Building Himalayas. (Diagram-Reading/Critical-Thinking Skills).In "The Making of a Mountain" (pp. 13 to 15), you learned about how the world's highest mountains The following is a list of the world's 100+ highest mountains per height above sea level, all of which are located in Asia. Only those summits are included that, by an objective measure, may be considered individual mountains as opposed to subsidiary peaks. formed over millions of years' time. Use the diagrams on pages 14 and 15 to help answer the questions below. Write your answers as complete sentences. 1. What is the lithosphere lithosphere (lĭth`əsfēr '), brittle uppermost shell of the earth, broken into a number of tectonic plates. The lithosphere consists of the heavy oceanic and lighter continental crusts, and the uppermost portion of the mantle. ? 2. What are the thick slabs that cover Earth's surface Noun 1. Earth's surface - the outermost level of the land or sea; "earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water" surface called? 3. Describe the collision that gave birth to the Himalayas. 4. What separated India and Asia 60 MYA? 5. How do folded mountains form? 6. What is an anticline anticline: see fold. ? What's a syncline? 7. Geologists say India continues to move north under Tibet at a rate of 18 millimeters a year. The process is squeezing the Himalayas skyward sky·ward adv. & adj. At or toward the sky. sky  wards adv. at a rate of about 5 mm/year. In 10 million years, how many more millimeters will India have traveled? How many kilometers is that? 8. If Everest continues to grow about 5 mm/year, how tall in meters will it be 10 million years from now? Don't Stop Now Use your calculations and the diagrams to help you draw a sketch of what you think the mountain range might look like in 10 million years. ANSWERS 1. The lithosphere is a somewhat flexible layer comprising Earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle. 2. Tectonic plates This is a list of tectonic plates on Earth. Tectonic plates are pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere. The plates are around 100 km (60 miles) thick and consist of two principal types of material: oceanic crust (also called are thick slabs of crust and mantle that cover Earth's surface 3. Starting about 70 MYA, India began drifting toward the continent of Asia, at a rate of 9 meters per century, until India struck Asia about 40 MYA. The collision caused Earth's crust to crumple crum·ple v. crum·pled, crum·pling, crum·ples v.tr. 1. To crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple. 2. To cause to collapse. v.intr. 1. into giant mountains. 4. Sixty MYA, the Tethys sea separated the continents. 5. Folded mountains result from continental collisions. If the rock layers that make up the continental crust are flexible enough not to break, they buckle into the piles of folded rock that form mountains. 6. Both are types of folded rock: Anticlines are upfolds; synclines are downfolds. 7. 180,000,000 mm, 180 km 8. 8,899 m |
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