Changes in the condition of the Wabash River drainage from 1990-2004.ABSTRACT. The Wabash River Wabash River River, flowing westward across Indiana, U.S. After crossing Indiana, the Wabash forms the 200-mi (320-km) southern section of the Indiana-Illinois boundary below Terre Haute, Ind. drainage drainage, in agriculture drainage, in agriculture, the removal of excess water from the soil, either by a system of surface ditches, or by underground conduits if required by soil conditions and land contour. was evaluated based on three hydrologic watershed watershed, elevation or divide separating the catchment area, or drainage basin, of one river system or group of river systems from another system or group of systems. The term is also often used synonymously with drainage basin. units that were sampled from 1990-2004 so that patterns in biological integrity and assessment of aquatic life designated uses could be determined. The three units included: 1) the West Fork West Fork may be:
Indiana, midwestern state in the N central United States. It is bordered by Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan (N), Ohio (E), Kentucky, across the Ohio R. (S), and Illinois (W). portions of the Wabash River system above its confluence confluence /con·flu·ence/ (kon´floo-ins) 1. a running together; a meeting of streams.con´fluent 2. in embryology, the flowing of cells, a component process of gastrulation. with the Ohio River Ohio River Major river, eastern central U.S. Formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, it flows northwest out of Pennsylvania, and west and southwest to form the state boundaries of Ohio–West Virginia, Ohio-Kentucky, Indiana-Kentucky, and . Targeted sampling was done in each of the three watershed units from 1990-1995, while a random probability sample design was used from 1996-2004. Assessment of the fish assemblage assemblage: see collage. assemblage Three-dimensional construction made from household materials such as rope and newspapers or from any found materials. information for the three periods showed increasing biological integrity for each of the three watersheds. The watershed with the highest biological integrity was the East Fork White River, followed by the West Fork White River, and Wabash River. Aquatic life designated uses were met in 76% of the East Fork White River stream miles; 62% of the West Fork and lower White rivers; and 53% of the Wabash River stream miles. Keywords: Biotic biotic /bi·ot·ic/ (bi-ot´ik) 1. pertaining to life or living matter. 2. pertaining to the biota. bi·ot·ic adj. 1. Relating to life or living organisms. integrity, biological assessment, probabilistic design Introduction Probabilistic design is a discipline within Engineering Design. It deals primarily with the consideration of the effects of random variability upon the performance of an engineering system during the design phase. , Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI See Information Builders. ) ********** The mandate of water quality monitoring agencies is to assess the condition of the waters of the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. and to report on their status. As new tools are developed (Morris et al. 2006) and indices are calibrated cal·i·brate tr.v. cal·i·brat·ed, cal·i·brat·ing, cal·i·brates 1. To check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a standard (the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument): (Simon 1992; Simon & Stahl Stahl is a surname, and may refer to:
An environment that supports an assemblage of organisms Organisms See also animals; bacteria; biology; plants; zoology. anabolism Biology, Physiology. the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones. Cf. catabolism. — anabolic, adj. similar to that produced by long-term Long-term Three or more years. In the context of accounting, more than 1 year. long-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss in the value of a security that has been held over a specific length of time. Compare short-term. evolutionary processes is considered to have high biological integrity. Biological integrity has been defined as "the ability to support and maintain a balanced, integrated adaptive assemblage of organisms having species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitat of the region" (Karr & Dudley Dudley, city (1991 pop. 186,513) and metropolitan district, W central England. Dudley's famed iron, coal, and limestone industries began declining c.1870. Other industries include engineering works, steelworks, metallurgy, glass cutting, textiles, and leatherworking. 1981; Karr et al. 1986). Human activities often degrade TO DEGRADE, DEGRADING. To, sink or lower a person in the estimation of the public. 2. As a man's character is of great importance to him, and it is his interest to retain the good opinion of all mankind, when he is a witness, he cannot be compelled to disclose the environment, resulting in a detectable decline in biological integrity. When comparing all streams in North America North America, third largest continent (1990 est. pop. 365,000,000), c.9,400,000 sq mi (24,346,000 sq km), the northern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere. , large rivers are disproportionately dis·pro·por·tion·ate adj. Out of proportion, as in size, shape, or amount. dis  pro·por degraded de·grad·ed adj. 1. Reduced in rank, dignity, or esteem. 2. Having been corrupted or depraved. 3. Having been reduced in quality or value. (Karr et al. 1985; Poff et al. 1997). The loss of biological integrity in these large river systems is the result of widespread land use changes and anthropogenic an·thro·po·gen·ic adj. 1. Of or relating to anthropogenesis. 2. Caused by humans: anthropogenic degradation of the environment. land scale disturbance DISTURBANCE, torts. A wrong done to an incorporeal hereditament, by hindering or disquieting the owner in the enjoyment of it. Finch. L. 187; 3 Bl. Com. 235; 1 Swift's Dig. 522; Com. Dig. Action upon the case for a disturbance, Pleader, 3 I 6; 1 Serg. & Rawle, 298. . Few studies have evaluated the long-term changes in biological integrity in drainage units as large as the Wabash River, with emphasis on large mainstem Mainstem may refer to the following:
The purpose of the current study was to document changes in three hydrologic watershed units within the Wabash River drainage from 1990-2004. We compared changes during three assessment periods and the status of the watershed based on a stratified stratified /strat·i·fied/ (strat´i-fid) formed or arranged in layers. strat·i·fied adj. Arranged in the form of layers or strata. probability based approach. METHODS Study area.--The Wabash River is the largest northern tributary of the Ohio River and is the longest free-flowing large river east of the Mississippi Mississippi, state, United States Mississippi (mĭs'əsĭp`ē), one of the Deep South states of the United States. It is bordered by Alabama (E), the Gulf of Mexico (S), Arkansas and Louisiana, with most of the border formed by . For this study, the Wabash River drainage was divided into three watershed study areas based on 8-digit hydrologic units as defined by the U.S. Geological Survey The term geological survey can be used to describe both the conduct of a survey for geological purposes and an institution holding geological information. A geological survey (USGS USGS United States Geological Survey (US Department of the Interior) ). The Wabash River and its direct tributaries include the headwater head·wa·ter n. The water from which a river rises; a source. Often used in the plural. Noun 1. headwater - the source of a river; "the headwaters of the Nile" areas from the State of Ohio to its confluence with the Ohio River (Posey A posey can be a flower bouquet. As a surname it is of French and English origins, originating and or derived from the greek word Desposyni. People whose surname is or was Posey include:
ECBP Environmentally Conscious Business Practice ), which is primarily rowcrop agriculture, and the Interior River Lowland (IRL 1. (jargon, chat) IRL - In real life. Generally synonymous with f2f. 2. (language, robotics) IRL - Industrial Robot Language. ), which includes forest landscapes, as well as oil, gas, and coal exploration land uses (Omernik & Gallant 1988). Study design.--The State of Indiana uses a Probabilistic (probability) probabilistic - Relating to, or governed by, probability. The behaviour of a probabilistic system cannot be predicted exactly but the probability of certain behaviours is known. Such systems may be simulated using pseudorandom numbers. Monitoring Program as one portion of the state's comprehensive strategy to provide an evaluation of stream water quality and biological integrity in major basins of Indiana. The probability design generates statistically valid estimates of the percent of total stream miles impaired for aquatic life and recreational uses. Three hydrologic units in the Wabash River drainage were assessed based on a random, stratified probabilistic design (Messer et al. 1991). The Probabilistic Monitoring Program divided the state into nine major watersheds that are sampled once every five years, providing a complete assessment of the entire state. Sites were generated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), independent agency of the U.S. government, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1970 to reduce and control air and water pollution, noise pollution, and radiation and to ensure the safe handling and (USEPA USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP EMAP Emergency Management Accreditation Program EMAP Electronic Materials and Packaging EMAP Electronic Mapping EMAP Environmental Mapping and Assessment Program EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme ) selection methods, which used randomly selected sites to assess and characterize the overall water quality and biotic integrity of the study basin (USEPA 1994; USGS 1994). The target population was defined as all perennial streams A perennial stream or perennial river is a stream or river that flows continuously all year round.[1] See also
1. ^ Definition of "Perennial Stream". within the geographic boundaries of Indiana for the basin of interest. "Perennial perennial, any plant that under natural conditions lives for several to many growing seasons, as contrasted to an annual or a biennial. Botanically, the term perennial " for the purpose of the Probabilistic Monitoring Program was defined as water present in at least 50% of the stream reach (reach was defined as 15 times the average wetted width of the stream, minimum 50 m, maximum 500 m). The sample population included all rivers, streams, canals, and ditches as indexed through the USEPA River Reach File 3 excluding marshes, wetlands wetlands, low-lying ecosystem where the water table is always at or near the surface. It is divided into estuarine and freshwater systems, which may be further subdivided by soil type and plant life into bogs, swamps, and marshes. , backwaters, impoundments, dry and tiled tile n. 1. A thin, flat or convex slab of hard material such as baked clay or plastic, laid in rows to cover walls, floors, and roofs. 2. A short length of pipe made of clay or concrete, used in sewers and drains. 3. sites. Site selection was stratified to ensure streams of all sizes/orders (Strahler 1952) were sampled allowing for a spatially accurate representation of the various stream sizes (USEPA 1994; USGS 1994). Three study periods included the baseline The horizontal line to which the bottoms of lowercase characters (without descenders) are aligned. See typeface. baseline - released version study that was conducted from 1990-1995 and two rounds of the probability sampling that included the periods 1996-1999 and 2001-2004. Field collection.--Fish assemblages were assessed using a variety of electrofishing Electrofishing uses electricity to stun fish before they are caught. Two electrodes are used. The boat is the cathode, and the anode is at the front. The stunned fish swim toward the anode, where they are caught alive using a dip net.[1] References 1. equipment. Small streams (<3.3 m wetted width) were sampled using either backpack or long-line electrofishing units; wadeable streams (>3.3 m wetted width) were sampled using long-line or tote-barge electrofishing equipment; large river (non-wadeable >2580 [km.sup.2] drainage area) and great river (>5956.97 [km.sup.2]) reaches were sampled using boat mounted electrofishing units. Sampling was conducted along a linear reach of stream based on 15 times the wetted width with minimum distances of 50 m and maximum distances of 500 m (500 m each bank for large rivers). All representative habitats were sampled within the stream reach. All fish encountered were netted and placed into a live well. At the completion of the sampling, all fish were identified to species, counted, batch weighed by species, and minimum and maximum length recorded. All individuals were inspected for deformities, eroded e·rode v. e·rod·ed, e·rod·ing, e·rodes v.tr. 1. To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion: Waves eroded the shore. 2. To eat into; corrode. fins, lesions, and tumor tumor: see neoplasm. (DELT) anomalies. Fish were identified using regional identification manuals (Gerking 1955; Smith 1973; Trautman 1981), and voucher A receipt or release which provides evidence of payment or other discharge of a debt, often for purposes of reimbursement, or attests to the accuracy of the accounts. specimens are curated at the Indiana Biological Survey Aquatic Research Center, Bloomington, Indiana Bloomington is a city in south central Indiana. Located about 50 miles southwest of Indianapolis, it is the seat of Monroe County. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Bloomington had a total population of 69,291, making it the 7th largest city in Indiana. . Calculations of biological integrity.--The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) was used to assess the biological integrity of the stream (Simon 1992; Simon & Dufour 1998; Simon & Stahl 1998; Simon 2006). The IBI is composed of 12 metrics metrics Managed care A popular term for standards by which the quality of a product, service, or outcome of a particular form of Pt management is evaluated. See TQM. that assess fish assemblage structure, trophic trophic /tro·phic/ (tro´fik) (trof´ik) pertaining to nutrition. troph·ic adj. Of, relating to, or characterized by nutrition. composition (feeding and reproductive re·pro·duc·tive adj. 1. Of or relating to reproduction. 2. Tending to reproduce. reproductive subserving or pertaining to reproduction. guilds guilds or gilds, economic and social associations of persons engaging in the same business or craft, typical of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. ), and fish condition and health. The total IBI score, integrity class and attributes help define fish assemblage characteristics. Table 1, modified from Karr et al. 1986, uses total IBI score, integrity class and attributes to define the fish assemblage characteristics in Indiana streams and rivers. Indiana narrative biological criteria [327 IAC (1) (InterApplication Communications) The interprocess communications capability in the Macintosh starting with System 7.0. Many IAC events take place behind the scenes. 2-1-3(2)] states that "all waters, except those designated as limited use, will be capable of supporting a well-balanced well-bal·anced adj. 1. Evenly proportioned, balanced, or regulated. 2. Mentally stable; sensible or sound. well-balanced Adjective sensible and emotionally stable Adj. , warm water aquatic community" (IDEM [Latin, The same.] Used to indicate a reference that has previously been made and typically abbreviated "id." in legal and scholarly bibliographic citations. 2006a). The water quality standard definition of a "well-balanced aquatic community" is "an aquatic community which is diverse in species composition, contains several different trophic levels trophic level n. A group of organisms that occupy the same position in a food chain. trophic level , and is not composed mainly of strictly pollution tolerant species" [327 IAC 2-1-9(60)] (IDEM 2006a). A stream segment is non-supporting for aquatic life use when the monitored fish assemblage receives an IBI score of less than 35 which is considered poor or very poor (IDEM 2006b). Statistics and data analysis.--When estimates for characteristics of the entire target watershed are computed, the statistical analysis must account for any loss of stratification stratification (Lat.,=made in layers), layered structure formed by the deposition of sedimentary rocks. Changes between strata are interpreted as the result of fluctuations in the intensity and persistence of the depositional agent, e.g. or unequal probability selection due to some sites not being sampled (i.e., access denied, impounded, dry, etc.). This method applies a post-hoe statistical correction factor (weighting factor) to an unbalanced sample stratification resulting in a corrected probability design (Diaz-Ramos et al. 1996). The USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL NHEERL National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (US EPA) ) in Corvallis, Oregon Corvallis (IPA: [ˌkɔɹ ˈvæl ɪs]) is a city located in central western Oregon, USA. It is the county seat of Benton CountyGR6 , created a software program "psurvey.analysis" that is used to adjust the weighting of sites and develop accurate estimates for a measured parameter (1) Any value passed to a program by the user or by another program in order to customize the program for a particular purpose. A parameter may be anything; for example, a file name, a coordinate, a range of values, a money amount or a code of some kind. in a target population. This software program contains functions which calculate the final weight value for each site and estimates the percentage of integrity class for each hydrologic unit in the Wabash Wabash, river, United States Wabash, river, c.475 mi (765 km) long, rising in Grand Lake, W Ohio, and flowing NW into Ind., then generally SW through Ind., becoming the Ind.-Ill. drainage (http://www.epa.gov/nheerl/arm/analysispages/techinfoanalysis.htm). RESULTS & DISCUSSION Fish assemblage.--Based on surveys of the entire Wabash River, 150 species were found from 1990-2004. This number of species represents 72.1% of the entire fish fauna fauna All the species of animals found in a particular region, period, or special environment. Five faunal realms, based on terrestrial animal species, are generally recognized: Holarctic, including Nearactic (North America) and Paleartic (Eurasia and northern Africa); of Indiana (Simon et al. 2002). We collected 135 species from the Wabash River hydrologic unit, 113 species from the West Fork and lower White River hydrologic unit, and 115 species from the East Fork White River hydrologic unit (Table 2). Status.--Based on the sampling and IBI results of three hydrologic units that comprise the Wabash River drainage, the Wabash River and tributaries drainage unit has remained relatively stable during the last 15 years. However, the East Fork White River (EFWR) and West Fork White River (WFWR) drainage units show an increase in biological integrity with higher percentages of fair, good, and excellent integrity classes (Table 3). The EFWR had the highest percentage (17%) of excellent streams, while the Wabash River had the lowest (1%). Watershed ranking of sites that met designated uses for aquatic life (IBI Score >35) included EFWR (76%), WFWR (62%), and Wabash River (53%) (Table 3). The Wabash River possessed the highest percentage of poor sites based on biological integrity (36%), followed by the WFWR (27%), and the EFWR (22%). Wabash River: Three sampling periods included targeted sampling during 1990-1995, and two probabilistic survey periods during 1998-1999, and 2003-2004 (Fig. 1). Surveys of the Wabash River from 1990-1995 resulted in an average IBI score that classified sites as fair (Fig. 1). None of the Wabash River mainstem sites rated as excellent. The frequency distribution for each of the IBI condition categories from 1990-1995 included good-excellent (3.6%), good (7.1%), good-fair (14.3%), fair (32.1%), fair-poor (21.4%), poor (17.9%), and very poor (3.6%). Biological integrity for the Wabash River mainstem was low in 1993 from Fountain fountain, natural or artificially conveyed flow of water. In ancient Greece columnar shrines were built over springs and dedicated to deities or nymphs. In ancient Rome fountains fed by the great aqueduct system furnished water in the streets, in the villa gardens, County to Posey County (Simon & Stahl 1998), possibly influenced by prolonged pro·long tr.v. pro·longed, pro·long·ing, pro·longs 1. To lengthen in duration; protract. 2. To lengthen in extent. early summer flooding (Gammon & Simon 1998). For the Wabash River mainstem, the lowest IBI scores occurred near old Grand Rapids Grand Rapids, city (1990 pop. 189,126), seat of Kent co., SW central Mich., on the Grand River; inc. 1850. The second largest city in the state, it is a distribution, wholesale, and industrial center for an area that yields fruit, dairy products, farm produce, dam (IBI = 22); and there was a large depression in biological integrity along Vermillion County down river to northern Vigo Vigo (vē`gō), city (1990 pop. 279,986), Pontevedra prov., NW Spain, in Galicia, on an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. A naval base and one of the most active ports of Spain, it has the country's most important fishing fleet. County (Simon & Stahl 1998). Overall, streams in the watershed improved in the excellent and good condition categories during 1998-99, but categories that failed to meet aquatic life designated uses also increased (Table 3). Continued improvements were observed during 2003-2004 with increases in excellent and good categories, and declines in the fair condition category (Fig. 1). Unfortunately, the poor and very poor condition categories also increased (Table 3). The three frequency distribution curves of total IBI score for the Wabash River watershed over three survey periods show increases in the fair and good integrity classes (ranging from 35 to 53) (Fig. 4). [FIGURES 1 & 4 OMITTED] East Fork White River: Biological integrity increased in the EFWR from 1990-2002 (Fig. 2). During 1990-1995, the fish assemblage conditions ranged from poor-very poor (IBI = 25) to good (IBI = 51). The frequency distribution was: good (16.7%), fair (11.1%), fair-poor (50.0%), poor (16.7%), poor-very poor (5.6%). Sampling conducted during 1997 produced similar results to the 1990-1995 period (Fig. 2), with the only difference being an increase in the amount of poor condition sites. During 2002, excellent and good condition sites increased in frequency and poor and very poor condition sites decreased (Table 3). Overall, there were fewer poor sites in 1990-1995 than in both 1997 and 2002. However, more good and excellent integrity classes were found in 2002 than in 1990-1995 and 1997 (Fig. 5). [FIGURES 2 & 5 OMITTED] West Fork White River: Biological integrity in the WFWR and lower White River improved with the largest increases occurring between the poor and fair integrity categories (Fig. 3). During 1990-1995, an increase in biological integrity was observed downstream From the provider to the customer. Downloading files and Web pages from the Internet is the downstream side. The upstream is from the customer to the provider (requesting a Web page, sending e-mail, etc.). from the East and West Fork junction to the mouth of the lower White River (Simon 1992). The condition of fish assemblages in the lower White River (1990-1995) ranged from poor to fair (IBI = 27-44), and IBI scores approximated a normal curve with a frequency distribution including, fair 31.3% (n = 5), fair-poor 37.5% (n = 6), and poor 31.3% (n = 5) (Simon 1992). The condition of the fish assemblages in the WFWR (1990-1995) ranged from poor-very poor (IBI = 24) to good (IBI = 46), and the IBI frequency distribution for the 1990-1995 period for the WFWR included: good (5.6%), fair (11.1%), fair-poor (16.7%), poor (22.2%), and poor-very poor (33.3%). During 1996, the biological integrity of the WFWR watershed improved with the increase of the good and fair categories and the decline of the very poor category (Table 3). The frequency distribution of total IBI scores for the West Fork and lower White rivers over the three survey periods indicates a decrease in fair and good integrity classes from 1990-1995 to 1996. However, the high integrity classes rebound rebound (rē´bownd), n/v 1. a recovery from illness. n 2. an outbreak of fresh reflex activity after withdrawal of a stimulus rebound adjective in 2001 to levels greater than those seen from 1990-1995 and 1996 (Fig. 6). [FIGURES 3 & 6 OMITTED] Assessment of the three watershed units.--The benefit of the random probability design was a narrower confidence interval confidence interval, n a statistical device used to determine the range within which an acceptable datum would fall. Confidence intervals are usually expressed in percentages, typically 95% or 99%. for estimated parameters with increasing number of data points; however, this assumes that no changes in water quality affected the biological assemblages (Messer et al. 1991). Assessments of each watershed can be evaluated based on either each of the three time periods or based on a combination of the random probability design sites during each of the two sample rounds (Table 3). Each watershed estimate reflects a high degree of confidence; however, combination of the data for the ten year period from 1996-2006 can be used to determine trends in aquatic life designated uses. Based on the combined assessment conditions, the Wabash River watershed unit has about 53% of all stream miles meeting aquatic life designed uses; EFWR has 76% of all stream miles meeting aquatic life designated uses (IBI > 35); and WFWR has 62% of all stream miles meeting aquatic life designated uses (Table 3). The EFWR has 33% of all stream miles classified as either good or excellent based on biological integrity, while the WFWR has 17% of stream miles and the Wabash River has 14% classified as good or excellent. The Wabash River had 47% of stream miles failing aquatic life designated uses (classified as poor or very poor), WFWR had 38% failing, and EFWR had 24% as either poor or very poor (Table 3). An increasing need for Water Quality agencies to report on the entire waters of the nation requires monitoring and assessment tools that can be used to provide accurate classification of water resources. The Wabash River drainage is perhaps one of the most important waters in the State of Indiana. Water quality agencies are increasingly challenged with the responsibility for providing clean water and for restoring the biological integrity of the nation's surface waters. The use of a probabilistic sample design allows all waters to be classified and accurate reporting and inventory to be classified. Trends in biological integrity can be followed as management and restoration programs are implemented. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS See About this product. We appreciate the assistance of the Department of Environmental Management biologists in the collection of data. We especially thank Ronda Ronda (rôn`dä), town (1990 pop. 34,102), Málaga prov., S Spain, in Andalusia. One of the most colorful of Spanish towns, it is beautifully situated high in the mountains of Sierra de Ronda and is a popular tourist destination. Dufour, Anthony Branam, Jim Butler, Greg GREG Great Egg Harbor National Scenic and Recreational River (US National Park Service) Nottingham Nottingham, city (1991 pop. 273,300) and district, county seat of Nottinghamshire, central England, on the Trent River. A center of rail and road transportation, the city's most important industries are the manufacture of lace, hosiery, cotton, and silk. , Doug Campbell Doug Campbell was a rock and roll guitarist from Nebraska, and the recipient of the 2000 Ron Tuccitto Award from the Nebraska Music Hall of Fame. References
n. 1. Voice; speech; language. Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is in heaven. - Chaucer. 2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. To set steven to make an appointment. Newhouse New·house , S(amuel) I(rving) 1895-1979. American publisher who built and controlled a vast media conglomerate, based on 31 newspapers nationwide. , James James, person in the Bible James, in the Gospel of St. Luke, kinsman of St. Jude. The original does not specify the relationship. James, rivers, United States James. Stahl, and Steve v. t. 1. To pack or stow, as cargo in a ship's hold. See Steeve. Wente Wente may refer to:
LITERATURE CITED CITED Copyright in Transmitted Electronic Documents CITEd Center for Implementing Technology in Education Diaz-Ramos, S., D.L. Stevens Stevens, family of U.S. inventors. John Stevens, 1749–1838, b. New York City, was graduated from King's College (now Columbia Univ.) in 1768. , Jr. & A.R. Olsen Olsen may refer to:
Gammon, J.R. & T.P. Simon. 2000. Variation in a great river index of biotic integrity over a 20-year period. Hydrobiologia 422/423:291-304. Gerking, S.D. 1955. Key to the fishes of Indiana. Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams 4: 49-86. Hughes, R.M., J.N. Rinne & B. Calamusso. 2005. Historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas A·mer·i·cas , the See America. . American American, river, 30 mi (48 km) long, rising in N central Calif. in the Sierra Nevada and flowing SW into the Sacramento River at Sacramento. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of Fisheries fisheries. From earliest times and in practically all countries, fisheries have been of industrial and commercial importance. In the large N Atlantic fishing grounds off Newfoundland and Labrador, for example, European and North American fishing fleets have long Society Symposium symposium In ancient Greece, an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry. It began as a warrior feast. Rooms were designed specifically for the proceedings. 45. Bethesda, Maryland Bethesda is an urbanized, but unincorporated, area in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, just Northwest of Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a church located there, the Bethesda Presbyterian Church, built in 1820 and rebuilt in 1850, which in turn took its name from . IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006a. Title 327 of the Indiana Administrative Code, Indiana Environmental Rules: Water, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indianapolis, Indiana “Indianapolis” redirects here. For other uses, see Indianapolis (disambiguation). Indianapolis (IPA: [ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs]) is the capital city of the U.S. . http://www.in.gov/legislative/iac/iac_title?iact=327 IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006b. Indiana Integrated Water Monitoring and Assessment Report 2006. B-001-OWQ-A-00-06-R3. (Jody Arthur Arthur, king of Britain: see Arthurian legend. Arthur king and hero of Scotland, Wales, and England. [Arthurian Legend: Parrinder, 28] See : Heroism , ed.). Office of Water Quality, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indianapolis, Indiana, http://www.in.gov/idem/programs/water/305b/index.html Karr, J.R. & D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological ecological emanating from or pertaining to ecology. ecological biome see biome. ecological climax the state of balance in an ecosystem when its inhabitants have established their permanent relationships with each perspective on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-68. Karr, J.R., L.A. Toth & D.R. Dudley. 1985. Fish communities of midwestern rivers: A history of degradation DEGRADATION, punishment, ecclesiastical law. A censure by which a clergy man is deprived of his holy orders, which he had as a priest or deacon. . BioScience bioscience /bio·sci·ence/ (-si´ens) the study of biology wherein all the applicable sciences (physics, chemistry, etc.) are applied. bi·o·sci·ence n. See life science. 35:90-95. Karr, J.R., K.D. Fausch, P.L. Angermeier, P.R. Yant & I.J. Schlosser. 1986. Assessing Biological Integrity in Running Waters, a Method and its Rational. Illinois Illinois, river, United States Illinois, river, 273 mi (439 km) long, formed by the confluence of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers, NE Ill., and flowing SW to the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill. It is an important commercial and recreational waterway. Natural History Survey, Special Publication 5. Messer, J.J., R.A. Linthurst & W.S. Overton. 1991. An EPA program for monitoring ecological status and trends. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 17:67-78. Morris, C.C., T.P. Simon & S.A. Newhouse. 2006. A local-scale in situ In place. When something is "in situ," it is in its original location. approach for stressor identification for biologically impaired aquatic systems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology toxicology, study of poisons, or toxins, from the standpoint of detection, isolation, identification, and determination of their effects on the human body. Toxicology may be considered the branch of pharmacology devoted to the study of the poisonous effects of drugs. 50(3):325-334. Omernik, J.M. & A.L. Gallant. 1988. Ecoregions This is a list of ecoregions as compiled by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The WWF identifies terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecoregions. The terrestrial scheme divides the Earth's land surface into 8 terrestrial ecozones, containing 867 smaller ecoregions. of the upper midwest The Upper Midwest is a region of the United States with no universally agreed-upon boundary, but it almost always lies within the US Census Bureau's definition of the Midwest and includes the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, as well as at least the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. states. EPA/600/3-88/037. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ERL See URL. , Corvallis, Oregon. Poff, N.L., J.D. Allan, M.B. Bain, J.R. Karr, K.L. Prestegaard, B.D. Richter, R.E. Sparks Sparks, city (1990 pop. 53,367), Washoe co., W Nev., just E of Reno; inc. 1905. The Southern Pacific RR was the major employer until the dieselization of railroad engines forced the closing (1957) of the railroad shops there. & J.C. Stromberg. 1997. The natural flow regime: A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioScience 47:769-784. Simon, T.P. 1992. Biological criteria development for large rivers with an emphasis on an assessment of the White River drainage, Indiana. EPA 905/R-92/006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, Illinois. Simon, T.P. 2006. Evaluation and assessment of fish assemblages near electric generating facilities: with emphasis on review of discharge submitted data, development of standard operating procedures standard operating procedure Medtalk A technique, method or therapy performed 'by the book,' using a standard protocol meeting internally or externally defined criteria; a formal, written procedure that describes how specific lab operations are to be performed. , and traveling zone assessment. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program and Division of Ecological Services, Bloomington, Indiana. Simon, T.P. 2006. Development, calibration calibration /cal·i·bra·tion/ (kal?i-bra´shun) determination of the accuracy of an instrument, usually by measurement of its variation from a standard, to ascertain necessary correction factors. , and validation See validate. validation - The stage in the software life-cycle at the end of the development process where software is evaluated to ensure that it complies with the requirements. of an Index of Biotic Integrity for the Wabash River. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 115:170-186. Simon, T.P. & R.L. Dufour. 1998. Development of an Index of Biotic Integrity expectations for the ecoregions of Indiana. V. Eastern Corn Belt Plain. EPA 905-R-96-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, Illinois. Simon, T.P. & J.R. Stahl. 1998. Development of an Index of Biotic Integrity expectations for the Wabash River. EPA 905/R-96/006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Division, Chicago, Illinois. Simon, T.P., J.O. Whitaker, Jr., J.S. Castrale & S.A. Minton. 2002. Revised checklist of the vertebrates of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 111(2):182-214. Smith, P.W. 1973. The Fishes of Illinois. University of Illinois Press The University of Illinois Press (UIP), is a major American university press and part of the University of Illinois. Overview According to the UIP's website: , Champaign, Illinois “Champaign” redirects here. For topics with similar names, see Champagne. Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, in the United States. As reported in the 2000 U.S. Census, the city was home to 67,518 people. . 314 pp. Strahler, A.N. 1952. Dynamic basis of geomorphology geomorphology, study of the origin and evolution of the earth's landforms, both on the continents and within the ocean basins. It is concerned with the internal geologic processes of the earth's crust, such as tectonic activity and volcanism that constructs new . Geological Society of America The Geological Society of America (or GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences. The society was founded in New York in 1888 by James Hall, James D. Bulletin 63:923-938. Trautman, M.B. 1981. The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press The Ohio State University Press, founded in 1957, is a university press and a part of The Ohio State University. External links
The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio Columbus is the capital and the largest city of the American state of Ohio. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. . 782 pp. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Environmental monitoring and assessment program, surface waters and Region 3 regional environmental monitoring and assessment program, 1994 pilot field operations and methods manuals for streams. EPA/620/R-94/004. (Donald J. Klemm and James M. Lazorchak, eds.). Bioassessment and Ecotoxicology The term ecotoxicology was coined by Truhaut in 1969, who defined it as "the branch of toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects, caused by natural or synthetic pollutants, to the constituents of ecosystems, animal (including human), vegetable and microbial, in an Branch, Ecological Monitoring Research Division, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio “Cincinnati” redirects here. For other uses, see Cincinnati (disambiguation). Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. . USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1994. Report of the Interagency in·ter·a·gen·cy adj. Involving or representing two or more agencies, especially government agencies. Biological Methods Workshop. Open-file report 94-490. (Martin E. Gurtz and Thomas (language) Thomas - A language compatible with the language Dylan(TM). Thomas is NOT Dylan(TM). The first public release of a translator to Scheme by Matt Birkholz, Jim Miller, and Ron Weiss, written at Digital Equipment Corporation's Cambridge Research Laboratory runs A. Muir, eds.). U.S. Geological Survey, Raleigh, North Carolina For other uses of this name, see Raleigh. Raleigh (IPA: /ˈrɑli/, ral-ee) is the capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County. . Manuscript manuscript, a handwritten work as distinguished from printing. The oldest manuscripts, those found in Egyptian tombs, were written on papyrus; the earliest dates from c.3500 B.C. received 28 August 2006, revised 17 October 2006. Stacey L. Sobat, Charles C. Morris, and Alison K. Stephan: Biological Studies Section, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 USA Thomas P. Simon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 620 S. Walker Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47403 USA
Table 1.--Total IBI score, integrity class and
attributes to define the fish assemblage characteristics
in Indiana streams and rivers (modified from Karr
et al. 1986).
Total IBI Integrity Attributes
score class
53-60 Excellent Comparable to "least
impacted" conditions,
exceptional assemblage
of species.
45-52 Good Decreased species richness
(intolerant species in
particular), sensitive
species present.
35-44 Fair Intolerant and sensitive
species absent, skewed
trophic structure.
23-34 Poor Top carnivores and many
expected species absent
or rare, omnivores and
tolerant species dominant.
12-22 Very poor Few species and individuals
present, tolerant species
dominant, diseased fish
frequent.
<12 No fish No fish captured during
sampling.
Table 2.--Checklist of fish species collected from the three hydrologic
units including the Wabash River, West Fork White River, and East Fork
White River from three study periods (1990-2004).
Wabash River
Family, species, common name 90-95 96-99 01-04
Petromyzontidae
Ichthyomyzon castaneus,
chestnut lamprey 1 1
I. fossor, northern brook lamprey 4
I. unicuspis, silver lamprey 3
Lampetra aepyptera,
least brook lamprey
L. appendix, American brook lamprey 2 1
Acipenseridae
Scaphirhynchus platorynchus,
shovelnose sturgeon 4 1 4
Polyodontidae
Polyodon spathula, paddlefish 26
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus oculatus, spotted gar
L. osseus, longnose gar 138 12 2
L. platostomus, shortnose gar 159 15 63
Amiidae
Amia calva, bowfin 7 4 3
Hiodontidae
Hiodon alosoides, goldeye 18
H. tergisus, mooneye 16
Anguillidae
Anguilla rostrata, American eel
Clupeidae
Alosa chrysochloris, skipjack herring
Dorosoma cepedianum, gizzard shad 3648 267 319
D. petenense, threadfin shad 6 5
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum,
central stoneroller 6715 2166 1136
C. oligolepis, largescale stoneroller 17 130 92
Carassius auratus, goldfish
Ctenopharyngodon idella, grass carp 2
Cyprinella lutrensis, red shiner 11
C. spiloptera, spotfin shiner 2018 2328 418
C. whipplei, steelcolor shiner 512 119 93
Cyprinus carpio, common carp 630 200 270
Ericymba buccata, silverjaw minnow 840 360 646
Erimystax dissimilis, streamline chub 3
E. x-punctatus, gravel chub 3
Hybognathus hayi, cypress minnow 11
H. nuchalis, Mississippi
silvery minnow 803 82 76
Hybopsis amblops, bigeye chub 39 295 170
H. amnis, pallid shiner 3
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,
silver carp 4
Luxilus chrysocephalus, striped shiner 900 216 301
L. cornutus, common shiner 6 3
Lythrurus fumeus, ribbon shiner 9 6
L. umbratilis, redfin shiner 196 26 126
Macrhybopsis hyostoma, shoal chub 20 1
M. storeriana, silver chub 168 5 2
Nocomis biguttatus, hornyhead chub 62 35 90
N. micropogon,river chub 317 143 80
Notemigonus crysoleucus, golden shiner 74 9
Notropis ariommus, popeye shiner
N. atherinoides, emerald shiner 862 666 114
N. blennius, river shiner 242 1625 20
N. boops, bigeye shiner 6 1
N. buchanani, ghost shiner 3
N. heterodon, blackchin shiner 1
N. heterolepis, blacknose shiner 1
N. ludibundus, sand shiner 677 576 574
N. photogenis, silver shiner 1 1
N. rubellus, rosyface shiner 15 61 98
N. shumardi, silverband shiner 49 81
N. volucellus, mimic shiner 14 1 259
N. wickliffi, channel shiner 91 1 13
Opsopoeodus emiliare, pugnose minnow
Phenacobius mirabilis,
suckermouth minnow 702 157 65
Phoxinus eythrogaster,
southern redbelly dace 177 59 37
Pimephales notatus, bluntnose minnow 5063 2644 2448
P. promelas, fathead minnow 106 5 36
P. vigilax, bullhead minnow 364 422 100
Rhinichthys atratulus,
western blacknose dace 2587 1061 575
Semotilus atromaculatus, creek chub 6177 2247 1899
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio, river carpsucker 490 214 127
C. cyprinus, quillback 62 6 15
C. velifer, highfin carpsucker 16 11
Catostomus catostomus, longnose sucker 3
C. commersoni, white sucker 2441 194 298
Cycleptus elongatus, blue sucker 85 14 29
Erimyzon oblongus, creek chubsucker 139 29 46
Hypentilium nigricans,
northern hogsucker 990 370 242
Ictiobus bubalus, smallmouth buffalo 40 2 11
I. cyprinellus, bi-mouth buffalo 21 4 9
I. niger, black buffalo 7 14
Minytrema melanops, spotted sucker 86 37 31
Moxostoma anisurum, silver redhorse 45 26 12
M. carinatum, river redhorse 5 2 4
M. duquesnei, black redhorse 145 127 216
M. erythrurum, golden redhorse 234 85 310
M. macrolepidotum, shorthead redhorse 120 14 51
M. valenciennesi, greater redhorse 1
Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas, black bullhead 22 1 9
A. natalis, yellow bullhead 238 126 128
A. nebulosus, brown bullhead 4 1 2
Ictalurus furcatus, blue catfish 24
I. punctatus, channel catfish 605 83 126
Noturus eleutherus, mountain madtom 1 1
N. flavus, stonecat 47 70 16
N. gyrinus, tadpole madtom 24 9 3
N. miurus, brindled madtom 7 9 20
N. nocturnus, freckled madtom 4 4
Pylodictus olivaris, flathead catfish 81 41 21
Esocidae
Esox americanus, grass pickerel 82 27 52
E. lucius, northern pike
E. lucius x masquinongy, tiger muskie 2
Umbridae
Umbra limi, central mudminnow 75 9 193
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout
Aphredoderidae
Aphredoderus sayanus, pirate perch 21 95 6
Fundulidae
Fundulus catenatus, northern studfish
F. dispar, starhead topminnow
F. notatus, blackstripe topminnow 148 148 97
F. olivaceus, blackspotted topminnow 10
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis, western mosquitofish 117 28 13
Atherinidae
Labidesthes sicculus, brook silverside 54 3 9
Cottidae
Cottus bairdi, mottled sculpin 1411 838 167
C. carolinae, banded sculpin 27
Moronidae
Morone chrysops, white bass 45 1 10
M. chrysops x saxatilis, wiper 11
M. mississippiensis, yellow bass 6 2 2
M. saxatilis, striped bass
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris, rock bass 260 276 223
Centrarchus macropterus, flier
Lepomis cyanellus, green sunfish 1312 765 517
L. gibbosus, pumpkinseed 6 25
L. gulosus, warmouth 17 11 8
L. humilis, orangespotted sunfish 121 64 41
L. macrochirus, bluegill 495 513 254
L. megalotis, longear sunfish 1872 1473 1293
L. microlophus, redear sunfish 27 10 8
L. punctatus, spotted sunfish 8
Micropterus dolomieu, smallmouth bass 176 60 116
M. punctulatus, spotted bass 188 150 123
M. salmoides, largemouth bass 48 48 12
Pomoxis annularis, white crappie 120 6 9
P. nigromaculatus, black crappie 10 18 13
Percidae
Ammocrypta clara, western sand darter
A. pellucida, eastern sand darter 1
Etheostoma asprigene, mud darter 5 12
E. blennioides, greenside darter 938 718 391
E. caeruleum, rainbow darter 1108 462 488
E. camurum, bluebreast darter 8 10 13
E. chlorosomum, bluntnose darter 5
E. flabellare, fantail darter 467 155 153
E. gracile, slough darter 9 9 7
E. histrio, harlequin darter
E. microperca, least darter 1 2 4
E. nigrum, johnny darter 1608 417 518
E. spectabile, orangethroat darter 912 283 287
E. squamiceps, spottail darter 3 12
E. zonale, banded darter 4
Perca flavescens, yellow perch 13 8
Percina caprodes, logperch 143 59 36
P. evides, gilt darter 1 2
P. maculata, blackside darter 33 43 11
P. phoxocephala, slenderhead darter 92 28 10
P.sciera, dusky darter 41 115 58
P. shumardi, river darter 8
Sander canadense,sauger 22 2 7
S. vitreum, walleye 8 3 3
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens, freshwater drum 578 182 164
West Fork White River
Family, species, common name 90-95 96-99 01-04
Petromyzontidae
Ichthyomyzon castaneus,
chestnut lamprey 2
I. fossor, northern brook lamprey
I. unicuspis, silver lamprey 3 4
Lampetra aepyptera,
least brook lamprey 1
L. appendix, American brook lamprey 2 3
Acipenseridae
Scaphirhynchus platorynchus,
shovelnose sturgeon
Polyodontidae
Polyodon spathula, paddlefish
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus oculatus, spotted gar 7
L. osseus, longnose gar 56
L. platostomus, shortnose gar 30 3
Amiidae
Amia calva, bowfin 3 1
Hiodontidae
Hiodon alosoides, goldeye
H. tergisus, mooneye
Anguillidae
Anguilla rostrata, American eel
Clupeidae
Alosa chrysochloris, skipjack herring 3
Dorosoma cepedianum, gizzard shad 1276 16 27
D. petenense, threadfin shad 9
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum,
central stoneroller 4744 551 1021
C. oligolepis, largescale stoneroller 191
Carassius auratus, goldfish 96 1
Ctenopharyngodon idella, grass carp
Cyprinella lutrensis, red shiner 3
C. spiloptera, spotfin shiner 13,822 258 262
C. whipplei, steelcolor shiner 208 20
Cyprinus carpio, common carp 221 36 100
Ericymba buccata, silverjaw minnow 1069 147 120
Erimystax dissimilis, streamline chub
E. x-punctatus, gravel chub
Hybognathus hayi, cypress minnow
H. nuchalis, Mississippi
silvery minnow 55 12
Hybopsis amblops, bigeye chub 39
H. amnis, pallid shiner
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,
silver carp
Luxilus chrysocephalus, striped shiner 762 116 47
L. cornutus, common shiner
Lythrurus fumeus, ribbon shiner 3 2
L. umbratilis, redfin shiner 137 87 3
Macrhybopsis hyostoma, shoal chub 1
M. storeriana, silver chub 4 2
Nocomis biguttatus, hornyhead chub 32 4
N. micropogon,river chub 8 4
Notemigonus crysoleucus, golden shiner 106 5
Notropis ariommus, popeye shiner 132
N. atherinoides, emerald shiner 48 18 22
N. blennius, river shiner 20
N. boops, bigeye shiner 1 7
N. buchanani, ghost shiner 3
N. heterodon, blackchin shiner
N. heterolepis, blacknose shiner
N. ludibundus, sand shiner 891 76 86
N. photogenis, silver shiner 11 9 24
N. rubellus, rosyface shiner 61 9 2
N. shumardi, silverband shiner 186
N. volucellus, mimic shiner 29 3
N. wickliffi, channel shiner 2
Opsopoeodus emiliare, pugnose minnow 1
Phenacobius mirabilis,
suckermouth minnow 477 49 11
Phoxinus eythrogaster,
southern redbelly dace 70 38
Pimephales notatus, bluntnose minnow 3404 1268 393
P. promelas, fathead minnow 23 2 17
P. vigilax, bullhead minnow 2409 29 71
Rhinichthys atratulus,
western blacknose dace 489 131 388
Semotilus atromaculatus, creek chub 2482 582 968
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio, river carpsucker 76 1 34
C. cyprinus, quillback 214 9
C. velifer, highfin carpsucker 8 1
Catostomus catostomus, longnose sucker
C. commersoni, white sucker 1099 282 347
Cycleptus elongatus, blue sucker
Erimyzon oblongus, creek chubsucker 16 32 9
Hypentilium nigricans,
northern hogsucker 600 192 101
Ictiobus bubalus, smallmouth buffalo 99 2
I. cyprinellus, bi-mouth buffalo 2
I. niger, black buffalo
Minytrema melanops, spotted sucker 59 17 9
Moxostoma anisurum, silver redhorse 27
M. carinatum, river redhorse 1
M. duquesnei, black redhorse 182 31 135
M. erythrurum, golden redhorse 248 60 136
M. macrolepidotum, shorthead redhorse 20 5
M. valenciennesi, greater redhorse
Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas, black bullhead 6 5 4
A. natalis, yellow bullhead 161 36 63
A. nebulosus, brown bullhead 6 1
Ictalurus furcatus, blue catfish
I. punctatus, channel catfish 164 1 9
Noturus eleutherus, mountain madtom 36 1
N. flavus, stonecat 16 17
N. gyrinus, tadpole madtom 2 1 3
N. miurus, brindled madtom 6 3 12
N. nocturnus, freckled madtom 3
Pylodictus olivaris, flathead catfish 36 11
Esocidae
Esox americanus, grass pickerel 22 9 29
E. lucius, northern pike 1
E. lucius x masquinongy, tiger muskie
Umbridae
Umbra limi, central mudminnow
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout
Aphredoderidae
Aphredoderus sayanus, pirate perch 1 1
Fundulidae
Fundulus catenatus, northern studfish
F. dispar, starhead topminnow 3
F. notatus, blackstripe topminnow 171 103 115
F. olivaceus, blackspotted topminnow
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis, western mosquitofish 23 31 207
Atherinidae
Labidesthes sicculus, brook silverside 103 3 3
Cottidae
Cottus bairdi, mottled sculpin 1003 237 238
C. carolinae, banded sculpin 15 16
Moronidae
Morone chrysops, white bass 13
M. chrysops x saxatilis, wiper
M. mississippiensis, yellow bass 11 7
M. saxatilis, striped bass 3
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris, rock bass 162 107 41
Centrarchus macropterus, flier
Lepomis cyanellus, green sunfish 1000 343 338
L. gibbosus, pumpkinseed 2
L. gulosus, warmouth 8
L. humilis, orangespotted sunfish 85 2 9
L. macrochirus, bluegill 897 130 633
L. megalotis, longear sunfish 2017 674 395
L. microlophus, redear sunfish 32 1
L. punctatus, spotted sunfish 6
Micropterus dolomieu, smallmouth bass 145 101 67
M. punctulatus, spotted bass 250 71 67
M. salmoides, largemouth bass 179 11 47
Pomoxis annularis, white crappie 20 4
P. nigromaculatus, black crappie 14 4
Percidae
Ammocrypta clara, western sand darter 1
A. pellucida, eastern sand darter
Etheostoma asprigene, mud darter 19 1
E. blennioides, greenside darter 417 168 138
E. caeruleum, rainbow darter 809 106 444
E. camurum, bluebreast darter
E. chlorosomum, bluntnose darter
E. flabellare, fantail darter 98 18 118
E. gracile, slough darter 5 1 1
E. histrio, harlequin darter
E. microperca, least darter
E. nigrum, johnny darter 641 132 595
E. spectabile, orangethroat darter 646 137 632
E. squamiceps, spottail darter 1
E. zonale, banded darter
Perca flavescens, yellow perch
Percina caprodes, logperch 44 11 21
P. evides, gilt darter
P. maculata, blackside darter 35 17 21
P. phoxocephala, slenderhead darter 14 6
P.sciera, dusky darter 19 11 59
P. shumardi, river darter
Sander canadense,sauger 2
S. vitreum, walleye
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens, freshwater drum 464 6
East Fork White River
Family, species, common name 90-95 96-99 01-04
Petromyzontidae
Ichthyomyzon castaneus,
chestnut lamprey 1 1 4
I. fossor, northern brook lamprey
I. unicuspis, silver lamprey 3 3
Lampetra aepyptera,
least brook lamprey 1
L. appendix, American brook lamprey 1 1
Acipenseridae
Scaphirhynchus platorynchus,
shovelnose sturgeon
Polyodontidae
Polyodon spathula, paddlefish
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus oculatus, spotted gar 3
L. osseus, longnose gar 13 1 6
L. platostomus, shortnose gar 2 5 4
Amiidae
Amia calva, bowfin 3 1 1
Hiodontidae
Hiodon alosoides, goldeye
H. tergisus, mooneye 1
Anguillidae
Anguilla rostrata, American eel 1
Clupeidae
Alosa chrysochloris, skipjack herring 1
Dorosoma cepedianum, gizzard shad 393 60 364
D. petenense, threadfin shad 1
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum,
central stoneroller 2443 809 2425
C. oligolepis, largescale stoneroller
Carassius auratus, goldfish
Ctenopharyngodon idella, grass carp
Cyprinella lutrensis, red shiner
C. spiloptera, spotfin shiner 3939 291 872
C. whipplei, steelcolor shiner 20 202 74
Cyprinus carpio, common carp 65 9 74
Ericymba buccata, silverjaw minnow 187 305 60
Erimystax dissimilis, streamline chub 5 14
E. x-punctatus, gravel chub
Hybognathus hayi, cypress minnow
H. nuchalis, Mississippi
silvery minnow 4 192 22
Hybopsis amblops, bigeye chub 161 39 303
H. amnis, pallid shiner 2
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,
silver carp
Luxilus chrysocephalus, striped shiner 849 68 587
L. cornutus, common shiner 2
Lythrurus fumeus, ribbon shiner
L. umbratilis, redfin shiner 125 62 70
Macrhybopsis hyostoma, shoal chub
M. storeriana, silver chub 3
Nocomis biguttatus, hornyhead chub 14 5 41
N. micropogon,river chub 11 44
Notemigonus crysoleucus, golden shiner 26 3 2
Notropis ariommus, popeye shiner
N. atherinoides, emerald shiner 91 37 42
N. blennius, river shiner
N. boops, bigeye shiner 14 11 2
N. buchanani, ghost shiner 1
N. heterodon, blackchin shiner
N. heterolepis, blacknose shiner
N. ludibundus, sand shiner 140 17 280
N. photogenis, silver shiner 6 35
N. rubellus, rosyface shiner 48 18 44
N. shumardi, silverband shiner 2 7
N. volucellus, mimic shiner 7 25 12
N. wickliffi, channel shiner
Opsopoeodus emiliare, pugnose minnow 12 4
Phenacobius mirabilis,
suckermouth minnow 165 39 26
Phoxinus eythrogaster,
southern redbelly dace 179 76
Pimephales notatus, bluntnose minnow 1847 1009 802
P. promelas, fathead minnow 3
P. vigilax, bullhead minnow 1023 59 331
Rhinichthys atratulus,
western blacknose dace 556 79 98
Semotilus atromaculatus, creek chub 1650 650 840
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio, river carpsucker 31 3 37
C. cyprinus, quillback 10 1 1
C. velifer, highfin carpsucker 5 1
Catostomus catostomus, longnose sucker
C. commersoni, white sucker 516 59 270
Cycleptus elongatus, blue sucker 7
Erimyzon oblongus, creek chubsucker 48 25 18
Hypentilium nigricans,
northern hogsucker 397 27 453
Ictiobus bubalus, smallmouth buffalo 4 3 27
I. cyprinellus, bi-mouth buffalo 2 2 6
I. niger, black buffalo 2
Minytrema melanops, spotted sucker 73 2 32
Moxostoma anisurum, silver redhorse 14 3 17
M. carinatum, river redhorse 3 1 25
M. duquesnei, black redhorse 67 27 393
M. erythrurum, golden redhorse 173 58 491
M. macrolepidotum, shorthead redhorse 30 12 39
M. valenciennesi, greater redhorse
Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas, black bullhead 2 5
A. natalis, yellow bullhead 102 61 48
A. nebulosus, brown bullhead 3 2
Ictalurus furcatus, blue catfish 13
I. punctatus, channel catfish 156 12 132
Noturus eleutherus, mountain madtom 5
N. flavus, stonecat 7 12
N. gyrinus, tadpole madtom 3
N. miurus, brindled madtom 4 30 25
N. nocturnus, freckled madtom
Pylodictus olivaris, flathead catfish 15 11 43
Esocidae
Esox americanus, grass pickerel 7 12 39
E. lucius, northern pike
E. lucius x masquinongy, tiger muskie
Umbridae
Umbra limi, central mudminnow 1 1 1
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout 1
Aphredoderidae
Aphredoderus sayanus, pirate perch 4 15 12
Fundulidae
Fundulus catenatus, northern studfish 1 6 8
F. dispar, starhead topminnow
F. notatus, blackstripe topminnow 104 46 10
F. olivaceus, blackspotted topminnow 18
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis, western mosquitofish 1 33
Atherinidae
Labidesthes sicculus, brook silverside 72 16
Cottidae
Cottus bairdi, mottled sculpin 312 31 118
C. carolinae, banded sculpin
Moronidae
Morone chrysops, white bass 1
M. chrysops x saxatilis, wiper
M. mississippiensis, yellow bass
M. saxatilis, striped bass
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris, rock bass 100 71 203
Centrarchus macropterus, flier 1
Lepomis cyanellus, green sunfish 527 201 243
L. gibbosus, pumpkinseed 8
L. gulosus, warmouth 22 3 30
L. humilis, orangespotted sunfish 1 1
L. macrochirus, bluegill 711 253 692
L. megalotis, longear sunfish 1427 629 1407
L. microlophus, redear sunfish 7 1 17
L. punctatus, spotted sunfish 4
Micropterus dolomieu, smallmouth bass 78 13 200
M. punctulatus, spotted bass 400 115 227
M. salmoides, largemouth bass 64 24 27
Pomoxis annularis, white crappie 9 5 34
P. nigromaculatus, black crappie 1 6 29
Percidae
Ammocrypta clara, western sand darter 8
A. pellucida, eastern sand darter 1 5
Etheostoma asprigene, mud darter 28 21
E. blennioides, greenside darter 438 276 554
E. caeruleum, rainbow darter 207 82 380
E. camurum, bluebreast darter
E. chlorosomum, bluntnose darter
E. flabellare, fantail darter 196 171 57
E. gracile, slough darter 1
E. histrio, harlequin darter 16 8
E. microperca, least darter 11 13
E. nigrum, johnny darter 425 191 328
E. spectabile, orangethroat darter 253 411 138
E. squamiceps, spottail darter
E. zonale, banded darter
Perca flavescens, yellow perch
Percina caprodes, logperch 27 11 72
P. evides, gilt darter
P. maculata, blackside darter 42 18 35
P. phoxocephala, slenderhead darter 4 11 29
P.sciera, dusky darter 58 18 111
P. shumardi, river darter 4
Sander canadense,sauger 1 2 5
S. vitreum, walleye
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens, freshwater drum 14 12 40
Table 3.--Probability estimates of condition +/- 95% confidence
interval for three hydrologic units in the Wabash River drainage
in Indiana (CI = confidence interval, n = number of sites).
Wabash and tributaries
1st cycle 2nd cycle
(1996-1999) (2001-2004)
Integrity class 95% CI n 95% CI n
Excellent 1% [+ or -] 1 2 2% [+ or -] 2 2
Good 10% [+ or -] 6 13 14% [+ or -] 7 17
Fair 46% [+ or -] 11 37 35% [+ or -] 11 27
Poor 35% [+ or -] 11 30 37% [+ or -] 12 23
Very poor 8% [+ or -] 7 5 12% [+ or -] 8 6
East Fork White River
1st cycle 2nd cycle
(1996-1999) (2001-2004)
Integrity class 95% CI n 95% CI n
Excellent 1% [+ or -] 1 1 22% [+ or -] 8 11
Good 9% [+ or -] 7 5 20% [+ or -] 12 8
Fair 30% [+ or -] 15 10 37% [+ or -] 16 12
Poor 53% [+ or -] 16 14 19% [+ or -] 14 6
Very poor 7% [+ or -] 9 2 2% [+ or -] 3 1
West Fork White River and Lower White River
1st cycle 2nd cycle
(1996-1999) (2001-2004)
Integrity class 95% CI n 95% CI n
Excellent 0% 0 6% [+ or -] 8 2
Good 12% [+ or -] 10 6 15% [+ or -] 10 7
Fair 35% [+ or -] 15 12 54% [+ or -] 17 18
Poor 48% [+ or -] 17 12 8% [+ or -] 7 4
Very poor 5% [+ or -] 8 1 17% [+ or -] 12 5
Wabash and tributaries
Combined
Integrity class 95% CI n
Excellent 1% [+ or -] 1 4
Good 13% [+ or -] 5 30
Fair 39% [+ or -] 8 64
Poor 36% [+ or -] 8 53
Very poor 11% [+ or -] 6 11
East Fork White River
Combined
Integrity class 95% CI n
Excellent 17% [+ or -] 10 12
Good 16% [+ or -] 7 13
Fair 43% [+ or -] 12 22
Poor 22% [+ or -] 7 20
Very poor 2% [+ or -] 2 3
West Fork White River
and Lower White River
Combined
Integrity class 95% CI n
Excellent 3% [+ or -] 4 2
Good 14% [+ or -] 7 13
Fair 45% [+ or -] 12 30
Poor 27% [+ or -] 11 16
Very poor 11% [+ or -] 7 6
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