Behind the green curtain.Just prior to the establishment of the federal income tax in 1913, a powerful network of tax-exempt tax-ex·empt adj. 1. Not subject to taxation, as the capital or income of a philanthropic organization. 2. Producing interest that is exempt from income tax: tax-exempt bonds. n. foundations was established. While sold to the public as a way to "soak the rich," this arrangement actually uses the tax system to soak the middle class, while allowing revolutionary elements among the super-rich to amass huge pools of wealth that can be used to advance their political and social designs--usually at the expense, once again, of the middle class. Some foundations do engage in laudable laud·a·ble adj. Healthy; favorable. philanthropy philanthropy, the spirit of active goodwill toward others as demonstrated in efforts to promote their welfare. The term is often used interchangeably with charity. . But many others also use their accumulated ac·cu·mu·late v. ac·cu·mu·lat·ed, ac·cu·mu·lat·ing, ac·cu·mu·lates v.tr. To gather or pile up; amass. See Synonyms at gather. v.intr. To mount up; increase. wealth to underwrite To insure; to sell an issue of stocks and bonds or to guarantee the purchase of unsold stocks and bonds after a public issue. The word underwrite has two meanings. revolutionary and subversive activities Noun 1. subversive activity - the act of subverting; as overthrowing or destroying a legally constituted government subversion overthrow - the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force) . What follows is a representative sample of foundation grants to various radical environmental organizations. The amounts are from the authoritative Tax Foundation for the period 2000-2003. Alcoa Foundation National Wildlife Federation, VA $63,980 Nature Conservancy, VA $550,000 Resources for the Future, DC $62,500 World Resources Institute, DC $898,130 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $850,000 Bank of America Foundation National Wildlife Federation, VA $28,400 Nature Conservancy, VA $320,000 Nature Conservancy, GA $75,000 Nature Conservancy, AZ $100,000 Nature Conservancy, OK $30,000 Nature Conservancy, NV $10,000 Resources for the Future, DC $10,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $60,000 Carnegie Corporation of New York Environmental Law Institute, DC $214,900 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $25,000 Citigroup Foundation Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $75,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $50,000 Nature Conservancy, GA $50,000 Nature Conservancy, NY $50,000 World Resources Institute, DC $945,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $70,000 DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund Nature Conservancy, VA $100,000 Resources for the Future, DC $145,000 Educational Foundation of America Environmental Defense, NY $135,000 Environmental Defense, NC $170,000 Environmental Defense, DC $175,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $280,000 International Forum on Globalization, CA $100,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $60,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $60,000 Nature Conservancy, NC. $100,000 Rainforest Action Network, CA $80,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $200,000 Wilderness Society, CO $500,000 Wilderness Society, DC $255,000 Energy Foundation Center for International Environmental Law, DC $150,000 Environmental Defense, NY $2,257,923 Environmental Defense, DC $430,000 Environmental Defense, CA $53,340 Environmental Defense, TX $140,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $45,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $25,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $3,442,873 Natural Resources Defense Council, DC $125,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, CA $105,000 Resources for the Future, DC $125,000 Sierra Club Foundation, CA $1,373,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $3,749,000 Wilderness Society, DC $90,000 Wilderness Society, CO $10,000 World Resources Institute, DC $955,200 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $570,957 Ford Foundation Center for International Environmental Law, DC $1,120,000 Earth Action Network, CT $50,000 Environmental Defense, NY $300,000 Environmental Grantmakers Association, NY $252,000 Environmental Law Institute, DC $637,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $350,000 Friends of the Earth International, Netherlands $155,000 Friends of the Earth Nigeria, Nigeria $250,000 Institute for Law and Environmental Governance, Kenya $35,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $1,070,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $409,500 Nature Conservancy, Laikipia, Kenya $100,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $150,000 Rainforest Action Network, CA $290,000 Resources for the Future, DC $75,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $860,000 World Resources Institute, DC $923,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $600,000 Hewlett Foundation, William and Flora Environmental Defense, NY $1,200,000 Environmental Defense, TX $250,000 Environmental Law Institute, DC $325,000 National Wildlife Federation, DC $300,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, CA $1,860,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $900,000 Nature Conservancy, AK $750,000 Nature Conservancy, CA $1,250,000 Resources for the Future, DC $331,000 Sierra Club, CA $675,000 Sierra Club of Canada, Canada $120,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $1,300,000 Wilderness Society, DC $1,100,000 Wilderness Society, CO $172,000 World Resources Institute, DC $100,000 MacArthur Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. Center for International Environmental Law, DC $450,000 Environmental Law Institute, DC $675,000 Institute of Environmental Law Problems, Russia $90,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $350,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, DC $300,0000 Nature Conservancy, VA. $1,150,000 Nature Conservancy, HI. $470,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $4,219,000 World Resources Institute, DC $2,875,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $3,135,000 Mott Foundation, Charles Stewart Center for International Environmental Law, DC $1,343,000 Environmental Defense, NY $707,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $810,000 Friends of the Earth France, France $420,000 Friends of the Earth International, England $125,000 Friends of the Earth Netherlands, Netherlands $472,500 Friends of the Earth Japan, Japan $565,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $2,273,141 National Wildlife Federation, MI $575,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $6,542,400 Nature Conservancy of Canada, Canada $1,000,000 Sierra Club, CA $520,000 Sierra Club of Canada Foundation, Canada $66,000 World Resources Institute, DC $1,550,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $291,000 Packard Foundation, David and Lucille Earth Action Network, CT $150,000 Environmental Defense, NY $9,474,343 Environmental Law Institute, DC $405,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $550,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $725,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $33,376,441 Nature Conservancy of Canada, Canada $40,000 Sierra Club Foundation, CA $250,000 Sierra Club of British Columbia Foundation, Canada $2,278,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $397,000 Wilderness Society, DC $250,000 World Resources Institute, DC $4,395,957 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $20,709,334 Pew Charitable Trusts Environmental Defense, NY $300,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $300,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY. $550,000 Sierra Club, CA $560,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $1,000,000 Wilderness Society, DC $2,145,400 World Resources Institute, DC $750,000 Rockefeller Brothers Fund Center for International Environmental Law, DC $350,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $50,000 Friends of the Earth International, Netherlands $70,000 Friends of the Earth Japan, Japan $400,000 International Forum on Globalization, CA $300,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $150,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $165,000 Rainforest Action Network, CA $400,000 Sierra Club of British Columbia Foundation, Canada $180,000 Valhalla Wilderness Society, Canada $100,000 World Resources Institute, DC $160,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $100,000 Rockefeller Foundation Center for International Law, DC. $871,487 Environmental Law Institute, DC $403,933 Nature Conservancy, AR $50,000 Resources for the Future, DC $459,594 World Resources Institute, DC $717,138 Turner Foundation, Inc. Center for International Environmental Law, DC $70,000 Environmental Defense, NY $530,000 Environmental Defense, CO. $28,875 Environmental Defense, DC $10,000 Environmental Law Institute, DC $40,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $200,000 Friends of the Earth Japan, Japan $30,000 National Wildlife Federation, VA $1,215,000 National Wildlife Federation, AK $80,000 National Wildlife Federation, CO $10,000 National Wildlife Federation, DC $10,000 Natural Resource Defense Council, NY $2,085,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, CA $587,500 Natural Resources Defense Council, DC $73,875 Nature Conservancy, GA $539,000 Nature Conservancy, SC $15,000 Nature Conservancy, ND $20,000 Nature Conservancy, VA $200,000 Nature Conservancy of Montana, MT $15,000 Rainforest Action Network, CA $130,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $444,000 Valhalla Wilderness Society, Canada $110,000 Wilderness Society, DC $268,000 Wildlands Project, VT $160,000 Wildlands Project, AZ $80,000 World Resource Institute, DC $175,000 World Wildlife Fund / Conservation Foundation, DC $170,000 Wallace Global Fund Center for International Environmental Law, DC. $210,000 Environmental Defense, NY $250,000 Environmental Grantmakers Association, NY $10,000 Friends of the Earth, DC $314,000 Friends of the Earth International, England $214,000 Natural Resources Defense Council, NY $50,000 Nature Conservancy, PA $30,000 Rainforest Action Network, CA $115,000 Sierra Club, CA $400,000 Sierra Club Foundation, DC $90,000 Union of Concerned Scientists, MA $200,000 World Resources Institute, DC $540,000 |
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