Annex 10: Country at a glance.
POVERTY and SOCIAL
Madagascar
2000
Population, mid-year (millions) 15.5
GNI per capita (Atlas method. US$) 250
GNI (Atlas method. US$ billions) 3.9
Average annual growth, 1994-00
Population (%) 3.1
Labor force (%) 3.1
Most recent estimate (latest year available, 1994-00)
Poverty (% of population below
national poverty line) 70
Urban population (% of total
population) 29
Life expectancy at birth (years) 54
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live
births) 90
Child malnutrition (% of children
under 5) 40
Access to an improved water source
(% of population) 47
Illiteracy (% of population age
15+) 33
Gross primary enrollment (% of
school-age population) 70
Male ...
Female ...
KEY ECONOMIC RATIOS and LONG-TERM TRENDS
1980 1990
GDP (USS billions) ... 3.1
Gross domestic investment/GDP ... 17.0
Exports of goods and services/GDP ... 16.6
Gross domestic savings/GDP ... 6.3
Gross national savings/GDP ... 9.2
Current account balance/GDP ... -7.7
Interest payments/GDP ... 2.8
Total debt/GDP ... 120.2
Total debt service/exports 19.3 36.9
Present value of debt/GDP ... ...
Present value of debt/exports ... ...
1980-90 1990-00 1999
(average annual growth)
GDP 2.5 2.0 4.7
GDP per capita -0.3 -0.9 1.5
Exports of goods and services -1.7 3.9 11.3
STRUCTURE of the ECONOMY
1980 1990
(% of GDP)
Agriculture 30.1 32.3
Industry 16.1 14.3
Manufacturing ... 12.0
Services 53.9 53.4
Private consumption ... 85.7
General government consumption ... 8.0
Imports of goods and services ... 27.3
1980-90 1990-00
(average annual growth}
Agriculture 2.5 1.4
Industry 0.9 2.4
Manufacturing 2.1 0.6
Services 0.3 2.5
Private consumption -0.6 2.4
General government consumption 0.5 1.2
Gross domestic investment 15.1 2.6
Imports of goods and services -5.9 5.2
PRICES and GOVERNMENT FINANCE
1980 1990
Domestic prices
(% change)
Consumer prices ... 11.8
Implicit GDP deflator 11.5
...
Government finance
(% of GDP, includes current grants)
Current revenue ... 13.3
Current budget balance ... 4.2
Overall surplus/deficit ... -3.6
TRADE
1980 1990
(US$ millions)
Total exports (fob) ... 345
Coffee 213 39
Vanilla 18 57
Manufactures ... 146
Total imports (cif) ... 649
Food 89 49
Fuel and energy 159 113
Capital goods 333 186
Export price index (1995=100) ... 83
Import price index (1995=100) ... 91
Terms of trade (1995=100) ... 91
BALANCE of PAYMENTS
1980 1990
(US$ millions)
Exports of goods and services 516 512
Imports of goods and services 1,085 842
Resource balance -569 -330
Net income ... -146
Net current transfers 11 238
Current account balance ... -238
Financing items (net) ... 101
Changes in net reserves ... 137
Memo:
Reserves including gold (US$
millions) ... 92
Conversion rate (DEC, locall US$) 211.3 1,494.2
EXTERNAL DEBT and RESOURCE FLOWS
1980 1990
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and
disbursed 1,248 3,704
IBRD 30 26
IDA 122 770
Total debt service 100 223
IBRD 3 5
IDA 1 8
Composition of net resource flows
Official grants 30 348
Official creditors 193 159
Private creditors 140 -15
Foreign direct investment -1 22
Portfolio equity 0 0
World Bank program
Commitments 62 156
Disbursements 26 64
Principal repayments 1 6
Net flows 26 58
Interest payments 3 7
Net transfers 22 50
Sub-
POVERTY and SOCIAL Saharan Low-
Africa Income
2000
Population, mid-year (millions) 659 2,459
GNI per capita (Atlas method. US$) 480 420
GNI (Atlas method. US$ billions) 313 1,030
Average annual growth, 1994-00
Population (%) 2.6 1.9
Labor force (%) 2.6 2.4
Most recent estimate (latest year available, 1994-00)
Poverty (% of population below
national poverty line) ... ...
Urban population (% of total
population) 34 32
Life expectancy at birth (years) 47 59
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live
births) 92 77
Child malnutrition (% of children
under 5) ... ...
Access to an improved water source
(% of population) 55 76
Illiteracy (% of population age
15+) 38 38
Gross primary enrollment (% of
school-age population) 78 96
Male 85 102
Female 71 86
KEY ECONOMIC RATIOS and LONG-TERM TRENDS
1999 2000
GDP (USS billions) 3.7 3.9
Gross domestic investment/GDP 14.9 17.1
Exports of goods and services/GDP 24.8 23.2
Gross domestic savings/GDP 7.2 8.4
Gross national savings/GDP 9.5 9.5
Current account balance/GDP -5.4 -6.8
Interest payments/GDP 1.1 0.9
Total debt/GDP 117.0 112.0
Total debt service/exports 11.9 7.0
Present value of debt/GDP 79.1 ...
Present value of debt/exports 287.3 ...
2000 2000-04
(average annual growth)
GDP 4.8 6.4
GDP per capita 1.6 3.4
Exports of goods and services 29.4 10.9
STRUCTURE of the ECONOMY
1999 2000
(% of GDP)
Agriculture 30.0 34.9
Industry 13.8 13.1
Manufacturing ... ...
Services 56.2 52.0
Private consumption 84.9 84.3
General government consumption 7.9 7.3
Imports of goods and services 32.5 31.9
1999 2000
(average annual growth}
Agriculture 5.3 -2.4
Industry 4.2 5.5
Manufacturing ... ...
Services 1.6 11.1
Private consumption 2.9 8.5
General government consumption 9.6 ...
Gross domestic investment 8.7 24.2
Imports of goods and services 7.8 25.8
PRICES and GOVERNMENT FINANCE
1999 2000
Domestic prices
(% change)
Consumer prices 9.9 11.9
Implicit GDP deflator 9.8 7.1
Government finance
(% of GDP, includes current grants)
Current revenue 11.4 11.7
Current budget balance 2.1 2.6
Overall surplus/deficit -4.8 -4.2
TRADE
1999 2000
(US$ millions)
Total exports (fob) 665 681
Coffee 30 8
Vanilla 28 37
Manufactures 478 486
Total imports (cif) 874 1,029
Food 46 67
Fuel and energy 124 214
Capital goods 154 168
Export price index (1995=100) 82 79
Import price index (1995=100) 88 94
Terms of trade (1995=100) 94 84
BALANCE of PAYMENTS
1999 2000
(US$ millions)
Exports of goods and services 910 1,195
Imports of goods and services 1,198 1,529
Resource balance -288 -334
Net income -42 -53
Net current transfers 129 124
Current account balance -201 -263
Financing items (net) 247 376
Changes in net reserves -46 -113
Memo:
Reserves including gold (US$
millions) 227 301
Conversion rate (DEC, locall US$) 6,283.8 6,767.5
EXTERNAL DEBT and RESOURCE FLOWS
1999 2000
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and
disbursed 4,354 4,359
IBRD 0 0
IDA 1361 1,378
Total debt service 121 93
IBRD 1 0
IDA 25 27
Composition of net resource flows
Official grants 35 21
Official creditors 65 101
Private creditors 0 0
Foreign direct investment 58 68
Portfolio equity 0 0
World Bank program
Commitments 171 138
Disbursements 84 94
Principal repayments 16 17
Net flows 68 77
Interest payments 10 10
Net transfers 58 67
Note: 2000 data are preliminary estimates.
* The diamonds show four key indicators in the country (in bold)
compared with its income-group average. If data are missing. the
diamond will be incomplete.
Development Economics
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