Caroline and chums.Readers may notice the new official name of the town in which I live, the change taking place in 2003, 100 years after the founding of the world's first Garden City (I formerly lived outside the world's second, Welwyn Garden City Welwyn Garden City (wĕl`ĭn), city (1991 pop. 40,665), Hertfordshire, E central England. It is a garden city, founded by Ebenezer Howard in 1920. Its industries produce a variety of products, including radio and television sets. : both were founded by Enenezer Howard). In the May 2003 issue of Word Ways (page 157), Darryl Francis asks repeatedly why readers have not pointed out deficiencies in his past permutations of four sets of letters. The reasons may be summarised as time, priorities compared with other work on words, and a wish not to discourage or implicitly disparage dis·par·age tr.v. dis·par·aged, dis·par·ag·ing, dis·par·ag·es 1. To speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way; belittle. See Synonyms at decry. 2. To reduce in esteem or rank. . Anyway, here are additional permutations of the four letter groups he mentions. 1. CAROLINE (ACEILNOR): 13 words or phrases, augmented to 38. Originals: acrolein acrolein /acro·le·in/ (ak-ro´le-in) a volatile, highly toxic liquid, produced industrially and also one of the degradation products of cyclophosphamide. , arecolin, Caroline, Colerain, colinear co·lin·e·ar adj. 1. Containing elements that correspond to one another and that are arranged in the same linear sequence. 2. Collinear. co·lin , coraline (OED OED abbr. Oxford English Dictionary Noun 1. OED - an unabridged dictionary constructed on historical principles O.E.D., Oxford English Dictionary ), Cornelia, creolian, encorial, lonicera, Naclerio (London telephone directory 1967), oil crane (Web3), relacion. DF attributes all to Web2/3 or the Funk & Wagnall New Standard Dictionary (hereafter F&W NSD NSD Nairobi sheep disease. ), except where noted. I note that: Colerain is in the Columbia Gazeteer of North America (Bertie co., NE N.C.), and also a place in OED scout 8, 1750q; encorial is below the line in Web2; coraline is in the OED under coralline cor·al·line adj. 1. Of, consisting of, or producing coral. 2. Resembling coral, especially in color. n. 1. a. and n. 1 633q, and 4 1649q; Lonicera is a genus (OED); and Naclerio is more easily found nowadays in the US Census. The additions are: Crique Alicorne, French Guiana, 3[degrees]24, -53[degrees]19 La Caliorne, France, 47[degrees]59, -1[degrees]42 Colraine, OED leap 2b, 1780q (place) Creniola digitata californica, Ia Ercolani, US Census Serra de Leiranco, Portugal, 41[degrees]44, -7[degrees]40 Nerocila aculeata iris, Ia Norileca indica eximius, Ia bursa subcutanea olecrani, Dorland Orliance, OED stomach 1c, 1548q (Duke of) Renicola insubrica triarticulata, Ia Rio Celan, Honduras, 14[degrees]32, -87[degrees]50 Rocinela affinis capillatus, Ia Arcelino Brazil, -5[degrees]21, -55[degrees]48 Cerliano, Italy, 44[degrees]1, 11[degrees]22 Conilera marmoreus beddeci, Ia El Carino, Colombia, 5[degrees]37, -71[degrees]18 Ribeirao Lanceiro, Brazil, -21[degrees]45, -54[degrees]09 Lironeca bowmani eruca, Ia Nicolare, Mozambique, -17[degrees]07, 37[degrees]34 Olanceri, Nicaragua, 14[degrees]13, -83[degrees]31 Olencira, lamarckii longicaudus, Ia Relicano, Mexico, 26[degrees]53, -101[degrees]7 Renocila alkoo maculata, Ia Rio Lenca, Chile, -41[degrees]36, -72[degrees]39 2. NEUSTRIA: 18 words augmented to 35 Originals: Aretinus (Hyamson: A Dictionary of Universal Biography), asturine (F&W NSD), aurients (OED), austrine (Web2), instaure (Web2), Itureans (Web3), naturise (if naturize, why not-ise?), Neustria (formerly in NE France, in many dictionaries), Nuseirat (Gaza Strip, Times Index Gazeteer), neutrias (Web2), ruinates (Web3), sautrien (Web2), seriaunt (Web2), taurines (Web3), Tursenia (DFPF), unsatire (Web2), uranites (OED), urinates (Web3). I note: Aretinus is more readily available in Chambers (aka Arretinus of Arretium or Arezzo, under Aretinian), and also in the OED quote under Guidonian. You can avoid the initial capital of Neustria if you use the British moth Bombyx neustria, in the OED quote under lackey (for lackeymoth). moth) Nuseirat is at 31[degrees]26, 34[degees]23. The additions are: ansuerit, OED recounsel 3, 1578q asturien, OED astir Austiner, OED Nitaures Muiza, Latvia, 57[degrees]4, 25[degees]12 resiaunt, OED resiant seriuant, OED serviant Sterianu de Sus, Romania, 44[degrees]41, 25[degrees]51 Khirbat Suratein, West Bank, 32[degrees]12, 35[degrees]13 Tuneiras do Oeste, Brazil, -23[degrees]49, -52[degrees]55 crus anterius capsule internae, Dorland aturnies, OED leguleian, 163 lq Nisterau, Germany, 50[degrees]40, 7[degrees]59 Raustein, Germany, 48[degrees]12, 8[degrees]23 Rusnaite, Lithuania, 55[degrees] 19, 21[degrees]17 Pulau Seturian, Indonesia, -2[degrees] 17, 117[degrees]40 Stiauren, Norway, 66[degrees]18, 13[degrees]27 transiue, OED transive, both quotes! 3. AEILNORST: 17 words augmented to 25 His total count of 25 includes 6 from Borgmann, plus 11 other solids (which included a coinage), plus 8 manufactured phrases such as 'N.E. Ortalis', which I have omitted. Effectively, I offer a sourced word or phrase to replace each constructed phrase. Original capitalisation and sources: ALETORNIS (CD), ATELORNIS (CD), LAIRSTONE (Web3), LARSONITE (an inhabitant INHABITANT. One who has his domicil in a place is an inhabitant of that place; one who has an actual fixed residence in a place. 2. A mere intention to remove to a place will not make a man an inhabitant of such place, although as a sign of such intention he of Larson, N Dakota, coinage), LATNEIROS (plural, Dunkling: English House Names, The Name Society), LORENTIAS (plural of plant genus, DFPF), ORIENTALS (Borgmann), ORLEANIST (Borgmann), RELATIONS (Borgmann), ROTALINES (F&W NSD), SEROTINAL se·rot·i·nal adj. Serotinous. (Borgmann), TAILERONS (OED), TENSORIAL (Borgmann), TERNIOLAS (plural of plant genus, DFPF), TIROLEANS (Borgmann), TORNELIAS (plural of plant genus, DFPF), TRIOLENAS (plural of plant genus, DFPF). My revised capitalisation and sources: Aletornis (CD, a genus, Vol 1, p. 136); Atelornis (bird genus, OED ground 18b 1883q, or la); lairstone (Web3); Larsonite (a jasper from McDermott on sale from spherestoyou.com); Latneiro is track 5 on Coldcut's 1997 album "Stoned ... Chilled ... Grooved", but the preferable latneiro is a Persian word (www.persian-language.org/english/books/france/france1.htm); Lorentias; orientals (OED oriental, often capitalised); Orleanist (OED); relations (OED relation); rotalines (OED rotaline); serotinal (OED); tailerons (OED taileron); tensorial (OED tensor tensor, in mathematics, quantity that depends linearly on several vector variables and that varies covariantly with respect to some variables and contravariantly with respect to others when the coordinate axes are rotated (see Cartesian coordinates). ); Terniolas; Tiroleans (Web3, tyrolean); Tornelias; Triolenas. I am informed that biologists pluralise Verb 1. pluralise - mark with a grammatical morpheme that indicates plural; "How do speakers pluralize nouns in Japanese?" pluralize inflect - change the form of a word in accordance as required by the grammatical rules of the language genus names by unexpectedly adding-s to the above obviously feminine Latin nouns where one would anticipate eg Triolenae: that confirms all my prejudices about them! Additions: Izvorul Anestilor, Romania, 44[degrees]33, 22[degrees]51 Isla Norte, Chile, -54[degrees]54, -68[degrees]20 Oster Lina, Denmark, 56[degrees]13, 8[degrees]58 Rosentali, Estonia, 59[degrees]11, 26[degrees]38 iron-slate, OED in definition of itabirite Nitella furcata orentalis, Ip Roan Islet, UK, 57[degrees]42, -2[degrees]56 Tsilonera, Greece, 35[degrees]33, 24[degrees]4 4. BARCELONA: one permutation One possible combination of items out of a larger set of items. For example, with the set of numbers 1, 2 and 3, there are six possible permutations: 12, 21, 13, 31, 23 and 32. (mathematics) permutation - 1. augmented by a twin town DF gives coral bean in Web3, but the OED coral 9 gives the preferable coral-bean. We may add El Canbaro, Guatemala, 17[degrees]39, -89[degrees]40. Sources: CD = Century Dictionary, DFPF = Willis: A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns, Dorland = Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary; ITIS ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS International Trade Institute of Singapore ITIS Integrated Transport Information System ITIS International Tourism Institute ITIS International Trade Information Service ITIS Information Technology Insurance Specialists = Integrated Taxonomic Information System The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the U.S. of the USDA USDA, n.pr See United States Department of Agriculture. ; Ia = ITIS animal; Ip = ITIS plant; NIMA NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency (now National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; US government) NIMA never in mitosis gene a (molecular biology) NIMA North Idaho Mycological Association = National Imagery and Mapping Agency (USA, default source for place names, given as latitude N and longitude E in degrees and minutes); q = quote (citation). REX REX - The original name for Restructured EXtended eXecutor. GOOCH Letchworth Garden City, Herts, England rexgooch@ntlworld.com |
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