Centers Programs.The NIEHS NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH, DHHS) has created several specialized centers programs to support research in high-priority areas that could benefit from formal coordination and integration of the efforts of individual investigators. These programs incorporate multidisciplinary approaches, significant involvement of affected community members and advocates, and rapid dissemination of research findings to the public, with the overarching goal of accelerating the translation of findings into prevention and intervention strategies to improve public health. Collaborative Centers for Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism, degenerative brain disorder first described by the English surgeon James Parkinson in 1817. When there is no known cause, the disease usually appears after age 40 and is referred to as Parkinson's disease. Environmental Research In response to the accumulating evidence for significant environmental influences in Parkinson's disease, the NIEHS launched the Collaborative Centers for Parkinson's Disease Environmental Research program in September 2002. Integrative collaboration among geneticists This is a list of people who have made notable contributions to genetics. The growth and development of genetics represents the work of many people. This list of geneticists is therefore by no means complete. Contributors of great distinction to genetics are not yet on the list. , clinicians, epidemiologists, and basic laboratory scientists is a key feature of this program. These centers will explore a number of key hypotheses related to environmental and genetic risk and protective factors for Parkinson's disease. One common focus is the interaction of pesticides with cellular mechanisms involved in protein degradation, oxidative stress oxidative stress, n an imbalance of the prooxidant antioxidant ratio in which too few antioxidants are produced or ingested or too many oxidizing agents are produced. , membrane transport, and regulation of endogenous dopamine dopamine (dōp`əmēn), one of the intermediate substances in the biosynthesis of epinephrine and norepinephrine. See catecholamine. dopamine One of the catecholamines, widely distributed in the central nervous system. levels. For more information | http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/news/parkin.htm Contact | Cindy Lawler, PhD, e-mail: lawler@niehs.nih.gov Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities The NIEHS, in partnership with the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Aging The National Institute on Aging is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland. Formed in 1974, NIA's mission is to improve the health and well-being of older Americans through research. It is the primary U.S. , and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, announced the creation of eight Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities in September 2003. These centers will support transdisciplinary research to examine how the social and physical environment, behavioral factors, and biologic pathways interact to determine health and disease in populations. Investigators will include community-based research approaches, with studies focusing on diverse topics such as obesity, cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease Disease that affects the heart and blood vessels. Mentioned in: Lipoproteins Test cardiovascular disease , breast cancer, and mental health. Populations participating in the projects include African Americans, Hispanics, low-income whites, and the elderly. For more information | http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/news/8phctrs.htm Contact | Frederick L. Tyson, PhD, e-mail: tyson2@niehs.nih.gov Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers network was created in September 2003 by the NIEHS, with cofunding by the National Cancer Institute, to support multidisciplinary teams of scientists, clinicians, and breast cancer advocates to focus on how chemical, physical, and social factors in the environment interact with genetic factors to affect mammary gland mammary gland, organ of the female mammal that produces and secretes milk for the nourishment of the young. A mammal may have from 1 to 11 pairs of mammary glands, depending on the species. Generally, those mammals that bear larger litters have more glands. development. The centers will conduct a coordinated epidemiologic study of the determinants of puberty in girls and will support efforts to integrate scientific information on histologic, pathologic, cellular, and subcellular sub·cel·lu·lar adj. 1. Situated or occurring within a cell: subcellular organelles. 2. Smaller in size than ordinary cells: subcellular organisms. 3. changes that occur in normal mammary gland tissue across a woman's life span and compare this to exposure-induced changes. For more information | http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/news/4brcent.htm Contact | Les Reinlib, PhD, e-mail: reinlib@niehs.nih.gov |
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