CGI--lighter, stronger engines (including diesels).Compacted graphite iron (CGI CGI in full Common Gateway Interface. Specification by which a Web server passes data between itself and an application program. Typically, a Web user will make a request of the Web server, which in turn passes the request to a CGI application program. ) has a number of characteristics that can make it an outstanding alternative to ductile iron Ductile iron, also called ductile cast iron or nodular cast iron, is a type of cast iron invented in 1943 by Keith Millis[1]. While most varieties of cast iron are brittle, ductile iron is much more ductile, as the name implies. or gray iron for engine applications. The material offers 75% increases in both strength and stiffness as compared with gray iron; it is twice as resistant to metal fatigue; and it has thermal and damping characteristics that fall about halfway between those of gray and ductile iron. What's more, there is an increase in both nodularity and tensile strength as wall section decreases. Several European manufacturers, including Audi, BMW BMW in full Bayerische Motoren Werke AG German automaker. Founded as an aircraft engine manufacturer in 1916, the company assumed the name Bayerische Motoren Werke and became known for its high-speed motorcycles in the 1920s. and Ford (with PSA (Professional Services Automation) An information system designed to organize, track and manage all opportunities, work, resources, costs, revenues and invoices to improve the productivity and efficiency of the workforce. ), are using CGI For engines, both diesel and gasoline. According to David C. Woodruff, process development engineer at machine tool manufacturer Makino (Mason, OH; www.makino.com), a difficulty associated with the implementation of CGI is specifically related to machining operations. While CGI has beneficial mechanical and physical properties, there are some issues related to machining it because compared, say, to machining cast iron, reduced cutting speeds can (predicated by the graphite content of the swarf swarf n. Fine metallic filings or shavings removed by a cutting tool. [Of Scandinavian origin; akin to Old Norse svarf.] ) mean a cycle time of three times as long, which certainly isn't the sort of thing that one may be looking for Looking for In the context of general equities, this describing a buy interest in which a dealer is asked to offer stock, often involving a capital commitment. Antithesis of in touch with. as regards output. While roughing can be performed on CGI surfaces comparatively well, semifinishing is more problematic. Woodruff and his colleagues have been working with engineers at cutting tool manufacturer Sandvik Coromant (Fairlawn, NJ; www.coromant.sandvik.com/us) on tools and process parameters for CGI machining, specially for cylinder boring as this process, wherein the tool is ordinarily engaged continuously, has low tool life. Sandvik has developed a serrated serrated /ser·rat·ed/ (ser´at-ed) having a sawlike edge. serrated (ser´āted), adj having a jagged or notched edge; saw-toothed. tool for the process, the Long Edge Tool, which is helically moved through the bore. They're using a Makino a81 M horizontal machining center with an integral high torque spindle: it provides 744 lb-ft of torque from zero to 392 rpm. It has a CAT 50-taper tool-holder. The spindle runs up to 10,000 rpm. According to Woodruff, they've discovered that the surface finish that is left as a result of the boring process they've developed, which he says is somewhat "convoluted," actually reduces the boring requirement. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] While the process parameter changes that CGI requires may seem rather off-putting, consider this: Woodruff says that by using CGI for an engine block the mass can be reduced by 22%.--GSV |
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