Competition is still open for department stores in market segment of middle class.The substantial number of people of middle class just degraded de·grad·edadj. 1. Reduced in rank, dignity, or esteem. 2. Having been corrupted or depraved. 3. Having been reduced in quality or value. from the high income bracket Noun 1. income bracket - a category of taxpayers based on the amount of their income income tax bracket, tax bracket bracket - a category falling within certain defined limits income bracket n → requires department stores This is a list of department stores. In the case of department store groups the location of the flagship store is given. This list does not include large specialist stores, which sometimes resemble department stores. to improve their services to be equal in convenience with foreign department stores, which were once the favorite place for shopping for them before they were made poorer by the crisis. That is why shopping centers having middle to high class segments have continued to enjoy growth like Sogo which has opened new outlets in Mega Mall Pluit and Plaza Senayan Plaza Senayan is a luxury shopping mall in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The mall is only a few minutes by car from the Semanggi area. , bringing the number of its outlets to 4 in Jakarta. Similarly, Metro has just expanded its wings to the region by opening a new outlet in Super Mall Bandung. People of middle income bracket in urban areas have been able to get used to their new condition by adjusting their spending habit with their limited income. Therefore, the market segment of middle class people, Matahari Department Store has continued to report a steady increase in sales in the wake of the crisis. Matahari was estimated to post sales valued at Rp6 trillion One thousand times one billion, which is 1, followed by 12 zeros, or 10 to the 12th power. See space/time. (mathematics) trillion - In Britain, France, and Germany, 10^18 or a million cubed. In the USA and Canada, 10^12. in 2002 up from Rp5.4 trillion in 2001 or far exceeding sales before the crisis. In 1995-1997, its sales averaged only Rp2.1 trillion. Matahari, therefore, has increased its outlets from 73 in 1999 to 79 now. Meanwhile, department stores having market segment of middle to low income people are generally badly depressed. Middle to low and low income people are more vulnerable to economic downturn. The impact of decline in purchasing power Purchasing Power 1. The value of a currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods or services that one unit of money can buy. Purchasing power is important because, all else being equal, inflation decreases the amount of goods or services you'd be able to purchase. 2. is greater on lower income people in their consumption. This is obvious in the sales record of Ramayana Department Store. Ramayana recorded only a growth of around 13% in income to Rp3.26 billion in 2002--much smaller than a net profit of Rp543 billion reported by Matahari in 2001. The outlets of Ramayana also has not changed in number from 64 in 1999. Department stores and supermarkets now tend to combine operation serving as both department store and supermarket at the same time such as already practiced by Matahari Department Stores which in addition to selling fashion it also sells household goods in its Supermarket section of Super Bazaar and super store "Mega M" that serves as both supermarket and department store at once under its One Stop Shopping concept. This concept has also been adopted by foreign retail giant Carrefour in Jakarta. The concept succeeded in drawing more shoppers as it offer greater convenience to shoppers. Department Stores Department store was first introduced in Indonesia early the 1970s. Department stores sell fashion, shoes, bags, belts, and accessories. Department stores also provide rooms for buyers to try fashion they want to buy. In order to guarantee convenience for shoppers, the display lay out is designed so to give the impression of harmony with the sales clerks neatly dressed. The quality of goods is guaranteed. The prices are fixed not to be bargained clearly shown in the price tags. Department stores in the Greater Jakarta open from 0.9.00 to 21.00. Department store operations are supported by intensive promotional drives such as advertisement on printed media or televisions. They also offer incentive in the form of discount, and prizes. Normally large department stores have supermarket outlets and outlets for household goods in smaller scale to provide greater convenience under One Stop Shopping concept. Matahari and Ramayana Department Stores already use that concept. Under that system a department store will serve as a shopping place as well as family recreation facility. Therefore, they provide room for playground for children. There is no fixed limit for the size of the floor space, but averagely the floor space of a department store is around 1,500 sq.m. to 1,600sq.m. Some have only a floor space of 1,000 sq.m. The owners of department stores are either individuals or group of companies or part of chain-stores. Main players in department store The first department store in Indonesia was established n the 1960 namely state-owned Sarinah Department Store in Jakarta. In the 1970s, the private sector followed started by Matahari Department Store. Matahari began from a small store in Pasar Baru, a prestigious shopping center shopping center, a concentration of retail, service, and entertainment enterprises designed to serve the surrounding region. The modern shopping center differs from its antecedents—bazaars and marketplaces—in that the shops are usually amalgamated into in Jakarta. In 1970, businessman Hari Dharmawan bought "The Sun", a shop selling sundries sun·dries pl.n. Articles too small or numerous to be specified; miscellaneous items. [From sundry. and changed the name with an Indonesian name "Matahari". In the big riots This is a chronological list of riots: 17th century and earlier
n. 1. Valuables pillaged in time of war; spoils. 2. Stolen goods. 3. Informal Goods illicitly obtained, as by bribery. 4. or destroyed including 7 leveled to the ground by fires set by violent mobs. However, Matahari recovered quickly and in 2001 it reported sales at Rp 5.4 trillion exceeding average annual sales before the crisis in 1995-1997. In 2002, its sales grew higher to reach Rp 6 trillion. In 2001 its net sales Net Sales The amount a seller receives from the buyer after costs associated with the sale are deducted. Notes: This amount is calculated by subtracting the following items from gross sales: merchandise returned for credit, allowances for damaged or missing goods, freight were recorded at Rp 543 billion or an increase of 27.3% from the previous year's record of Rp 426.5 billion. The Matahari group is still the largest among department stores in the country in term of outlets 700,000 sq.m. Around 35.4% or 28 of the outlets are in the Greater Jakarta with floor space totaling 248,000 sq.m. The number of Matahari's outlets rose from 73 including 25 in the Greater Jakarta in 1999. The Matahari group also has supermarkets totaling 68 outlets and 40 of them are in large cities. Matahari has closed a number of its outlets considered not profitable such as its supermarkets in Pasar Cipulir (South Jakarta South Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Selatan) is a city of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the largest among the five cities of Jakarta. South Jakarta is bounded by Central Jakarta to the north, East Jakarta to the east, Depok to the south, West Jakarta to the north-west, ), in Pasar Senen (Central Jakarta Central Jakarta (Indonesian:Jakarta Pusat) is a city of Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of 48.17 km², the smallest among five cities of Jakarta. The current city's mayor is Muhayat. ) and another in Pasar Johar (Semarang). Matahari aims at market segments of middle high income bracket with monthly income of more than Rp2 million with "Galeria" outlets with a floor space of 10,000 sq.m. each such as Galeria in Mal Taman Anggrek and Lippo Supermal Karawaci Supermal Karawaci is a mall that located in the prestigious Lippo Karawaci, western part of Jakarta. This mall was built in 1993, and it was the biggest mall in Indonesia at that time. . Apart from Galeria outlets in large cities, designed to serve shoppers with a monthly income of Rp6 million or more, Matahari also has "Mega-M" outlets that operate as hypermarket hy·per·mar·ket n. A very large commercial establishment that is a combination of a department store and a supermarket. hypermarket Noun a huge self-service store [translation of French in real term with floor space from 15,000 to 18,000 sq.m. each in Mega M Batam on the island of Batam and Mega M in Mal Pluit in Jakarta. The hypermarket outlets offer finished wear, various manufactured food products and household equipment. Matahari also has expanded shopping centers for children such as "Mega Kid" in Mal Taman Anggrek. Hari Dharmawan has become a minority shareholder in the operating company operating company A business that engages in transactions with outsiders. PT Matahari Putra Prima (MPP (Massively Parallel Processing or Massively Parallel Processor) A multiprocessing architecture that uses up to thousands of processors. Some might contend that a computer system with 64 or more CPUs is a massively parallel processor. ) since 1997 when PT Multipolar Corporation (of Lippo Group The Lippo Group (力宝集团) is a major Indonesian conglomerate founded by Mochtar Riady. The Lippo Group began with Bank Lippo, later using this as a platform for regional property development projects. ) acquired 202,950,000 shares of 45% of the company shares. Matahari is owned by PT Matahari Jaya Puteraperkasa (MJPP)--the holding company of MPP. Later Multipolar increased its stake in MPP to 50.1% for which it offered 5.1% of its shares to the public to raise fund for the acquisition. On request of his family, Hari Dharmawan plans buyback to regain control of Matahari. Ramayana Department Store is an offshoot of Ramayana Fashion, a fashion shop in Jalan H. Agus Salim Haji Agus Salim (Koto Gadang, Bukittinggi, Minangkabau, October 8 1884-Jakarta, November 4 1954) was one of Indonesia's founding fathers and prominent diplomats. He played a leading role in the creation of the Indonesian Constitution in 1945 and served as Indonesia's foreign , Central Jakarta. The fashion shop was established in 1978 by Paulus Tumewu and his wife. The status of the fashion shop was changed in 1983 into a department store named PT Ramayana Lestari Sentosa. The new department store eyed the market segment of middle to low income people. Ramayana focused its business operation more as a department store with fashion including clothes and shoes accounted for 70-75% of its sales. The remaining 25% are goods sold by supermarket and other goods. Unlike in many other department stores, men's wear is more dominant than women's wear women's wear n. Clothing for women. sold by Ramayana. Men's wear contribute 25% and ladies' wear 14% to its total sales. In 2002, Ramayana has 80 outlets with 64 department store outlets. The number of its department store outlets increased only by one since 1999. Around 80% of its outlets are in large cities in Java and the rest in Bali, Lampung, Riau, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. A sharp increase in the number of its outlets was recorded in 1997 when it acquired Cahaya Department Store. The market segment of Ramayana--middle to low income people, are more vulnerable to a jolt affecting economic stability. Therefore, the impact of a decline in the purchasing power is more damaging to its sales performance. The glut glut pronounced as rut, slut Vox populi An excess of a service or skilled labor in a particular area. See Physician glut. of imports of cheap including second hand wear affected its sales performance. The history of Yogya Department Store dates back to many years before, when a small batik batik (bətēk`), method of decorating fabrics practiced for centuries by the natives of Indonesia. It consists of applying a design to the surface of the cloth by using melted wax. store was established in Kosambi, Bandung by Mr. Gondosasmito from Solo, Central Java Central Java (Indonesian: Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of the six provinces of the island of Java. Central Java is both a political entity and a cultural concept. . Gondosasmito named his store "Toko Djokja". Later his daughter Tina Handayani and Boedi Siswanto changed the store into a department store. Until October 1982, with the commissioning of "Toko Yogya" at Jl. Sunda, the retail company expanded its business into a chain store with outlets in Jakarta. Now the department store has 31 outlets located in various strategic area in Bandung and other large cities in West Java. Department stores has 52.5% market share in Jabotabek Department store companies compete against each other in seeking a larger market shares in the country. They are quick in establishing outlets in economic centers in the country mainly Jakarta and its satellite cities, which are the most potential market for retailers. The Greater Jakarta (Jabotabek) area has 146 outlets or 52.5% of the total number of department store outlets in the country. The number rose from 134 outlets or 49.3% of the total number that year in the country. In 2002, Matahari had 28 outlets of department store in the Jabotabek, area or 35.4% of the total number of its outlets. Foreign Retailers The government imposed ban for a long time on the operation of foreign retailers in the country hoping the policy will boost development of local retail industry. The restriction was contained in government regulation (PP) No. 19/1988 and a decision of the labor minister No. KEP-682/MEN/85 banning the operation of foreign workers foreign workers Those who work in a foreign country without initially intending to settle there and without the benefits of citizenship in the host country. Some are recruited to supplement the workforce of a host country for a limited term or to provide skills on a to work in retail sector. Another form of restriction was with a presidential decree decree, in law, decision of a suit in a court of equity. It is the counterpart in equity of the judgment in a court of law, although in those jurisdictions where law and equity have merged, judgment is sometimes used to include both. No..32/1992 categorizing retail sector in Investment Negative List later with a presidential decree No.31/1995. Foreign retailers have entered the country utilizing loopholes in the regulation through franchising system under the pretext PRETEXT. The reasons assigned to justify an act, which have only the appearance of truth, and which are without foundation; or which if true are not the true reasons for such act. Vattel, liv. 3, c. 3, 32. of technical assistance such as initiated by Sogo in 1990. The middle to high class market segments became more interesting, attracting foreign operators of department stores. A year after Sogo coming on line occupying an ample space in Plaza Indonesia Plaza Indonesia is located in central Jakarta and is often referred as PI. Plaza Indonesia is the first high end shopping centre in Indonesia. Having opened its doors since 1990, Plaza Indonesia is located on the prominent corner of Jakarta's famous landmark, the selamat datang , Jakarta, retailer from Singapore Metro Department Store opened its outlet in Pondok Indah Pondok Indah is the most expensive area in South Jakarta, Indonesia. This is a much sought-after suburb by expatriates due to the proximity to the Jakarta International School. , South Jakarta. Later followed Yaohan Department Store from Japan occupying space at Atrium Senen in Central Jakarta in 1992. Yaohan, however, was taken over by Matahari two years later. Sjamsul Nursalim, the main financer of Sogo operator PT Panen Lestari Internusa (of the Gajah Tunggal group), invested Rp 45 billion and pays royalty to Sogo around 0.5% of its net sales The success of Sogo in Indonesia, in opening its second outlets in Kelapa Gading Kelapa Gading is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 3 administrative villages (kelurahan): West Kelapa Gading, East Kelapa Gading, and Pegangsaan Dua. The postcodes for Kelapa Gading are 14240 and 14250. Mall, North Jakarta North Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Utara) is a city (kota) of Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of 154.11 km². The current mayor is Effendi Anas. made it more expansive. Sogo was the anchor tenant for space in Megamall Pluit when it was opened in 1996 by its owner Metropolitan Lingga Kencana. More recently it became a tenant in Plaza Senayan, bringing the number of its outlets to 4 all in Jakarta. Unlike Sogo, the presence of Metro Department Store opened by Metro Holding from Singapura in cooperation with the Rajawali group in Pondok Indah Mall Pondok Indah Mall (also known as PIM) is a large shopping complex located in Pondok Indah, South Jakarta, Indonesia. , within an investment of Rp20 billion did not attract attention. Like Sogo, Metro Department Store entered the country through franchise system by paying a fee of 0.5% of its net sales. After success in grabbing share in the potential market of South Jakarta, Metro made expansion in 1996 to Senayan Square, a shopping center built by the Era Persada group, which is owned by Hashim Djojohadikusumo. Metro Department Store has postponed the opening of new outlets in a number of cities in 2003 because of the unfavorable developments in the country. However, it already expanded operation to Bandung where it occupies a space in Super Mall Bandung. On a recommendation in 1998 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF IMF See: International Monetary Fund IMF See International Monetary Fund (IMF). ) the government lifted the ban on foreign retailers from operating in the country. Now foreign retailers have strengthened their foothold foot·hold n. 1. A place providing support for the foot in climbing or standing. 2. A firm or secure position that provides a base for further advancement. foothold Noun 1. in the country especially in hypermarket sector. The decision was confirmed by a decision of the state minister/head of BKPM BKPM Badan Pengawasan Pasar Modal (Indonesian investment coordinating board) No.29/SK/1998 on September 29 in 1998. With the removal of the ban foreign giant retailers such as Carrefour and Continent from France and medium size department stores such as Australia's Point Break Enterprises PTy. Ltd. in Mal Pondok Indah, and France's Delhaize'Le Lion made their entry to the country. The aggressiveness of foreign retailers could be a serious threat to the survival of local retail industry. The foreign retailers are all powerful financially and in technology and management. Foreign hypermarkets could afford to sell goods at a cheaper price making their local rival uncompetitive. They could offer a lower price as they could enjoy discount from suppliers which receive cash payment. The foreign hypermarkets have stronger bargaining position and suppliers enjoy dealing with them because of the guarantee of cash payment. Floor space expanding in Jakarta The government has wanted to make Jakarta an international shopping center to attract foreign shoppers and tourists like Singapore and Hong Kong Hong Kong (hŏng kŏng), Mandarin Xianggang, special administrative region of China, formerly a British crown colony (2005 est. pop. 6,899,000), land area 422 sq mi (1,092 sq km), adjacent to Guangdong prov. . For that purpose legal basis should be provided with a law needed especially by foreign investors. The tariff tariff, tax on imported and, more rarely, exported goods. It is also called a customs duty. Tariffs may be distinguished from other taxes in that their predominant purpose is not financial but economic—not to increase a nation's revenue but to protect domestic of space in shopping centers in Jakarta is cheaper than in Singapore and Hong Kong, a major factor attracting foreign retailers to come to the country such as Sogo Metro and Mark&Spencer. The problems, however are transport. The Jakarta streets are notorious for traffic jams. In addition, there is no master plan showing locations for new retailers such as in Jakarta. The government sought to cope with the problem by building business centers in Jl. Sudirman which is designed to become a leading and modern shopping center. Such business districts will also be developed in JL. Sudirman, Jl. Gatot Subroto and Jl. HR. Rasuna Said Hajjah Rangkayo Rasuna Said (Maninjau, Agam, 14 September 1910–Jakarta, 2 November 1965) was a Minangkabau Indonesian nationalist political leader, and the first female minister of Indonesia. . Many of shopping centers destroyed by rioters in the May Riots in 1998 have been repaired and new ones have been built in various areas. Land plots, therefore, become more expensive. In the past five years, the floor space of department stores in Jakarta has expanded by 3.5% a year--from 388,422 sq.m. in 1998 to 449,680 sq.m. in 2002. North Jakarta lagging Lagging Strategy used by a firm to stall payments, normally in response to exchange rate projections. behind In Jakarta, South Jakarta has the largest number of outlets of department store in 2002. South Jakarta has 31 outlets with floor spaces totaling 133,000 sq.m. or 19.2% of the floor space of all department stores in the city and its satellite cities (Jabotabek). Central Jakarta is the second with 25 outlets and floor space totaling 126,000 sq.m., followed by West Jakarta West Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Barat) is a city (kota) in Jakarta, Indonesia. West Jakarta is bounded by North Jakarta to the north, Central Jakarta to the east, South Jakarta to the south, and Tangerang to the west. with floorspace of 82,000 sq.m., North Jakarta 58,000 sq.m. and East Jakarta East Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Timur) is a city of Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of 187.73 km². East Jakarta is bounded by North Jakarta to the north, Bekasi to the east, Depok to the south, and South Jakarta and Central Jakarta to the west. 50,000 sq.m. North Jakarta has the smallest number of outlets with floorspace averaging 7,200 sq.m. each. The floorspace is 4,300 sq.m. in South Jakarta, Central Jakarta 5,100 sq.m. West Jakarta 5,900 sq.m. and East Jakarta 3,100 sq.m. each on the average. Bekasi with floor space totaling 92,000 sq.m. comes second after Jakarta in Jabotabek, followed by Tangerang with floor-space of 82,000 sq.m. and Bogor 70,000 sq.m. as shown in the following table. North Jakarta has a lower population density compared with other areas in the capital city. With a population of 1,575,700, North Jakarta is less attractive than other areas. Big and modern residential areas built on the beach of Kapuk and Mutiara, however, have attracted investors in department store business. Big department stores in North Jakarta include Sogo, Matahari, Lotus and Ramayana each having an outlet. The second outlet of Sogo after its first in Plaza Indonesia occupies a space in Mal Kelapa Gading Mal Kelapa Gading opened on 1990, is a modern shopping and entertainment center located in Kelapa Gading, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the largest shopping mall in Indonesia. Structure Mal Kelapa Gading has a total gross area of 130,000 m² on three floors. in the big and modern residential area of Kelapa Gading and Super Mall in Pluit. South Jakarta is designed for residential district, therefore, its has a higher population density with fast growing number of residential areas. In 1999, South Jakarta had a population of 2.49 million. Therefore, it has the largest number of outlets. Middle to high class people are more dominant in South Jakarta Business centers in this district are brisker with department stores such as Jl. Melawai, in Pondok Indah, and Blok M Blok M is a business and shopping quarter located in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The development is less modern than some of the developments near Kota, Central Jakarta and many of the buildings are run down. . Central Jakarta has a population of only 1.422.500 in 1999 but it has many department stores such as Matahari which have four outlets in business centers like Pasar Baru, Senen Trading Center, and Senen Triangle Atrium. Sogo Department Store occupies a big space in Plaza Indonesia. West Jakarta is fast growing with a population of 2.17 million in 1999. The growth of West Jakarta is partly thanks to development of Tangerang. Like Bekasi in eastern part of Jakarta, Tangerang is a buffer for Jakarta growing population. West Jakarta grows fast because of its industrial and business centers. Dept. stores in West Jakarta are found in shopping and business centers like Citra Land, Hayam Wuruk Hayam Wuruk, also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, (1334 -1389), was the ruler of the Javanese Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power. He was preceded by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi and succeded by Wikramawardhana. , Gajah Mada Gajah Mada (died 1364) Prime minister of the Majapahit empire and a national hero in Indonesia. Born a commoner, Gajah Mada rose to power on his intelligence, courage, and loyalty to King Jayanagara (r. 1309–28), whom he restored to power after an insurrection. , and Mangga Besar. Matahari Department Store with two outlets totaling 11,925 sq.m. are both located in major shopping center--Citra Land Plaza, and Lokasari Plaza. In 1997 Matahari Group opened two more outlets of Galeria and Mega Kids in Taman Anggrek totaling 26,000 sq.m. East Jakarta is also a crowded district and it has industrial centers and zone. It borders on Bekasi, a fast growing satellite city of Jakarta. A large part of the people of Bekasi work in Jakarta. Bekasi, Bogor and Tangerang accommodate spill over Verb 1. spill over - overflow with a certain feeling; "The children bubbled over with joy"; "My boss was bubbling over with anger" bubble over, overflow seethe, boil - be in an agitated emotional state; "The customer was seething with anger" 2. of population as well as business, social cultures and industries from Jakarta. The satellite cities have become settlement areas for many people working in Jakarta because of the scarcity Scarcity The basic economic problem which arises from people having unlimited wants while there are and always will be limited resources. Because of scarcity, various economic decisions must be made to allocate resources efficiently. and expensive price of land plots in Jakarta. They are therefore equal with Jakarta in standard of living and higher than most other areas in the country. The satellite cities are potential areas therefore, many investors have indicated interest in opening department store there. Bogor, for example, have 18 outlets of department store including in Depok. Department stores in Bogor are found in shopping centers such as Sinar Matahari of the Matahari Group in the shopping centers of Jembatan Merah and Matahari Mega M in Kedung Badak with a floor space of 12,000 sq.m. Ramayana is located in Kebon Kembang, and Yogya in Bogor Plaza. Market segmentation Market Segmentation A marketing term referring to the aggregating of prospective buyers into groups (segments) that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action. One important factor determining success in running business in department store is location. Each department store has its won target such as Matahari, Lotus, and Sarinah which set eye on middle to high class market segment. Pojok Busana, Ramayana, and Borobudur aim at middle to low income market segments. Selection of Location Department store eyeing middle to high class market segment like Matahari, Lotus, Sarinah, generally choose business center and residential areas for location of their outlets in Jakarta such as middle class business centers and residential areas Citraland Mall, Blok M Mall, Sunter Podomoro and Menteng. Department stores eyeing middle to low market segment generally also choose business centers and residential areas but those of lower class like Tanah Abang Tanah Abang is a subdistrict of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 7 administrative villages (kelurahan): Bendungan Hilir, Karet Tengsin, Kebon Melati, Kebon Kacang, Kampung Bali, Petamburan, and Gelora. and Pasar Minggu Pasar Minggu (lit. means 'Sunday Market') is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is divided into 7 administrative villages (kelurahan): West Pejaten, East Pejaten, Pasar Minggu, Kebagusan, Jati Padang, Ragunan, and East Cilandak. . See the following table. Shopping centers chosen by dept. stores The operators of shopping center as a highly competitive property business have to follow the modern trend of shopping center popular in the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. . The name of mall becomes popular used by shopping centers like Pondok Indah Mall. From 1990 to 2000, 23 units of malls/plaza were built in Jakarta. The latest is Mal Taman Anggrek, the largest in Southeast Asia with a floor space of 950,000 sq.m. A number of malls, which were closed following the May riots in 1998 such as Mal Jatinegara, have been reopened. The Yogya Department Store in Klender, which was destroyed by fire set by the rioters has also been repaired and resumed operation in the Citra Mall new building. However, development of new malls slowed down after the riots. From 2000 to 2002, there were only two new shopping centers completed namely STC STC Supplemental Type Certificate (FAA) STC Society for Technical Communication STC Subject to Change STC Surf the Channel (website) STC Sound Transmission Class STC Singapore Turf Club Senayan with a floor space of 35,000 sq.m. and ITC ITC (Brit) n abbr (= Independent Television Commission) → Fernseh-Aufsichtsgremium ITC n abbr (BRIT) (= Independent Television Commission) → Cempaka Mas with a floor space of 290,000 sq.m. Using space in shopping malls is not only anchor tenants department store and supermarket but also foreign retailers such as Sogo, Seibu and Metro. Metro has even expanded operation to Bandung opening an outlet in the Bandung Supermall, a new giant mall. The department stores have facilities like parking lot, elevators, lifts, food centers, playground for children, etc. Number of shopping centers increasing Jakarta marked the 21st century with the operation of new shopping centers the type of ITC Mangga Dua and ITC Roxy Mas ITC Roxy Mas is a mall in West Jakarta noted for its mobile phone business. The majority of Jakartans choose to shop for mobile phones and their accessories at Roxy Mas due to the usually lower prices as compared to other retailers. which have proved to be a success in sales by kiosks and shops. Development of malls/plaza to be leased for 5 years to 20 years will need a huge fund. Now banks are not ready to extend large credits for the property sector. The presence of anchor tenants such as department stores and supermarket in trade centers will provide an attraction for visitors to the shopping center. Supply of goods and payment system Department stores pay in cash or under consignment The delivery of goods to a carrier to be shipped to a designated person for sale. A Bailment of goods for sale. A consignment is an arrangement resulting from a contract in which one person, the consignor, either ships or entrusts goods to another, the for goods they buy from suppliers Payment under consignment system is made only for goods already sold. Suppliers will receive payment only for goods that are not yet sold. If the goods did not sell they could be changed. Consignment system is used mainly for exclusive products like cosmetics and other imported and branded products. Cash payment system could be delayed a week for small suppliers and two weeks for large suppliers. The payment terms are on agreement between the suppliers and the department stores. Matahari uses cash payment system for 70% of its goods. Lotus department store which eyes middle to high class market segment use cash payment only for 20% of its purchases. The rest is on consignment. Shopper could pay for goods they buy by cash or by credit cards. Credit card used is either one from issuers or from the department store itself such as Matahari Card and Pasaraya card. In addition to credit card some department stores issue membership card such as Matahari Member Card, Yogya Member Card and Sarinah Customer's Club, which offer discount and prize lottery lottery, scheme for distributing prizes by lot or other method of chance selection to persons who have paid for the opportunity to win. The term is not applicable when lots are drawn without payment by the interested parties to determine some matter, e.g. . Competition Competition is sharp among department stores lately. The competition is sharper among those with the same market segments such as Matahari and Pasaraya which both eye middle to high class market segments and Ramayana and Ramayana facing Borobudur and Pojok Busana both eyeing middle to low market segments. The competition is obvious from the price war with one undercutting the other in price by discount. The price war is more intense toward the end of year ahead of religious festivities fes·tiv·i·ty n. pl. fes·tiv·i·ties 1. A joyous feast, holiday, or celebration; a festival. 2. The pleasure, joy, and gaiety of a festival or celebration. 3. and new year. Department stores also seek to win competition by opening as many as possible new outlets to control the market in an area. The competition is more intense with the floods of imported products especially for low income people. Cheap products are imported illegally especially from China and Taiwan causing problem for supermarkets or department store. Imports of used clothes but fairly high quality also make local products less competitive. Competition for high class market segment is mainly in quality and models as well as services such as in the form of one stop shopping, and other facilities. Retailers adopting the concept of one stop shopping proved to be a success in large cities including Jakarta. Where consumers find problem in mobility because of the traffic congestion The condition of a network when there is not enough bandwidth to support the current traffic load. congestion - When the offered load of a data communication path exceeds the capacity. . Lately dept. stores in Jakarta reported a decline in sales by 20%-30% because of frequent bomb scares. Many high income consumers have to go to Singapore or Malaysia for shopping. Conclusion and prospects With a population of more than 220 million Indonesia provide potential market for department stores. Progress made to improve the country's economy will strengthen the buying power Buying Power The money an investor has available to buy securities. In a margin account, the buying power is the total cash held in the brokerage account plus maximum margin available. Also referred to as "Excess Equity. of people and therefore, will contribute to boosting the growth of department stores. In addition, the increase in the number of middle class people with many rich people getting poorer as a result of the crisis, benefits middle class department stores, which are equal in class with department store abroad such as Sogo as those just degraded from high income bracket have been used to department stores aboard. Foreign department stores like Metro and the presence of one stop shopping hypermarket of Carrefour will be a threat to the survival of local department stores especially those with the market segment of middle to high class people. The threat should be seriously addressed. Before they move to grab other segments.
Table - 1
Department stores in Indonesia, 2002
Total
No. Name of company Name of outlet outlet
1. PT Matahari Putra Prima Matahari, Mega Mall, 79
Galeria
2. PT Rama ana Lestari Ramayana 64
Sentosa
3. PT Aneka Maju Terus Pojok Busana 36
4. PT Akur Pratama Yogya 31
5. PT Keris Gallery Keris Gallery, Batik Keris 27
6. PT Sarinah Sarinah 10
7. PT Rifi Sempana Toman Tol and Omura 7
8. PT Mitraindo Retail Toserba 5
9. PT Lotus Retailindo Lotus 4
10. PT Panen Lestari Internusa Sogo 4
11. CV Tip Top TipTop 4
12. PT Kage Dwijaya Diamond 2
13. Metropolitan Retailment Diamond 2
14. PT Pasaraya Nusa Karya Pasaraya 2
Source: Aprindo/Data Consult
Table - 2
Number of outlets and floor space of department store
in Jabotabek, 2002
Total
Owner/Operator Name of number of Total
dept. store Outlets Floor space
PT Matahari Putera Matahari 79 699,545
Prima Mega Mall
Galeria
PT Rama a Lestari Ramayana & 64 350,196
Robinson
PT Akur Pratama Yogya 31 117,885
PT Borobudur Department Borobudur 13 40,000
Store
PT Sarinah Sarinah 10 50,000
PT Pasaraya Nusakarya Pasaraya 2 20,000
PT Terminal Prasetya Artomoro 2 10,000
PT Panen Lestari Sogo 4 45,300
Internusa
PT Metropolitan Metro Dept. 2 15,000
Retailmart Store
PT Aneka Maju Terus Pojok Busana 36 18,000
Others -- 35 170,438
Total 278 1,546,364
Outlets in Floor space in
Owner/Operator Jabotabek Jabotabek
PT Matahari Putera 28 247,940
Prima
PT Rama a Lestari 41 204,303
PT Akur Pratama 7 19,831
PT Borobudur Department 12 38,000
Store
PT Sarinah 2 10,000
PT Pasaraya Nusakarya 2 20,000
PT Terminal Prasetya 1 12,000
PT Panen Lestari 4 45,300
Internusa
PT Metropolitan 2 15,000
Retailmart
PT Aneka Maju Terus 36 18,000
Others 11 63,664
Total 146 694,038
Source: Data Consult
Table - 3
Foreign department store franchisees and operators, 2002
Department Owners Total Floor space Location of
store Outlet ([m.sup.2]) outlets
Sogo PT Panen 4 - Plaza Indonesia
Lestari - Kela ja Gading
- Megamall Pluit
- Plaza Senayan
Metro PT Metropolitan 3 39,000 - Pondok Indah
Retailmart - Sena an Plaza
Super Mall
Bandung
Seibu (*) PT Pasaraya 1 12,000 - Super Mall
Karawaci
(*) Taken over by Pasaraya;
Source: Data Consult
Table - 4
Estimate of floor space of department stores in Jakarta,
1998 - 2002
Year Floor space Growth
(m2)
1998 388,422 --
1999 408,422 4.3
2000 428,434 4.9
2001 438,326 2.3
2002 449,680 2.5
Average growth (%) 3.5
Source: Data Consult
Table - 5
Number of outlets and floor space of department
store in Jabotabek, 2002
Areas Number of Floor space Share
outlets (m2) (%)
North Jakarta 8 57,721 8.3
Central Jakarta P 25 126,286 18.2
East Jakarta 16 49,792 7.2
South Jakarta 31 133,085 19.2
West Jakarta 14 82,796 11.9
Total Jakarta 94 449,680 64.8
Bogor 19 70,434 9.2
Tanggerang 19 82,320 10.7
Bekasi 14 91,604 12.1
52 244,358 32.0
Total Jabotabek 146 694,038 100.0
Source: Data Consult
Table - 6
Profile of market segments of department store
Profile Middle to Middle class Middle to
of consumers low class high class
(Rp) (Rp) (Rp)
Per capita income 2,000,000 5,600,000 14,500,000
- Monthly income per household 9,000,000 26,000,000 76,654,000
- Spending for consumers 757,000 2,400,000 7,600,000
goods a year
Source: Data Consult
Table - 7
Department stores by locations chosen
Department Business Housing Office Other
Store center complex complex places
Lotus v v -- --
Matahari v -- -- v
Pojok Busana v -- -- --
Sarinah v v v v
Yogya v v -- --
Malioboro -- v -- --
Ramayana v v v v
Borobudur v v -- --
Pasaraya v v -- --
Source: Data Consult
Table - 8
Shopping malls in Jakarta occupied by department stores
and supermarkets, 2002
Starting
Name of shopping year of
centers/malls Location operation
North Jakarta:
Kelapa Gading Plaza Kelapa 1991
Gading
Jayakarta Plaza Hayam Wuruk --
Sunter Mall Danau Sunter 1994
Mega mall Pluit 1996
Mal Mangga Dua Mangga Dua 1997
Jakarta Barat:
Duta Merlin Gajah Mada 1970
Gajah Mada Plaza Gajah Mada 1982
Golden Trully
- Suryopranoto Suyopranoto 1985
- Slipi Slipi --
Glodok Plaza Gajah Mada 1987
Lokasari Harmoni 1988
Slipi Plaza Slipi 1990
CitraLand Mall S. Parman 1993
ITC Roxy Mas Hasyim 1995
Anshari
Supermall Karawaci 1996
Mal Taman Anggrek Slipi 1997
Central Jakarta:
Sarinah MH Thamrin 1990
Proyek Senen Senen Raya 1972
Plaza Indonesia MH. Thamrin 1990
Metro Pasar Baru Pasarbaru 1978
Golden Trully
- Gunung Sahari Gunung 1991
Sahari
- MH Thamrin MH Tharin 1984
Atrium Senen Senen Raya 1991
Mega ITC Cempaka Cempaka 1997
Putih
ITC Cempaka Mas Cempaka 2002
Putih
South Jakarta:
Pasaraya Melawai 1987
Ratu Plaza Sudirman 1980
Aldiron Plaza Melawai 1989
Golden Trully
- Mampang Kapten 1989
Tendean
- Fatmawati Fatmawati 1989
- Blok M Blok M 1986
Kalibata Mall Pasar Minggu 1991
Cinere Mall Cinere Raya 1992
Pondok Indah Mall Pondok Indah 1991
Bintaro Plaza Bintaro 1993
Super Ekonomi Grosir Tole Iskandar 1995
Plaza kota BNI Sudirman 1998
Mal Menara Kemayoran Kemayoran 2000
Plaza Kasablanka JL. 1998
Kasablanka
STC Senayan Senayan 2000
East Jakarta:
Kramat Jati Indah Raya Bogor --
Arion Plaza Pemuda 1990
Yogya Dept. Store Ngurah Rai 1991
Pondok Gede Plaza Pondok Gede 1994
Metropolitan Mall Metropolitan 1993
Hero Plaza Kalimalang 1994
Duta Plaza Kalimalang 1993
Jatinegara Plaza Jatinegara 1995
Graha Cijantung Cijantung 1997
Floor
Name of shopping space Owner
centers/malls ([m.sup.2])
North Jakarta:
Kelapa Gading Plaza 30,000 Summarecon
Agung
Jayakarta Plaza 35,000 Pudjiadi & Sons
Sunter Mall 25,000 Gajah Tunggal
Mega mall 142,000 Metropolitan LK.
Mal Mangga Dua 45,000 --
Jakarta Barat:
Duta Merlin -- Duta Indonesia
Gajah Mada Plaza 54,000 Harapan
Golden Trully Dwi Golden
Graha
- Suryopranoto 6,000
- Slipi --
Glodok Plaza 42,000 Intra Maju Jaya
Lokasari 14,000 Bimantara
Slipi Plaza 12,000 Pembangunan
Jaya
CitraLand Mall 70,000 Ciputra
ITC Roxy Mas 54,000 Sinar Mas
Supermall 100,000 Lippo group
Mal Taman Anggrek 132,000 Ciputra
Central Jakarta:
Sarinah 60,000 BUMN
Proyek Senen -- Pembangunan
Jaya
Plaza Indonesia 60,000 - Gajah Tunggal
- Sinar Mas
- Bimantara
- Rajawali
- Ometraco
- Dwi Golden G.
Metro Pasar Baru 9,700 Yakin
Golden Trully Dwi Golden
Graha
- Gunung Sahari 20,000
- MH Thamrin --
Atrium Senen -- Ongko
Mega ITC Cempaka 60,000 --
ITC Cempaka Mas 290,000 --
South Jakarta:
Pasaraya 42,000 ALatif Corp.
Ratu Plaza -- Ratu Sayang
Aldiron Plaza -- Aldiron Hero
Golden Trully Dwi Golden
Graha
- Mampang 6,000
- Fatmawati 12,000
- Blok M 5,700
Kalibata Mall --
Cinere Mall 18,000
Pondok Indah Mall 40,000 Ciputra
Bintaro Plaza 25,000 Pembangunan
Jaya
Super Ekonomi Grosir -- Matahari
Plaza kota BNI 50,000 --
Mal Menara Kemayoran 90,000 --
Plaza Kasablanka 76,000 --
STC Senayan 35,000 --
East Jakarta:
Kramat Jati Indah 21,000 Bimantara
Arion Plaza 12,000 Arion Paramita
Yogya Dept. Store --
Pondok Gede Plaza --
Metropolitan Mall 50,000 Metropolitan
Hero Plaza 15,000 Hero
Duta Plaza -- Mega Diri
Jatinegara Plaza 20,900 Gunung Sewu
Graha Cijantung 17,000 Yayasan
Kopassus
Source: Data Consult
Table - 9
Trade centers built in 2002-2005
Floor space
Nama of trade_center Location ([m.sup.2])
WTC Mangga Dua Mangga Dua 125,000
Mangga Dua Square Mangga Dua 90,000
ITC Kuningan Kuningan 20,000
Cililitan Trade Center Cililitan 50,000
WTC Matahari Serpong 70,000
Kelapa Gading Trade C. Kelapa Gading 40,000
ITC Harco MaS Mangga Dua 25,000
Mal Artha Gading Kelapa Gading 220,000
Plaza Semanggi Sudirman 120,000
Mal Kenari Mas Salemba 70,000
Mega Bekasi West Bekasi 125,000
Bekasi Trade Center East Bekasi 40,000
Roxy Square Roxy 40,000
Kelapa Gading Square Kelapa Gadimg 80,000
Palem Mal Cengkareng 70,000
Thamrin Square Thamrin 18,000
ITC Grand Permata Hijau Permata HIjau 50,000
Senayan Forum Senayan 100,000
Total 15,560
Completed
Nama of trade_center Unit in
WTC Mangga Dua 4,000 2003
Mangga Dua Square 5,000 2003
ITC Kuningan 2,300 2003
Cililitan Trade Center 2,000 2003
WTC Matahari 360 2003
Kelapa Gading Trade C. 1,500 2003
ITC Harco MaS 400 2003
Mal Artha Gading 900 2004
Plaza Semanggi 1,200 2004
Mal Kenari Mas 1,060 2004
Mega Bekasi 1,600 2004
Bekasi Trade Center 600 2004
Roxy Square 1,300 2004
Kelapa Gading Square 350 2004
Palem Mal 300 2004
Thamrin Square -- 2005
ITC Grand Permata Hijau 2,200 2005
Senayan Forum 1,100 2005
Total 765,000
Source: Data Consult
Table - 10
Department stores by market segments, 2002
Position of Middle to Middle to
dep. store low class Middle class high class
Main players Ramayana/Robinson Matahari Metro
Second player Borobudur Lotus Sogo
Liberty Rimo Seibu
Artomoro Yogya Grand Melawai
Malioboro Diamond Sarinah
Niko Esa Pasaraya
Pojok Busana Genangku Galeria
Source: Data Consult
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