Rann. Foley is a member of the Australian Labor Party.
 & Lance A. Zinman

CFTC Proposes Exemptive Order for Futures on streetTRACKS Gold Trust Shares In furtherance of the recent Memorandum of Understanding A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is a legal document describing a bilateral or multilateral agreement between parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action and may not imply a legal commitment.  between the Commodity Futures Trading Commission The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal regulatory agency for futures trading, was established by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 1389; 7 U.S.C.A. 4a), approved October 23, 1974.  and the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding enhanced regulatory cooperation, the CFTC has proposed an exemptive order regarding the listing and trading of futures contracts based on the streetTRACKS Gold Shares exchange-traded fund Exchange-traded funds (or ETFs) are Open Ended investment companies that can be traded at any time throughout the course of the day. Typically, ETFs try to replicate a stock market index such as the S&P 500 (e.g. (the Shares). The Shares represent interests in the streetTRACKS Gold Trust, the underlying assets of which consist of gold bullion Gold bullion

Investment-grade, pure gold, which may be smelted into gold coins or gold bars.
 and cash. The proposed order would clarify that futures contracts on the Shares would be treated as security futures products, subject to the joint regulation of the CFTC and SEC, rather than commodity futures subject to the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction. The futures contracts described in the proposed order would be listed and traded on OneChicago, LLC (Logical Link Control) See "LANs" under data link protocol.

LLC - Logical Link Control
.

In a related action, the SEC has published for comment proposed rules filed by the Chicago Board Options Exchange Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)

A securities exchange created in the early 1970s for the public trading of standardized option contracts. Primary place for the trading of stock options, foreign currency options, and index options (S&P 100, 500, and OTC 250 index)
 and The Options Clearing Corporation relating to the listing, trading and clearance of options on the Shares.

The comment period for the CFTC's proposed order closes on March 31.

http://www.cftc.gov/newsroom/generalpressreleases/2008/pr5468-08.html http://www.cftc.gov/stellent/groups/public/@lrfederalregister/documents/file/e8-5203a.pdf

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5201.pdf http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20081800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-5200.pdf Banking Jeff Werthan, Christina J. Grigorian & Adam Bolter bolt·er 1  
n.
1. A horse given to bolting.

2. One who gives up membership in or withdraws support from a political party.
 

Proposed Revisions to Interagency in·ter·a·gen·cy  
adj.
Involving or representing two or more agencies, especially government agencies.
 Questions and Answers Regarding Flood Insurance Flood insurance denotes the specific insurance coverage against property loss from flooding. To determine risk factors for specific properties, insurers will often refer to topographical maps that denote lowlands and floodplains that are susceptible to flooding.   On March 21, the federal bank, thrift, credit union, and Farm Credit System regulatory agencies requested public comment on newly revised questions and answers regarding flood insurance.

The Interagency Questions and Answers Regarding Flood Insurance were first published in 1997 under the auspices of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, or FFIEC, is a formal interagency body of the United States government empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards, and report forms for the federal examination of financial institutions by the Board of . The agencies are proposing new questions and answers, as well as substantive and technical revisions to the existing guidance, to help financial institutions meet their responsibilities under federal flood insurance legislation and to increase public understanding of the flood insurance regulations. The proposed changes include substantive modifications to questions and answers pertaining to construction loans and condominiums.

The agencies are also proposing new questions and answers in a number of areas, including second lien A Second lien financing is a form of financing secured on a second ranking basis by (more or less) the same security, which secures the first ranking financing. The first lien lenders and the second lien lenders agree that, in the event of a security enforcement or bankruptcy, the  mortgages, the imposition of civil money penalties, and loan syndications/participations. Finally, the agencies are proposing to revise and reorganize certain existing questions and answers to clarify areas of potential misunderstanding and to provide clearer guidance.

After public comments are received and considered and the Interagency Questions and Answers are final, they would supersede To obliterate, replace, make void, or useless.

Supersede means to take the place of, as by reason of superior worth or right. A recently enacted statute that repeals an older law is said to supersede the prior legislation.
 the 1997 Interagency Questions and Answers and supplement other guidance or interpretations issued by the agencies and the Federal Emergency Management Agency The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the federal agency responsible for coordinating emergency planning, preparedness, risk reduction, response, and recovery. The agency works closely with state and local governments by funding emergency programs and providing technical .

The agencies invite comment on the proposed changes and, more generally, on other issues regarding compliance with the federal flood insurance statutes and regulations. Comments are due May 20.

http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/bcreg/Flood__Q_and_A_2008_FR_notice_3.21.08.pdf

Federal Reserve Study Reveals Biggest Share of Checks Are Consumer to Business The Federal Reserve's 2007 study of the composition of the check market released on March 25 shows that nearly 50 percent of checks written are consumer-to-business checks. The Check Sample Study reports on the composition of the check market based on responses from nine large financial institutions that together account for about one quarter of total U.S. paid check volume. The study, which categorizes the use of checks by payer, payee The person who is to receive the stated amount of money on a check, bill, or note.


payee n. the one named on a check or promissory note to receive payment.


PAYEE. The person in whose favor a bill of exchange is made payable.
, and purpose, is the third component of the 2007 Federal Reserve Payments Study. Results of the first two components of the study were released on December 10, 2007.

The highest percentage of check payers (writers) were consumers at 58 percent, while the highest percentage of check payees (receivers) were businesses at 72 percent. The check purpose with the highest percentage was remittance payments (payments to business and government payees that do not occur at the point of sale) at 49 percent.

The summary report of the 2007 Federal Reserve Payments Study revealed that 2.6 billion consumer checks were converted and cleared as automated clearinghouse (ACH) payments rather than check payments in 2006, an eight-fold increase over 2003. The Check Sample Study found that 42 percent of checks sampled were ineligible for ACH conversion under the current National Automated Clearinghouse Association rules. Ineligible checks include checks such as those with missing or no signature, checks greater than $25,000, and checks from businesses and the government.

http://www.frbservices.org/ Fed Announces Two Programs to Bolster Market Liquidity and Promote Orderly Market Orderly Market

Any market in which the supply and demand are reasonably equal.

Notes:
Orderly markets usually don't have volatile price swings and prices are competitive, reflecting the true value of the good or service.
 Functioning The Federal Reserve on March 16 announced two initiatives designed to bolster market liquidity and promote orderly market functioning. First, the Federal Reserve Board voted unanimously to authorize the Federal Reserve Bank of New York The Bank of New York, abbrieviated to BNY, was a global financial services company that existed until its merger with the Mellon Financial Corporation on July 2, 2007.[1] The bank now continues under the new name of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.  to create a lending facility to improve the ability of primary dealers to provide financing to participants in securitization Securitization

The process of creating a financial instrument by combining other financial assets and then marketing them to investors.

Notes:
Mortgage backed securities are a perfect example of securitization.

May also be spelled as "securitisation.
 markets. This facility was made available for business on March 17. It will be in place for at least six months and may be extended as conditions warrant. Credit extended to primary dealers under this facility may be collateralized by a broad range of investment-grade debt securities. The interest rate charged on such credit will be the same as the primary credit rate, or discount rate, at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Second, the Federal Reserve Board unanimously approved a request by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to decrease the primary credit rate from 3-1/2 percent to 3-1/4 percent, effective immediately. This step lowers the spread of the primary credit rate over the Federal Open Market Committee's target federal funds rate Federal Funds Rate

The interest rate at which a depository institution lends immediately available funds (balances at the Federal Reserve) to another depository institution overnight.
 to 1/4 percentage point. The Board also approved an increase in the maximum maturity of primary credit loans to 90 days from 30 days.

http://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/pdcf_terms.html

http://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/pdcf_faq.html

United Kingdom Developments Martin Cornish, Sam Tyfield, Edward Black For the United States Representative see Edward Junius Black

Edward Black, (10 December 1793 – May 7 1845), was a minister and teacher in Canada associated with the Church of Scotland.
 & Sean Donovan-Smith

FSA FSA Financial Services Authority
FSA Food Standards Agency (UK)
FSA Farm Service Agency (USDA)
FSA Financial Services Agency (Japan) 
 Admits Failures in Regulatory Oversight of Northern Rock On March 26, the UK Financial Services Authority The Financial Services Authority ("FSA") is an independent non-departmental public body and quasi-judicial body that regulates the financial services industry in the United Kingdom. Its main office is based in Canary Wharf, London, with another office in Edinburgh.  (FSA) published a summary of the review carried out by its internal audit division into FSA's supervision of Northern Rock, the failed UK bank. The review identified numerous areas for improvement in the execution of its supervision, which will be implemented urgently by FSA's management as part of a supervisory enhancement program.

Hector Sants Hector Sants is a British investment banker. He was appointed the Financial Services Authority chief in July 2007.

Sants was educated at Clifton College (Bristol, England) and Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
, FSA Chief Executive, admitted that it was clear that FSA's supervision of Northern Rock in the period leading up to the market instability of late summer 2007 was not carried out to an acceptable standard, although he added that it was impossible to judge whether without FSA's regulatory shortcomings A shortcoming is a character flaw.

Shortcomings may also be:
  • Shortcomings (SATC episode), an episode of the television series Sex and the City
 the Northern Rock affair would have had a different outcome.

After considering the internal audit report and the program of work set out by the FSA's management in response to the report's conclusions and recommendations, the FSA's Board confirmed its support for the FSA's fundamental philosophy of outcomes-focused, more principles-based regulation. It reiterated that regulated firms their boards and managements (rather than the regulator) carried the primary responsibility for ensuring their institutions' financial soundness.

The review identified four key failings of the FSA in relation to Northern Rock:

lack of sufficient supervisory engagement with the bank and a failure to follow up questions relating to the bank's potential vulnerability;

lack of adequate oversight and review by FSA line management of the quality, intensity and rigor rigor /rig·or/ (rig´er) [L.] chill; rigidity.

rigor mor´tis  the stiffening of a dead body accompanying depletion of adenosine triphosphate in the muscle fibers.
 of the firm's supervision by the FSA;

inadequate resources directly supervising the bank; and

lack of intensity in ensuring that available risk information was properly utilized by the supervisory team.

The review makes numerous recommendations for improving FSA bank supervision in the future. These include increased engagement with high impact firms and day to day supervision, improved use of market information and market intelligence in FSA supervision, improved quality and resourcing of financial and sectoral analysis and supervision, and increased level of oversight (including annual meetings with external auditors).

The review concluded that it was particularly significant that Northern Rock was the only major UK bank not to have a formal Risk Mitigation Program agreed with its FSA supervisors. Further, a number of key risks highlighted by the FSA's risk assessment process were not passed on to the Northern Rock's FSA supervisory team to be addressed in depth with the bank's management.

The FSA's supervisory enhancement program, expected to be completed by December 2008, includes the establishment of a new group of supervisory specialists to regularly review the supervision of all high-impact firms, expanding the number of supervisory staff engaged with high-impact firms (with a mandated minimum level of staffing for each firm), upgrading the current supervisory training and competency framework for FSA staff, an increased focus on liquidity, particularly in the supervision of high-impact retail firms, and raised emphasis on assessing the competence of firms' senior management.

The full report will be published before the end of April 2008.

www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/PR/2008/028.shtml

Revised FSA Website Financial Promotions Section Launched On March 27, the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) revised and re-launched the section of its website which contains information and guidance on financial promotions.

The standard of financial promotions is one of the FSA's retail market strategy priorities and a key part of the FSA's Treating Customers Fairly initiative. The revised financial promotion section of the FSA's website is designed to meet the FSA's commitment to provide regulated firms with information detailing the regulator's expectations of firm's financial promotions.

The financial promotion section contains:

Thematic review results;

Case studies, providing examples of good and poor practice;

Information on issues which have led to the FSA requesting firms to withdraw or amend promotional material; and

Key material additional to the FSA rules: speeches, enforcement actions, press releases and other relevant information.

http://www.fsa.gov.uk/Pages/Doing/Regulated/Promo/index.shtml

The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.

Katten Muchin Rosenman Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP is a law firm with offices in Chicago; New York; Los Angeles; Washington, D.C.; Charlotte, North Carolina; Palo Alto, California; and Irving, Texas; and an affiliated entity—Katten Muchin Rosenman Cornish LLP—in London, England.  LLP LLP - Lower Layer Protocol  

525 West Monroe West Monroe, city (1990 pop. 14,096), Ouachita parish, N La., on the Ouachita River, opposite Monroe, in a forest and lake area; inc. 1851. Its chief industries are lumber and paper milling.  Street

Suite 1600

Chicago

IL 60661

UNITED STATES United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area.  

Tel: 3125778469

Fax: 3125774678

E-mail: Claire.slattery@kattenlaw.com

URL URL
 in full Uniform Resource Locator

Address of a resource on the Internet. The resource can be any type of file stored on a server, such as a Web page, a text file, a graphics file, or an application program.
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