Circus Science (balance).Level C The circus is in town! So let's go Let's Go may refer to: Television
Stilts are poles, posts or pillars used to allow a person or structure to stand at a certain distance above the ground. tower high above the crowd. There's the bareback bare·back also bare·backed adv. & adj. On a horse or other animal with no saddle: rode bareback; a bareback rider. rider carefully standing on the trotting horse. Look at all the acrobats climbing on each other's shoulders, before they come tumbling down. What makes all these circus acts so exciting? What do all these circus performers have in common? They are all trying to keep their balance! They must keep their center of balance in exactly the right spot or they will fall down. Do you remember learning how to ride a bike? You had to move your body to help you keep your balance. Circus performers do this all the time! If their center of balance is not in the right place, they will fall over. They must practice a long, long time to be able to do their acts so well. How well can you balance? How long can you stand on one foot with your eyes closed? Can you walk toe-to-toe down a thin line? What must you do to keep your balance? DID YOU KNOW?? The word "circus" comes from the Latin word for circle. Vocabulary 1. The circus acts try to keep their--and not fall down. 2. The--master opens the show. 3. The thin highwire above the ground is called a--. 4. The performer who does silly tricks and makes us laugh. 5. The acrobats stand on each other's--. 6. The clown on--towers over everyone. 1. -- -- -- -- -- (c) -- 2. -- (i) -- -- 3. -- -- -- -- -- (r) -- -- -- 4. (c) -- -- -- -- 5. -- -- -- (u) -- -- -- -- -- 6. (s) -- -- -- -- -- Weekly Lab Can you balance this clown? You need: clay, a pencil with a flat eraser, an index card, glue glue: see adhesive. glue Adhesive substance resembling gelatin, extracted from animal tissue, particularly hides and bones, or from fish, casein (milk protein), or vegetables. , scissors scissors Cutting instrument or tool consisting of a pair of opposed metal blades that meet and cut when the handles at their ends are brought together. Modern scissors are of two types: the more usual pivoted blades have a rivet or screw connection between the cutting ends , 2 pennies, tape Step 1: Cut out the clown and glue it to the index card. Trim to fit. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Step 2: Next, stick your pencil point into the clay. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Step 3: Try to balance your clown on its nose. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Step 4: Now, tape a penny behind each of the clown's hands and try to balance him again! [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Weekly Problem Which clown is balanced? Solve the problems. Draw a hat on the clown that is balanced. [ILLUSTRATIONS OMITTED] DID YOU KNOW?? There is a museum all about circuses! It's Circus World Museum The Circus World Museum is a large museum complex in Baraboo, Wisconsin devoted to circus-related history. The museum, which features not only circus artifacts and exhibits, but also hosts daily live circus performances throughout the summer, is owned by the Wisconsin Historical , in Baraboo, Wisconsin Baraboo is a city in Sauk County, Wisconsin, along the Baraboo River. The population was 10,780 at the time of the 2000 census. The city is located mostly within the Town of Baraboo. . Writing in Science WHY-FLY has a new job as a tightrope walker! Write a story about his very first day on his new job. What are some things he can do to help keep his balance? What is WHY-FLY thinking about right now? [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] DID YOU KNOW?? Tightrope walkers balance on wire that is about as thick as your pencil! Challenge Try these Circus Science Body-Balance Tricks! (A) * Can you Jump backward while holding your toes? * Can you jump forward while holding your toes? [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] (B) * Put a cup on the floor about 60 cm (2 feet) away from the wall. * Stand up straight with your back and heels touching the wall. * Try to pick up the cup without bending your knees or falling! [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] (C) * Stand up straight with your right foot and right shoulder-flat against a wall. * Staying pressed against the wall, try to pick up your left leg without falling or taking a step! [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] (D) * Sit down with your back pressed tightly to the back of a chair. * Fold your arms across your chest. * Keep your feet flat together on the floor and don't lean forward. * Now, try to stand up! [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] DID YOU KNOW?? Clown Alley The clown alley in a circus is a backstage area, usually very near the animal pens, where clowns change into their costumes and apply makeup. Generally, the clowns' personal props, costumes, and other items are stored in this area as well. is name for the dressing room where clowns
Famous [1][2]
The amount of deficiency when a cash flow or capital item is deficient. For example, an interest make-up relates to the interest amount above a ceiling percentage. . BACKGROUND The World of the Circus Many of the elements we see in today's modern circuses have their roots in traditions that are centuries old. The art of acrobatics acrobatics Art of jumping, tumbling, and balancing. The art is of ancient origin; acrobats performed leaps, somersaults, and vaults at Egyptian and Greek events. Acrobatic feats were featured in the commedia dell'arte theatre in Europe and in jingxi (“Peking developed in China around 4,000 years ago, and the ancient Egyptians This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia. A
The Circus Maximus (Latin for greatest circus, in Italian Circo Massimo) is an ancient hippodrome and mass entertainment venue located in Rome. (which means biggest circus) was the largest and oldest of these arenas. Europeans and Asians both have long histories of traveling circuses, with several generations of families carrying on the tradition. John Bill Ricketts John Bill Ricketts, an Englishman who brought the first modern circus to the United States, began his theatrical career with Hughes Royal Circus in London in the 1780s coming over from England in 1792 to establish his first circus in Philadelphia. started the first circus in the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. in 1793. It consisted of one ring and was visited by George Washington. In the 1800s, American touches were added to the circus. It developed into a traveling 3-ring event with canvas tents and a main "big top." It was all accompanied by a calliope, an unusual musical instrument with steam whistles controlled by a keyboard. At about this time, P.T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum, one of the greatest showmen ever known, entered onto the scene and enlivened en·liv·en tr.v. en·liv·ened, en·liv·en·ing, en·liv·ens To make lively or spirited; animate. en·liv  en·er n. the circus with outstanding
acts and his own personal style of promotion. There are about 40
circuses in the United States today, most of which are held indoors,
with several acts performing at once. Ringling Brothers Ringling BrothersFamily of U.S. circus owners. After five of the seven brothers formed a song-and-dance troupe (1882), they began to add circus acts to their show. In 1884 they organized their first small circus in their hometown, Baraboo, Wis. and Barnum & Bailey's Circus--THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH[R] had their first performance in 1919 at Madison Square Garden Current arenas in the National Hockey League Western Conference Eastern Conference in New York City New York City: see New York, city. New York City City (pop., 2000: 8,008,278), southeastern New York, at the mouth of the Hudson River. The largest city in the U.S. . It remains the largest and one of the greatest circuses ever. Many beloved and world famous circus acts have appeared over the years with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey's Circus--THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH[R]. From the world-famous General Tom Thumb
General Tom Thumb was the stage name of Charles Sherwood Stratton (January 4, 1838 – July 15, 1883), a midget who achieved great fame under circus pioneer P.T. , who met Queen Victoria in England, to the beloved sad-faced clown, Emmett Kelly Noun 1. Emmett Kelly - United States circus clown (1898-1979) Kelly, Weary Willie , Sr., circus performers have been entertaining us Entertaining U, also known as EU Jacksonville, is North Florida's largest and oldest free weekly entertainment publication. Originally distributed as The Southeast Entertainer in 1976 by Anthony Trotti, it was changed to the First Coast Entertainer in the 80s and finally for many generations. Thrilling thrill v. thrilled, thrill·ing, thrills v.tr. 1. To cause to feel a sudden intense sensation; excite greatly. 2. To give great pleasure to; delight. See Synonyms at enrapture. flying aerial aerial: see antenna, in electronics. acrobatic acts, like the Great Wallendas, and amazing a·maze v. a·mazed, a·maz·ing, a·maz·es v.tr. 1. To affect with great wonder; astonish. See Synonyms at surprise. 2. Obsolete To bewilder; perplex. v.intr. animal acts, like those of Gunther Gebel-Williams Gunther Gebel-Williams (1934-2001) was an animal trainer for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Early life Gunther Gebel was born in Schweidnitz, Silesia, Germany and as a child he and his mother became refugees when the communists took over the country. and his son Mark Oliver Mark Oliver is a voice actor who who works for Ocean Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He has played several roles in anime, most notably Rau Le Creuset in Gundam SEED. Gebel, have kept audiences returning to the fascination of the circus year after year. The town of Baraboo, Wisconsin is the capital of American circus history. It is the original hometown home·town n. The town or city of one's birth, rearing, or main residence. Noun 1. hometown - the town (or city) where you grew up or where you have your principal residence; "he never went back to his hometown again" of the 5 Ringling Brothers, the site of their first winter circus quarters, and the home of Circus World Museum. This interesting and entertaining museum can be visited in person, or on the Web. (See Internet Resources in the Weekly Resources section on the back page.) Circus Science--Gravity Much of what makes so many circus performances thrilling to watch depends a great deal on science. Gravity and balance play an important role in many circus acts. Gravity can be defined as "the mutual attraction between objects that have mass." All objects are pulling on each other, but the force of gravity is so weak, we only notice it when the objects are very large (like planets). Weight and mass are different. Mass is a true measure of the amount of matter in an object, and it is dependent on the number and size of atoms in that object. The weight of an object, though, is affected by gravity. When you travel into space, your weight changes. Since the Moon is smaller and has less gravity than the Earth, you'd weigh only .16 times on the Moon what you'd weigh on weigh on Verb to be oppressive or burdensome to: the expectations that weigh so heavily on diplomats' wives Verb 1. Earth. Galileo Galilei (1546-1642) understood that gravity pulls us towards the Earth's center. He discovered that all objects fall at the same rate, no matter what their size. Galileo also realized that it was gravity that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Sir Isaac Newton's (1642-1727) study of gravity resulted in several "rules" that gravity always follows. These Laws of Nature state that: 1) No matter how big or small something is, it has gravity. 2) Gravity always pulls, it never pushes. 3) The bigger the object, the more gravity it has. 4) The farther away an object is, the weaker its gravitational grav·i·ta·tion n. 1. Physics a. The natural phenomenon of attraction between physical objects with mass or energy. b. The act or process of moving under the influence of this attraction. 2. pull. Center of Gravity and Balance Gravity behaves as if all the weight of an object is concentrated in a single point, its center of gravity. In spherical spher·i·cal adj. Having the shape of or approximating a sphere; globular. objects, this center of gravity is the sphere's geometric center. (That is why we are all being pulled towards the center of the Earth.) For an object to be balanced, its center of gravity must be positioned over the base of that body. The center of gravity is the place where all the weight of an object is evenly spaced around it--the point where it balances. Newer and more stable children's furniture and toys have recently been developed by engineers taking into account the center of gravity in their new designs. In irregularly-shaped objects (like people), it is far more difficult to find the center of gravity or point of balance. We find it, though, every time we stand, walk, or ride a bicycle. A skier, ice skater ice skate n. A shoe or light boot with a metal runner or blade fitted to the sole, used for skating on ice. ice , rollerblade skater, and beginning bike rider constantly move and shift their weight to keep their center of balance in the right place. Much of the fun and challenge of these activities are based on keeping one's balance. Balance is very important for many circus performers and acts, especially acrobats, stilt stilt, common name for some members of the family Recurvirostridae, shore birds including the avocet. Stilts, as their name implies, have the longest legs of any bird except the flamingo. walkers, trapeze artists trapeze artist n. One that performs exercises or stunts on a trapeze. , and unicycle riders. Excellent balance is essential for bareback riders, tightrope walkers, and for all the different juggling and balancing acts Balancing Acts is a documentary by Donna Schatz that chronicles the lives of Chinese acrobat Man-Fong Tong and his wife Magda Schweitzer, a Jewish acrobat from Budapest, Hungary. The two met in Europe on the eve of World War II. . These trained circus professionals spend many, many hours of practice perfecting their thrilling and amazing acts. Science Education Standards & Benchmarks for Circus Science (Balance) Unifying Concepts and Processes (K-8) * Systems, order, and organization * Evidence, models, and explanation * Constancy con·stan·cy n. 1. Steadfastness, as in purpose or affection; faithfulness. 2. The condition or quality of being constant; changelessness. Noun 1. , change, and measurement * Evolution and equilibrium equilibrium, state of balance. When a body or a system is in equilibrium, there is no net tendency to change. In mechanics, equilibrium has to do with the forces acting on a body. * Form and function Standard A: Science as Inquiry (K-8) * Abilities to do scientific inquiry * Understanding about scientific inquiry Standard B: Physical Science (K-4) * Properties of objects and materials * Position and motion of objects (5-8) * Motions and forces Standard C: Life Science (K-4) * Characteristics of organisms Organisms See also animals; bacteria; biology; plants; zoology. anabolism Biology, Physiology. the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones. Cf. catabolism. — anabolic, adj. (5-8) * Structure and function of living things Living Things may refer to:
* Regulation and behavior Standard E: Science and Technology (K-8) * Abilities of technological design * Understandings about science and technology Initiating Questions and Activities (Levels Pre-A-C) 1. Ask your students why they sometimes fall down. 2. Look at a globe. We know that we stand with our feet firmly on the ground. Why do they think that the people living on the far sides of the globe aren't sliding off the Earth or hanging upside Upside The potential dollar amount by which the market or a stock could rise. Notes: This is basically an educated guess on how high a stock could go in the near future. See also: Bull, Downside down? (Gravity is a force that pulls us all towards the center of the Earth, no matter where we live. It's like a big round magnet pulling us in like little paper clips.) 3. What can they do to prevent themselves from falling and to help them keep their balance? Have them think about what they did when they were learning how to ride a bicycle, ice skate skate, fish: see ray. skate Any of nine genera (suborder Rajoidea) of rounded to diamond-shaped rays. These bottom-dwellers are found from tropical to near-Arctic waters and from the shallows to depths of more than 9,000 ft (2,700 m). , rollerblade, etc. (Keep your arms out and shift your weight.) Level Pre-A Main Concepts: Circus performers work at keeping their balance, so they don't fall down. Picture Activity Ask your students about all the things they see in this circus picture (e.g., the clown on stilts, the woman on horseback on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle. See also: Horseback , the trapeze artist hanging from a swing.) Ask what WHY-FLY is doing. (He is the ringmaster who announces all the circus acts.) Ask what the clown in the center is riding. (It is a unicycle, which means "1 wheel," Explain that bi-cycle means 2 wheels and tri-cycle means 3.) Balance is important in many circus acts. Tell your students that they are keeping their bodies balanced all the time without even thinking about it. If they didn't, they would fall right over. Have them think about a baby learning to walk. Vocabulary Ask your students what the first letter is in the word circus. Go over the 3 words together. Then have them circle all the "C"s they can find in these words and fill in the "How many?" box. There are 5 "C"s (7--if they count the 2 "C"s in the word circle at the beginning). Weekly Lab You need: 3" x 5" index cards, scissors, tape, glue, and 2 pennies per student. Have your students cut out their clown shapes and glue them to index cards. Trim away any extra card. Then have them try to balance these clowns on their fingers where the clowns' hands meet. They will not be able to do it. Next, have them tape a penny onto the back of each clown by their feet and try again. The clowns will balance this time. The lower the weight of an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. Weekly Problem Explain that when something is balanced, both sides will be the same. They will be equal. Have them count the number of blocks in each clown's hands and fill in the boxes below them. Ask which clown has the same (or equal) number of blocks in each hand. Answers: 2-3, 5-6, 8-8. The clown on the right is balanced and will get the hat. Storytelling Storytelling Aesop semi-legendary fabulist of ancient Greece. [Gk. Lit.: Harvey, 10] Münchäusen Baron traveler grossly embellishes his experiences. [Ger. Lit. Before they begin this activity, tape or draw a thin line on the floor and have them try to keep their balance while walking toe-to-toe (or use a balance beam, if available). Also have them stand on one foot with their eyes closed. Point out how they must constantly shift their weight to keep from falling over. Have them try these activities with their arms at their sides and again with their arms straight out. Ask why tightrope walkers sometimes carry long poles in their arms. (The long poles work just like extra-long outstretched out·stretch tr.v. out·stretched, out·stretch·ing, out·stretch·es To stretch out; extend. outstretched Adjective arms to help them keep their balance.) Explain that WHY-FLY thought it would be easy to be a tightrope walker. What can he do now? Ask them how they think WHY-FLY must be feeling. Challenge They will put an X on the falling trio of acrobats, the tightrope walker, and the clown on stilts. The others are balanced. Ask what the two balanced circus performers are doing to help keep their balance. They have their arms out or they are carrying long poles. They are also shifting their weight from side to side to help them. Ask what people must do when they are learning how to ride a 2-wheel bike, ice skate, or rollerblade. Home Base This can be done at home or as an in-class activity. Have them try this with different numbers of coins on each side. Level A Main Concepts: Many circus acts depend on balance. When something is balanced, both sides are equal. Picture Activity See TN Level Pre-A--PICTURE ACTIVITY. In addition, ask them which circus acts might fall down. What can these circus performers do to help prevent themselves from falling? Ask your students what they do to help keep their balance. Tell them to think about learning how to ride a 2-wheel bike, ice skate, or rollerblade. (They can move their bodies, shift their weight, hold out their arms, etc.) Vocabulary When they have finished circling the letters, ask if they can see the 3 hidden words--balance (going across), circus and clown (going down). "O" is used only as a letter, not as a number. Have them look back at the New Words box on the front page. The clown on the top right has a different flower. Weekly Lab See TN Level Pre-A--WEEKLY LAB. In addition, after they have gotten their clowns to balance on their fingers, have them try to balance them on other objects, like a pencil eraser or a spoon spoon, n an instrument with a round or ovoid working end; designed to be used for scraping or scooping. . Weekly Problem Tell your students when something is balanced, both sides will be the same. They will be equal Have them add the numbers in each of the clown's hands and write the answers in the boxes below them. Ask which clown has the same (or equal) numbers in both hands. Answers: 5-4, 7-6, 8-8. The clown on the right is balanced and will get the hat. Writing in Science See TN Level Pre-A--STORYTELLING. Challenge Part A: Have your students balance on one foot for as long as they can with their eyes closed and then with their eyes open. Discuss how we sometimes need to shift our weight in order to keep our balance. Our eyes give us feedback that help us to move our bodies correctly and to keep us balanced. Part B: Tell them to keep their shoulders and feet pressed flat against the wall. This causes their center of gravity to be against the wall (and not where it normally is), and it is impossible to lift the other foot without falling over. Home Base This can be done at home or as an in-class activity. Have them try this with different numbers of coins on each side. DID YOU KNOW?? Tightrope artists balance on wire that is only about as thick as your pencil! DID YOU KNOW?? P.T. Barnum used to say, "Clowns are the pegs on which the circus hangs." Level B Main Concepts: Many circus acts depend on balance. When something is balanced, all sides will be equal. We can do things to help us keep our balance. Vocabulary Answers: balance, acrobat Document exchange software from Adobe that allows documents to be displayed and printed the same on every computer. The Acrobat system created the Portable Document Format (PDF), which is widely used in commercial printing and on the Web. See PDF. , circus, performer. Suggest that they cross out the vowels on the floor as they use them. Weekly Lab First have them try to balance their clowns on their fingers at the point where the clowns' hands meet. They will not be able to do it. Then have them tape a penny onto the back of each clown by their feet and try again. The clowns will balance this time. The lower the weight of an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. After they've gotten their clowns to balance on their fingers, have them try to balance them on other objects, like a pencil eraser or a spoon. Weekly Problem Tell your students when something is balanced, both sides will be the same. They will be equal. Have them add or subtract A relational DBMS operation that generates a third file from all the records in one file that are not in a second file. the problems in each of the clown's hands and write the answers in the boxes below them. Answers: 18-19, 12-11, 30-31, 13-13. Ask which clown has the same (or equal) numbers in both hands. The clown on the far right is balanced and will get the hat. Remind them to watch the + and - signs! Writing in Science Before they begin their stories, have them discuss WHY-FLY's predicament Predicament Dancy, Captain Ronald must persecute friend to save own skin. [Br. Lit.: Loyalties, Magill I, 533–534] Gordian knot inextricable difficulty; Alexander cut the original. [Gk. Hist. . Also have them try to walk toe-to-toe on a thin line. Ask what WHY-FLY can do to keep himself from falling (e.g., put out his arms, shift his weight, etc.). What should he do to prepare, if he ever tries this again in the future (e.g., use a long pole to help him balance, use a safety harness and net, exercise, practice balancing techniques, etc.)? Challenge BODY-BALANCE TRICKS--Jumping While Holding Your Toes: To jump forward, you must move your center of gravity in front of your base of support. Holding onto your toes prevents you from doing this. When jumping backward, you are able to move your base to the front of your center of gravity, so you can make this jump. Picking Up the Cup: When your feet are against the wall, your center of gravity is also against the wall. If you are not allowed to move your feet forward when you bend to pick up the cup, you will fall. The same holds true for the Pressed Against the Wall and the Chair activities. In the Getting up from the Chair activity, it is very important to keep your feet flat together on the floor and to keep your back flat against the back of the chair. In order to stand, your center of gravity must be over your feet, which this activity prevents. Level C Main Concepts: Many circus acts depend on balance. We must keep our center of balance in the right place or we will fall down. Vocabulary Answers: balance, ring, tightrope, clown, shoulders, stilts. Weekly Lab First have them try to balance their clown on its nose. They will not be able to do it. Then have them tape a penny behind each of the clown's hands. Their clown will balance this time. The lower the weight is placed on an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. After they've gotten their clown to balance, have them try to balance it on other objects like a finger or a spoon. Weekly Problem Tell your students when something is balanced, both sides will be the same. They will be equal. Have them divide each of the problems the clowns are holding in their hands. Then write the answers in the boxes below them. Answers: 32-33, 15-16, 27-26, 12-12. The clown on the far right is balanced and will get the hat. Writing in Science Before they begin their stories, have them discuss WHY-FLY's predicament. Also have them try to walk toe-to-toe on a thin line. Ask what WHY-FLY can do to keep himself from falling (e.g., put out his arms, shift his weight, etc.). What should he do to prepare, if he ever tries this again in the future (e.g., use a long pole to help him balance, use a safety harness and net, exercise, practice balancing techniques, etc.)? Challenge See TN Level B--CHALLENGE. In addition, have your students try to explain what they have experienced. Level D Main Concepts: Many circus acts involve balance. Gravity is the force that pulls us toward the center of the Earth. Vocabulary Their answers will vary. Here are some examples: 1) ring, in, mast mast, large metal or timber pole secured vertically or nearly vertically in a ship, used primarily for supporting sails and rigging. The mast is as old as sailing vessels, and the oldest sailboats depicted (those of ancient Egypt) had a small mast placed forward and , master 2) rob, bat, at 3) low, own 4) trap, rap, ape, art, is 5) tight, rope, walk 6) an, train, rain, in. Weekly Lab First have them try to balance their clown on its nose. They will not be able to do it. Then have them tape a penny behind each of the clown's hands. Their clown will balance this time. The lower the weight is placed on an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. After they've gotten their clown to balance, have them try to balance it on other objects like a finger or a spoon. Have them also try to balance their clown upside-down. When the clown is upside down, its weight is no longer towards the bottom and it will not balance. Also have them try to balance their clowns on a string tied between 2 chairs or on their fingers while they are moving, etc. Weekly Problem Answer: 4 clowns will go to town. Remind them that the twins and their 12 friends make 14. Writing in Science Have your students brainstorm (or research) different circus acts and performers (e.g. unicycle, seal with a ball, tightrope walker, acrobats, stilts, jugglers, animal acts, trapeze artists, etc.). Encourage them to find out more about how early circuses were held in tents, how these were set up, how circuses traveled to different locations, circus parades, etc. Challenge BODY-BALANCE TRICKS--Jumping While Holding Your Toes: To jump forward, you must move your center of gravity in front of your base of support. Holding onto your toes prevents you from doing this. When jumping backward, you are able to move your base to the front of your center of gravity, so you can make this jump. Picking Up the Cup: When your feet are against the wail, your center of gravity is also against the wall. If you are not allowed to move your feet forward when you bend to pick up the cup, you will fall. The same holds true for the Pressed Against the Wall and the Chair activities. In the Getting up from the Chair activity, it is very important to keep your feet flat together on the floor and to keep your back flat against the back of the chair. In order to stand, your center of gravity must be over your feet, which this activity prevents. For the Standing on One Foot with their Eyes Closed activity, have them try this several times, with a partner timing them. Did they improve with each attempt? Discuss the importance of sight in helping us keep our balance. Sight provides the feedback we need to know how to shift our body weight correctly. Have them try this activity again with their eyes open for comparison. Have them describe what was different in doing this activity with their eyes opened and closed. DID YOU KNOW?? Leotards are named after the inventor INVENTOR. One who invents or finds out something. 2. The patent laws of the United States authorize a patent to be issued to the original inventor; if the invention is suggested by another, he is not the inventor within the meaning of those laws; but in that of the flying trapeze An act involving two trapezes: the catcher's bar and the fly bar. The catcher's bar is at one end of the rig. The fly bar is more central. At the opposite end from the catcher's bar is a pedestal. In the act, the flyer jumps from a pedestal holding on to the fly bar. , Jules Le'otard. DID YOU KNOW?? The first 3 layer, 7 person pyramid pyramid, structure pyramid. The true pyramid exists only in Egypt, though the term has also been applied to similar structures in other countries. Egyptian pyramids are square in plan and their triangular sides, which directly face the points of the was performed on a highwire by the Great Wallendas in 1961. DID YOU KNOW?? In 1910, the first head-to-head stand on a swinging bar was performed without holding hands! DID YOU KNOW?? The first quadruple quad·ru·ple adj. 1. Consisting of four parts or members. 2. Four times as much in size, strength, number, or amount. 3. Music Having four beats to the measure. n. back somersault from a teeter board onto a chair was accomplished at the New York Hippodrome The New York Hippodrome was a theatre in New York City which closed on August 16, 1939. Construction With J. H. Morgan as architect, the Hippodrome first opened in 1905 with a seating capacity of 5,200, and is still considered as one of the true wonders of theatre in 1915. Level E Main Concepts: Many circus acts involve balance. Gravity is the force that pulls us towards the center of the Earth. The center of balance is the point around which all parts balance equally. Vocabulary Their answers will vary. Here are some examples: 1) ring, in, mast, master 2) rob, bat, at 3) us, low, own 4) trap, rap, ape, art, is 5) tight, rope, walk 6) an, train, rain, in. Weekly Lab If they have difficulty balancing with the pencil, have them try using a toilet paper tube cut in half lengthwise length·wise adv. & adj. Of, along, or in reference to the direction of the length; longitudinally. Adj. 1. lengthwise . This lab involves prediction and observation. Bonus: The pattern will show that 2 pennies will be about half the distance to the center as 1 penny. (3 pennies will be about 1/3 the distance, etc.) Your students may notice that not all pennies are exactly the same weight. Suggest that they experiment with several different pennies and compare their results. They can also repeat this experiment using two pennies as the base on the left side of their ruler. Weekly Problem Answers: Ted--6 minutes, Ned--3 minutes, Ed--9 minutes. Ned will arrive first. Have them carefully check the information given for each clown about the distance their ladder rungs are spaced and the speed at which each can climb. They will need to calculate how many rungs each clown must climb to reach WHY-FLY at 36 feet above the ground. Then they will divide to find out how many minutes it takes to climb that number of rungs. Since most ceilings are about 8 ft. tall, ask how many stories high WHY-FLY is on his tightrope (4 1/2 stories). Writing in Science Before they begin writing, discuss what things you might need to know to be a great clown (e.g., makeup makeup In the performing arts, material used by actors for cosmetic purposes and to help create the characters they play. Not needed in Greek and Roman theatre because of the use of masks, makeup was used in the religious plays of medieval Europe, in which the angels' faces , acrobatics, juggling, tricks, etc.). Until recently, Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus[R] maintained an actual Clown College in Baraboo, Wisconsin (home of the original 5 Ringling Brothers). This unique school provided a rigorous 8-week, tuition-free program. Students attended classes 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. Its curriculum included juggling, improvisations, make-up, acrobatics, stilts, unicycling, pie throwing, and general "clowning around." Unfortunately, this program no longer exists and today's clowns must obtain their "education" elsewhere. Puzzle “Puzzle solving” redirects here. For the concept in Thomas Kuhn's philosophy of science, see normal science. A puzzle is a problem or enigma that challenges ingenuity. Have your students try to explain what they are experiencing. Part A: To jump forward while holding your toes requires you to move your center of gravity in front of your base of support. Holding onto your toes prevents you from shifting your weight in this way. When jumping backward, you are able to move your base to the front of your center of gravity, so you can make this jump easily. Part B: Have them try this several times, with a partner timing them. Did they improve with each attempt? Discuss the importance of sight in balancing. Sight provides feedback that allows the body to shift its weight correctly. Have them try this again with their eyes open for comparison. Part C: When your feet are against the wall, your center of gravity is also against the wall. If you are not allowed to move your feet when you bend forward to pick up the cup, you will fall. The wall prevents you from shifting your center of gravity inside your base of support. The same holds true for Part D. In Part E, it is very important to keep your feet flat together on the floor and to keep your back flat against the back of the chair. In order to stand, your center of gravity must be over your feet, which this activity prevents. Challenge First have them try to balance their clown on its nose. They will not be able to do this with the plain index card clown. Once they have taped a penny behind each of the clown's hands, they will be able to balance their clown. The lower the weight is placed on an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. When they try to balance their clown upside-down, its weight is no longer towards the bottom and it will not balance. Have them try to balance their clown on other objects like a spoon or on a finger while moving around the room. Level F Main Concepts: Many circus acts involve balance. Gravity is the force that pulls us towards the center of the Earth. The center of balance is the point around which all parts balance equally. An object's center of gravity is also the point where it balances. Weekly Lab Thin cardboard Cardboard is a generic non-specific term for a heavy duty paper based product. Paperboard
Paperboard is a paper based material. It is often used for folding cartons, set-up boxes, carded packaging, etc. works best for this lab. It should be easy to cut and punch holes through. (Avoid thick corrugated cardboard Noun 1. corrugated cardboard - cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides) corrugated board cardboard, composition board - a stiff moderately thick paper corrugated cardboard n .) Instead of using a paper clip hook See Clove hook , you can also just thumbtack the shape and plumb line onto a bulletin board. In Step 1, remind your students to draw a dot where they predict the point of balance will be, before they actually try to balance their shape. To continue refining refining, any of various processes for separating impurities from crude or semifinished materials. It includes the finer processes of metallurgy, the fractional distillation of petroleum into its commercial products, and the purifying of cane, beet, and maple sugar where the exact point of balance is located, they can punch 1 or 2 more holes around the edge of their shape and repeat Steps 5 and 6 with their plumb lines. Weekly Problem Answers: They will completely fill up 2 sections and a total of 17 rows. (There's 63 seats in a section.) The last student will be in Section C, Row 4, Seat 3. After they have completed this problem, have them share how they arrived at their answers. Writing in Science Before they begin writing, discuss what things you might need to know to be a great clown (e.g., make-up, acrobatics, juggling, tricks, etc.). Until recently, Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus[R] maintained a real Clown College in Baraboo, Wisconsin (home of the original 5 Ringling Brothers). This unique school provided a rigorous 8-week, tuition-free program. Students attended classes 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. Its curriculum included juggling, improvisations make-up, acrobatics, stilts, unicycling, pie throwing, and general "clowning around." Unfortunately, this program no longer exists and today's clowns must obtain their "education" elsewhere. Puzzle See TN Level E--PUZZLE. Challenge First have them try to balance their clown on its nose. They will not be able to do this with the plain index card clown. Once they have taped a penny behind each of the clown's hand's they will be able to balance their clown. The lower the weight is placed on an object, the lower its center of gravity, which makes it easier to balance. When they try to balance their clown upside-down, its weight is no longer towards the bottom and it will not balance. Have them try to balance their clown on other objects like a spoon or on a finger while moving around room. DID YOU KNOW? Clown Alley is name for the dressing room where clowns put on their costumes and make-up. Thinking Beyond * Most people are under the misconception mis·con·cep·tion n. A mistaken thought, idea, or notion; a misunderstanding: had many misconceptions about the new tax program. that heavier things fall faster than lighter objects. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) thought this was true when he experimented by dropping a rock and a feather. If a feather and hammer are dropped at the same time, the feather takes longer to fall because of air resistance. When astronauts tried this on the Moon, where there is no air, the feather and hammer landed at the same time. Show your students two identical coffee cans--one filled with sand and one empty. (Have them compare the weights of the cans.) Then have them predict which will fall faster when you drop them from the same height. (They will land at the same time.) * Have them think of some circumstances CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence. The particulars which accompany a fact. 2. The facts proved are either possible or impossible, ordinary and probable, or extraordinary and improbable, recent or ancient; they may have happened near us, or afar off; they are public or where gravity creates problems. Then have them think of some creative ways to solve these problems. Also discuss some activities where gravity is helpful to us. * If they joined a circus, what would they like to do and why?. Besides the different performers, discuss some of the behind-the-scene jobs like public relations public relations, activities and policies used to create public interest in a person, idea, product, institution, or business establishment. By its nature, public relations is devoted to serving particular interests by presenting them to the public in the most , publicity, animal care, making the arrangements for moving the circus (performers, animals, and apparatus) from place to place, setting up the equipment, etc. Also have them find out about different clown characters and clown make-up. Weekly Resources Helpful Sources for Planning Your Science Weekly Classroom Activities Recommended Resources Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus--THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH[R] provides a free CircusWorks educational and fun packet for children. For more information contact their Educational Services Dept., 8607 Westwood Center Drive, Vienna, VA 22182 (703-448-4120). * Burgress, Ron. Be a Clown: Techniques from a Real Clown (Quick Starts for Kids!). Charlotte, VT: Williamson Publishing, 2003 * Duncan, Lois. The Circus Comes Home. New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of : Bantam Bantam Former city and sultanate, Java. It was located at the western end of Java between the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the early 16th century it became a powerful Muslim sultanate, which extended its control over parts of Sumatra and Borneo. Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1993 * Machotka, Hana. The Magic Ring--A Year With The Big Apple Circus. New York: William Morrow
* Oxlade, Chris, Jay Young. The Amazing Pop-Up Science Flea Circus A flea circus refers to a circus sideshow attraction in which fleas were attached to miniature carts and other items, and encouraged to perform circus acts within a small housing. Fresnel lenses were mounted on all sides of the housing to allow visitors to view the attraction. : 6 Mind-Boggling Acts. London: Chrysalis chrysalis (krĭs`əlĭs): see pupa. Books, 2003 * Perkins, Catherine. The Most Excellent Book of How to Be a Clown. Brookfield, CT: Copper Beech copper beech Noun a European beech with reddish leaves Noun 1. copper beech - variety of European beech with shining purple or copper-colored leaves Books, 1996 * VanCleave, Janice. Gravity--Spectacular Science Projects. New York: John Wiley John Wiley may refer to:
Internet Resources Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus--THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH[R] http://www.ringling.com/activity/education http://www.ringling.com/home.jtmpl These sites have lots of information and history about the circus, animals, and clowns. They include games and links to other circus web sites. Check on their CircusWorks activities section. Circus World
Circus World was a theme park built north of Haines City, Florida in Polk County, on the east corner of the intersection of US 27 and Interstate 4. Museum--http://www.circusworldmuseum.com and for Circus World photos--http://www.baraboonow.com/circusworld/index.asp International Clown Hall of Fame--http://www.theclownmuseum.org Clowns of America International--http://www.coai.org Clown International--http://www.clowns-international.co.uk Materials Needed for Issue 3--Wheels and Gears Pre-A--heavy cans (like dog food or soup) optional--small toys with wheels, cardboard, glue, straws, scissors A--heavy cans (like dog food or soup) optional--small toys with wheels, cardboard, glue, straws, scissors, books B--straws, books (optional--cardboard, glue, straw straw, dried stalks of threshed grains, especially wheat, barley, oats, and rye. It has been used from antiquity for bedding, covering floors, and thatching roofs, as fodder and litter for animals, and in weaving such articles as mats, screens, baskets, ornaments and , scissors) C--straws, books, masking mask·ing n. 1. The concealment or the screening of one sensory process or sensation by another. 2. An opaque covering used to camouflage the metal parts of a prosthesis. tape, rulers, 8 oz. paper cups, ballpoint pens, flexible drinking straws, string, washers (or other small weights), tape, sandwich cookies (like Oreo[R]), shoebox shoe·box n. 1. An oblong box, usually made of cardboard, for holding a pair of shoes. 2. Something resembling or suggestive of such a box, as a plain, rectangular building or a cramped room or dwelling. Noun 1. lids D, E, F--heavy books, straws, large rubber bands, 8 oz. paper cups, ballpoint pens, tape, rulers, flexible drinking straws, string, washers (or other small weights), sandwich cookies (like Oreo[R]), shoebox lids |
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