An annotated list of the aquatic insects collected in 2004 in the Wabash River watershed, Indiana.

ABSTRACT. In 2004 the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) biologists sampled 47 streams and rivers within the Wabash River watershed. More than 5500 aquatic insect specimens, representing 229 taxa from nine orders, 61 families, and 167 genera were collected. Diptera (73 taxa) was the most diverse insect order followed by Coleoptera (43 taxa), Odonata (31 taxa), Ephemeroptera (25 taxa), Trichoptera (23 taxa), Hemiptera (20 taxa), Plecoptera (7 taxa), Megaloptera (5 taxa), and Lepidoptera (2 taxa). We collected 50-70% of the families, 21-45% of the genera, and 9-17% of the species of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera currently reported from Indiana. The upper Wabash sub-watershed had the greatest number of insect taxa (148) while the lower Wabash sub-watershed had the fewest taxa (119). Based on rank abundance, Cheumatopsyche spp., Calopteryx maculata, Polypedium spp., Caenis spp., Stenelmis spp., Cricotopus/Orthocladius group, Tanytarsus spp., Ceratopsyche cheilonis, and Thienemannimyia group were found at more than 50% of the sites.

Keywords: Wabash River, environmental quality, macroinvertebrate, IDEM, probabilistic, multi-habitat

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For nearly 100 years aquatic macroinvertebrates have been used as indicators of water quality (Forbes 1928; Pantie & Buck 1955). In the 1970s American scientists shifted the focus of biomonitoring from using qualitatively collected indicator species to the use of quantitative sampling and analysis by means of various diversity indices (Bode 1988; Hilsenhoff 1982, 1987, 1988). In order to calibrate and validate indicator organism indices, basic information about distribution and taxonomy is needed. For many areas this information exists at the order or family level; but, other than large checklists, little information exists at the species or lowest taxonomic level (Helenthal et al. 2003).

In 1990, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) initiated a benthic macroinvertebrate community assessment program (IDEM 2001) based on the EPA RBP II protocols (Plafkin et al. 1989). This method utilized a single habitat for assessing rivers and streams using family-level taxonomic resolution. Recent comparisons of family-level versus genus- and species-level identifications of macroinvertebrates has determined that, in most situations, genus- and species-level identifications provide much greater diagonostic resolution (Lenat & Resh 2001). Later, in 2004, IDEM began the development of a multi-habitat (MHAB) sampling method for collecting benthic macroinvertebrates that would incorporate genus- and species-level identifications (1DEM 2006).

The purpose of the present study is to provide a list of aquatic insect taxa collected within the Wabash River watershed, and present a comparison of taxonomic occurrence in four sub-watersheds based on samples collected in 2004. This effort is based on a stratified random sampling approach that reflects representative occurrence in the area.

METHODS

Study area.--The Wabash River, the second largest tributary to the Ohio River, originates near St. Henry, Ohio and flows in a southwesterly direction for 765 km before entering the Ohio River 18 km southwest of Mt. Vernon, Indiana. The Wabash River watershed encompasses 85,236 [km.sup.2], with nearly 74% (62,693 [km.sup.2]) located in Indiana (Illinois and Ohio contribute 21,805 [km.sup.2] and 738 [km.sup.2], respectively) (Hoggatt 1975). Major streams within the Wabash watershed include the Tippecanoe River, Wildcat Creek, Mississinewa River, Salamonie River, Patoka River, Driftwood River, Flatrock River, Muscatatuck River, and the White River.

The Wabash River watershed is located primarily within the Eastern Corn Belt Plain Ecoregion with the extreme northern area being in the Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Till Plain Ecoregion, the southcentral area being in the Interior Plateau and Eastern Corn Belt Plain Ecoregion, and the southwestern area being found in the Interior River Lowland Ecoregion. The Eastern Corn Belt Plain and Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Till Plain Ecoregions are formerly glaciated with bedrock composed of Paleozoic shale, sandstone, limestone and dolomite overlain with clay and loam till and outwash. The Interior River Lowland is composed of both formerly glaciated and un-glaciated areas with bedrock composed of Pennsylvanian shale, sandstone, limestone and coal overlain by Quaternary alluvium and glacial outwash. The Interior Plateau Ecoregion, which was never glaciated, is an area with Quaternary loess, colluvium and alluvium underlain with Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale, sandstone, and limestone (Woods et al. 1998). About 65% of the Wabash River watershed, primarily within the Eastern Corn Belt Plain and the Northern Indiana Till Plain Ecoregions, is utilized as agricultural cropland for corn and soybean production. Agriculture is also a primary land use within the Interior River Lowland Ecoregion, although oil wells and coal mines are also common. Forests account for 13.5% of the Wabash River watershed and are mostly found within the Interior Plateau Ecoregion (Gammon 1994; Woods et al. 1998).

Study design.--As part of the IDEM Surface Water Monitoring Strategy (2001, 2006), IDEM biologists sampled 47 sites within the Wabash River Watershed during 2004 (Table 1, Fig. 1). Site selection for this study was part of a watershed-based, statewide stratified, random subset of 736 previously sampled macroinvertebrate sampling sites. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic taxonomic list of species collected across the Indiana portion of the Wabash River watershed. For the purpose of this study, the Wabash River watershed was divided into four sub-watersheds based on the Monitoring Strategy Areas used by the IDEM Surface Water Monitoring Strategy (2001, 2006). The sub-watersheds are as follows: the upper Wabash River (UWR), lower Wabash River (LWR), West Fork of the White River (WFWR) and East Fork of the White River (EFWR) (Fig. 1).

[FIGURE 1 OMITTED]

Numerical classification analysis was conducted using STATISTICA for Windows (StatSoft 2002). We analyzed the 30 most commonly ranked taxa occurring in the entire Wabash River watershed and each of its four sub-watersheds. This information is presented in a cumulative frequency-distribution table of the most common taxa (Table 2).

Field collection.--Aquatic macroinvertebrate samples were collected at each site upstream of bridges (if present) to decrease any effects that the bridges might have on the downstream fauna. Following a modified D-frame dipnet method (IDEM 2001, 2006) described from Plafkin et al. (1989) and Barbour et al. (1999), a one-minute kick sample was taken within a riffle (if available), run, or a typical glide area at each site. In addition, a 50 m length of stream habitat was sampled with a D-frame dipnet to obtain a MHAB sample. Instream habitats included emergent vegetation, submerged macrophytes, depositional zones, logs, sticks, rootwads, rootmats, cobble, and sand. All habitats were sampled as encountered. The MHAB sample and the kick sample were combined and elutriated a minimum of five times through a 50 [micro]m sieve. The contents of the sieve were emptied into a tray and picked through for 15 min, collecting at least 100 organisms per site, obtaining the greatest diversity of organisms possible. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were preserved in 80% isopropyl alcohol and returned to the lab to be processed and identified, usually to genus or species, using regionally-recognized taxonomic references (such as Merritt & Cummins 1996; Hilsenhoff 1995; and Brigham et al. 1982). All specimens were retained and are maintained at the IDEM Shadeland office/laboratory, Indianapolis, Indiana.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This single year sampling effort of 47 sites in the Wabash River watershed collected more than 5500 aquatic insects. Using a MHAB sampling approach a total of 229 aquatic insect taxa, distributed over nine orders, 61 families, and 167 genera was collected (Table 3). The most diverse insect orders were Diptera (73 taxa), Coleoptera (43 taxa), and Odonata (31 taxa). The remaining 82 taxa were distributed among the orders Ephemeroptera (25 taxa), Trichoptera (23 taxa), Hemiptera (20 taxa), Plecoptera (7 taxa), Megaloptera (5 taxa), and Lepidoptera (2 taxa).

Hellenthal et al. (2003) published a list of 2307 aquatic insect species either recorded from Indiana or likely to occur within the state. The data collected from the Wabash River watershed are presented and compared with this list in Table 4. This study collected 50-70% of the families, 21-45% of the genera, and 9-17% of the species of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera currently reported from Indiana (Table 4) (Hellenthal et al. 2003). These are surprisingly high numbers considering the temporal and spatial limits of this study, which sampled only 47 sites in Indiana's largest watershed from September to November.

Diversity by subwatershed.--The UWR sub-watershed had the greatest number of insect taxa (148) while the LWR sub-watershed had the fewest taxa (119). The WFWR and the EFWR had 122 taxa and 132 taxa, respectively. The greatest number of taxa (48) was found in both the LWR sub-watershed in Sugar Creek, Montgomery County (site B5), and within the EFWR sub-watershed, in Brandywine Creek, Shelby County (site D11). The fewest taxa (9) were found in Wolf Creek, Lawrence County (site D4). The average number of taxa collected in the Wabash River watershed was 29. Among the individual subwatersheds, the greatest average number of taxa (31) was in the LWR sub-watershed while the smallest average number of taxa (27) was in the EFWR sub-watershed. The average number of taxa at sites in the UWR and WFWR sub-watersheds was 29.

Rank abundance by site occurrence. Table 2 presents the 30 most abundant taxa by site occurrence. The most commonly encountered taxon, the Trichoptera genus Cheumatopsyche spp., occurred at 72% of all sites (Table 2). Although Hellenthal et al. (2003) reported 11 Cheumatopsyche species for Indiana, the larvae of this genus currently cannot be identified to species level. Sampling and identification of adult material using larval-rearing, emergence traps, black-lights or other such collection methods may be useful for providing species occurrence data for problem insect genera.

Numerical classification analysis.--Numerical classification analysis of the percentage of occurrence of the 30 most common taxa (Table 2) from the four sub-watersheds is presented in Fig. 2. This dendogram shows that sites in the UWR sub-watershed are most compositionally similar to sites within the WFWR. These two sub-watersheds are then most similar to sites in the LWR sub-watershed. The internodal distance between the EFWR and the other sub-watersheds is reflected by a relative difference of 40% (Fig. 2) indicating that this sub-watershed is significantly different in composition and structure. Sobat et al. (2006) reported that the Wabash River (including both UWR and LWR subwatersheds), the WFWR, and the EFWR fish communities, based on analysis of Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores, have been assessed in the good-to-excellent condition at 14%, 17% and 33%, respectively. This numerical pattern of aquatic insect and fish community data suggested that the EFWR sub-watershed was of a higher environmental quality than the other sub-watersheds within the Wabash River watershed.

[FIGURE 2 OMITTED]

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We appreciate the assistance of IDEM biologists Todd Davis, Holly Jackson, Joshua Brosmer, Jim Butler, Jennifer Wingstrom, Stacey Sobat, James Stahl, and Cindy Martin, who helped in field collection and in other professional courtesies. We particularly appreciate the comments and review of C. Lee Bridges, Charles Morris, and Thomas E Simon III.

Manuscript received 1 September 2006, revised 20 October 2006.

LITERATURE CITED

Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder & J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, Second Edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.

Bode, R.W. 1988. Quality Assurance Workplan for Biological Stream Monitoring in New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York. 122 pp.

Brigham, A.R., W.U. Brigham & A. Gnilka (eds.). 1982. Aquatic Insects and Oligochaetes of North and South Carolina. Midwest Aquatic Enterprises, Mahomet, Illinois. 837 pp.

Forbes, S.A. 1928. The biological survey of a river system--its objects, methods and results. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 17:277-284.

Gammon, J.R. 1994. The Wabash River Ecosystem. A Report for PSI-Energy, Plainfield, Indiana and Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. 213 pp.

Hellenthal, R.A., R.D. Waltz, A.V. Provonsha & J.D. Haddock. 2003. Preliminary Checklist of Indiana Aquatic Insects. Indiana Academy of Science Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Workshop: Overview of the State of Science. October 17, 2003. Anderson, Indiana. iv + 73 pp.

Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1982. Using a Biotic Index to Evaluate Water Quality in Streams. Technical Bulletin No. 132. Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin. 22 pp.

Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1987. An improved biotic index of organic stream pollution. Great Lakes Entomologist 20:31-39.

Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1988. Rapid field assessment of organic pollution with a family-level biotic index. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7:65-68.

Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1995. Aquatic Insects of Wisconsin, Keys to Wisconsin Genera and Notes on Biology, Habitat, Distribution and Species. University of Wisconsin-Madison Natural History Museums Council Publication No. 3, G3648. 79 pp.

Hoggatt, R.E. 1975. Drainage Areas of Indiana Streams. U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey, Water Resource Division. 231 pp.

Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM). 2001. IDEM Surface Water Quality Monitoring Strategy 2001-2005. Assessment Branch, Office of Water Quality, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indianapolis, Indiana. IDEM/32/01/021, May 2001.

Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM). 2006. Indiana Water Quality Monitoring Strategy 2006-2010. M-001-OWQ-A-00-06R03. IDEM, Office of Water Quality, Assessment Branch, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Lenat, D.R. & V.H. Resh. 2001. Taxonomy and stream ecology: The benefits of genus- and species-level identifications. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 20:287-298.

Merritt, R.W. & K.W. Cummins (eds.). 1996. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 862 pp.

Pantle, R. & H. Buck. 1955. Die biologische Uberwachung der Gewasser und die Daistellung der Ergebnisse. (Biological monitoring of waterbodies and the presentation of results). Gas und Wasserfach 96:604.

Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross & R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols For Use in Streams and River: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. EPA 440/4-89/001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington D.C.

Sobat, S.L., C.C. Morris, A.K. Stephan & T.P. Simon. 2006. Changes in the condition of the Wabash River drainage from 1990-2004. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 115: 156-169.

StatSoft. 2002. STATISTICA for Windows. StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Woods, A.J., J.M. Omemik, C.S. Brockman, T.D. Gerber, W.D. Hosteter & S.H. Azevedo. 1998. Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio. (Map poster). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

Paul D. McMurray, Jr. and Steven A. Newhouse: Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Biological Studies Section, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 USA

Table 1.-Site localities of all sites sampled in the Wabash River
watershed, Indiana, in 2004. Site numbers correspond to Table 3
and are shown in Fig. 1.

Site     County            Locality

Upper Wabash River sub-watershed

Al     Tippecanoe    Wildcat Creek @ Wolfe Rd
A2     Carroll       Wildcat Creek @ US 421
A3     Carroll       Wildcat Creek @ CR 50 E
A4     Carroll       Little Deer Creek @ CR 300 N
A5     Carroll       Deer Creek @ CR 300 N
A6     Carroll       Deer Creek U/S of Delphi, Indiana
A7     Carroll       Deer Creek D/S of Delphi Water Treatment Plant
A8     White         Honey Creek @ CR 225 N
A9     Pulaski       Tippecanoe River @ Pulaski
A10    Pulaski       Mud Creek @ SR 119
All    Starke        House Ditch @ CR 850 S
A12    Fulton        Mill Creek @ CR 250 N (Olson Rd)
A13    Wabash        Eel River U/S Wabash Rd
A14    Huntington    Wabash River D/S Huntington Reservoir
A15    Wells         Eightmile Creek @ Aboite Rd
A16    Jay           Wabash River @ CR 215 E
A17    Delaware      Mississinewa River 200m D/S of CR 700 N

Lower Wabash River sub-watershed

B1     Knox          Snapp Creek 30m D/S of Iron Bridge
B2     Knox          Smalls Creek @ ford W of RR, Sec 26
B3     Knox          Maria Creek @ CR 1050 S
B4     Sullivan      Sulphur Creek @ SR 48
B5     Montgomery    Sugar Creek @ CR 600 E
B6     Warren        Big Pine Creek @ SR 55
B7     Warren        Mud Pine Creek @ CR 850 N

West Fork White River sub-watershed

Cl     Greene        Buck Creek @ SR 54, E of Linton
C2     Clay          Wabash and Erie Canal @ CR 113 W
C3     Owen          Little Mill Creek @ CR 25 E
C4     Morgan        Lambs Creek @ Middle Patton Lake Rd
C5     Hendricks     East Fork White Lick Creek @ CR 800 S
C6     Putnam        Big Walnut Creek D/S Wildwood Bridge
C7     Putnam        Plum Creek @ CR 500 N
C8     Hamilton      Stony Creek @ Cumberland Rd Gaging Station
C9     Madison       Pipe Creek U/S Alexandria, in WWTP
C10    Randolph      West Fork White River 120 m U/S CR 1100 W

East Fork White River sub-watershed

Dl     Orange        Lost River @ Potato Rd
D2     Lawrence      Guthrie Creek @ Leesville/ Fort Rimer Rd
D3     Lawrence      Pleasant Run Creek @ CR 50 E
D4     Lawrence      Wolf Creek @ CR 825 N
D5     Lawrence      Henderson Creek @ CR off of SR 446
D6     Jennings      Otter Creek @ CR 190 E, Cherry Park Rd
D7     Jennings      Leatherwood Creek @ CR 925 N at Zenas
D8     Jennings      Vernon Fork Muscatatuck River @ CR 1225 N
D9     Shelby        Lewis Creek @ SR 252
D10    Johnson       Sugar Creek @ CR 650 S at old CCC Dam
D11    Shelby        Brandywine Creek @ SR 9
D12    Rush          Little Blue River @ CR 300 N
D13    Henry         Big Blue River @ CR 400 S

Site     County            Latitude              Longitude
                              N                      W
Upper Wabash River sub-watershed

Al     Tippecanoe    40 [degrees] 27.17'    86 [degrees] 43.59'
A2     Carroll       40 [degrees] 27.52'    86 [degrees] 38.13'
A3     Carroll       40 [degrees] 28.58'    86 [degrees] 30.43'
A4     Carroll       40 [degrees] 35.24'    86 [degrees] 28.04'
A5     Carroll       40 [degrees] 35.23'    86 [degrees] 37.18'
A6     Carroll       40 [degrees] 35.10'    86 [degrees] 40.08'
A7     Carroll       40 [degrees] 34.28'    86 [degrees] 40.59'
A8     White         40 [degrees] 47.05'    86 [degrees] 47.39'
A9     Pulaski       40 [degrees] 58.22'    86 [degrees] 39.35'
A10    Pulaski       40 [degrees] 59.01'    86 [degrees] 38.51'
All    Starke        41 [degrees] 10.44'    86 [degrees] 32.26'
A12    Fulton        41 [degrees] 05.30'    86 [degrees] 13.53'
A13    Wabash        40 [degrees] 59.38'    85 [degrees] 46.55'
A14    Huntington    40 [degrees] 50.46'    85 [degrees] 28.16'
A15    Wells         40 [degrees] 54.53'    85 [degrees] 19.09'
A16    Jay           40 [degrees] 34.05'    84 [degrees] 50.55'
A17    Delaware      40 [degrees] 17.33'    85 [degrees] 18.47'

Lower Wabash River sub-watershed

B1     Knox          38 [degrees] 42.04'    87 [degrees] 29.57'
B2     Knox          38 [degrees] 45.06'    87 [degrees] 29.16'
B3     Knox          38 [degrees] 52.53'    87 [degrees] 20.48'
B4     Sullivan      39 [degrees] 11.13'    87 [degrees] 16.15'
B5     Montgomery    40 [degrees] 06.28'    86 [degrees] 47.38'
B6     Warren        40 [degrees] 18.14'    87 [degrees] 15.47'
B7     Warren        40 [degrees] 26.24'    87 [degrees] 21.30'

West Fork White River sub-watershed

Cl     Greene        39 [degrees] 02.17'    87 [degrees] 06.31'
C2     Clay          39 [degrees] 11.54'    87 [degrees] 08.09'
C3     Owen          39 [degrees] 21.32'    86 [degrees] 45.50'
C4     Morgan        39 [degrees] 28.10'    86 [degrees] 30.23'
C5     Hendricks     39 [degrees] 38.46'    86 [degrees] 20.48'
C6     Putnam        39 [degrees] 42.11'    86 [degrees] 47.24'
C7     Putnam        39 [degrees] 43.53'    86 [degrees] 46.04'
C8     Hamilton      40 [degrees] 01.44'    85 [degrees] 59.42'
C9     Madison       40 [degrees] 15.47'    85 [degrees] 42.00'
C10    Randolph      40 [degrees] 09.59'    85 [degrees] 11.11'

East Fork White River sub-watershed

Dl     Orange        38 [degrees] 38.11'    86 [degrees] 21.57'
D2     Lawrence      38 [degrees] 48.08'    86 [degrees] 17.43'
D3     Lawrence      38 [degrees] 54.01'    86 [degrees] 28.10'
D4     Lawrence      38 [degrees] 58.35'    86 [degrees] 28.40'
D5     Lawrence      38 [degrees] 57.43'    86 [degrees] 22.08'
D6     Jennings      38 [degrees] 59.20'    85 [degrees] 34.31'
D7     Jennings      39 [degrees] 07.03'    85 [degrees] 28.21'
D8     Jennings      39 [degrees] 09.53'    85 [degrees] 27.45'
D9     Shelby        39 [degrees] 21.49'    85 [degrees] 51.29'
D10    Johnson       39 [degrees] 22.52'    86 [degrees] 00.21'
D11    Shelby        39 [degrees] 41.13'    85 [degrees] 46.26'
D12    Rush          39 [degrees] 39.18'    85 [degrees] 34.15'
D13    Henry         39 [degrees] 52.26'    85 [degrees] 26.20'

Table 2.-Percent occurrence of the 30 most common aquatic insects
collected in the Wabash River watershed, Indiana, and its
sub-watersheds in 2004. UWR =upper White River sub-watershed, LWR =
lower White River sub-watershed, WFWR = West Fork White River
sub-watershed, EFWR = East Fork White River sub-watershed.

                                  Entire
                                  Wabash
                                 watershed    UWR      LWR
             Taxa                 (N=47)     (n=17)   (n=7)

Cheumatopsyche spp.                 72         71       57
Calopteryx maculata                 66         53       86
Polypedilum spp.                    60         82       86
Caeinis spp.                        55         29       71
Stenelmis spp.                      55         53       43
Cricotopus/Orthocladius grp.        53         59       57
Tanytarsus spp.                     53         59       57
Ceratopsyche cheilonis              53         65       43
Thienemannimyia grp.                51         47       57
Enallagma divagans                  49         47       57
Tipula spp.                         43         18       14
Isonychia spp.                      43         41       29
Microtendipes spp.                  43         53       43
Tricorythodes spp.                  43         65       43
Peltodytes duodecimpunctatus        38         41       29
Dubiraphia spp.                     36         29       43
Boyeria vinosa                      34         35       14
Dicrotendipes spp.                  34         29       57
Argia tibialis                      34         41       43
Baetis intercalaris                 34         47       43
Hydroporus spp.                     32         35       29
Chironomus spp.                     32         24       43
Helichus lithophilus                32         18       57
Stenonema femoratum                 30          6       29
Microvelia americana                30          6       43
Peltodytes lengi                    30         18       14
Ceratopsyche spp.                   30         35       14
Dubiraphia minima                   30         35       14
Cladotanytarsus spp.                30         29       43
Cricotopus trifascia                30         35       43

                                   WFWR       EFWR
             Taxa                 (n=10)     (n=13)

Cheumatopsyche spp.                 80         77
Calopteryx maculata                 60         77
Polypedilum spp.                    60         15
Caeinis spp.                        60         77
Stenelmis spp.                      70         54
Cricotopus/Orthocladius grp.        60         38
Tanytarsus spp.                     60         38
Ceratopsyche cheilonis              60         38
Thienemannimyia grp.                40         62
Enallagma divagans                  70         31
Tipula spp.                         50         85
Isonychia spp.                      40         54
Microtendipes spp.                  30         38
Tricorythodes spp.                  40         15
Peltodytes duodecimpunctatus        40         38
Dubiraphia spp.                     40         38
Boyeria vinosa                      50         31
Dicrotendipes spp.                  40         23
Argia tibialis                      30         23
Baetis intercalaris                 30         15
Hydroporus spp.                      0         54
Chironomus spp.                     30         38
Helichus lithophilus                50         23
Stenonema femoratum                 20         69
Microvelia americana                30         54
Peltodytes lengi                    40         46
Ceratopsyche spp.                   40         23
Dubiraphia minima                   40         23
Cladotanytarsus spp.                40         15
Cricotopus trifascia                30         15

Table 3.--Aquatic insects collected in the Wabash
River watershed, Indiana, in 2004. Orders are arranged
phylogenetically, followed by the alphabetical
listing of families, genera, and species. Numbers
associated with each taxon correspond to the site localities
listed in Table 1 and shown in Fig. 1.

Order Ephemeroptera (10 families)

 Family Baetidae
  Acentrella turbida (McDunnough): A6, A7,
    A13, B5, B7, C6
  Baetis spp.: B6, D1
  Baetis flavistriga McDunnough: A1, A2, A4,
    A6, A7, A13, A15, B7, C7, C10
  Baetis intercalaris McDunnough: A1, A3, A6,
    A7, A9, A13, A15, A16, B1, B2, B7, C1, C4,
    C5, D11, D13
  Callibaetis spp.: B2, C8
  Procloeon spp.: A2, C3, C5, C6

 Family Baetiscidae
  Baetisca lacustris McDunnough: D9

 Family Caenidae
  Caenis spp.: A8, A9, A12, A15, A17, B1, B2,
   B5, B6, B7, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C10, D1,
   D2, D3, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12

 Family Ephemerellidae
  Eurylophella spp.: D1, D5

 Family Ephemeridae
  Ephemera simulans Walker: A17, B5, B6, D2
  Hexagenia limbata (Serville): A9, D9

 Family Heptageniidae
  Leucrocuta hebe (McDunnough): A1, A5, A6,
   A7, A12, A15, A17, B6, B7, C5, D11
  Mccaffertium spp.: A1, A5, A6, A7, B6, C6
  Mccaffertium mediopunctatum (McDunnough):
   A4, A5, A6, A7, B6, B7, C6, D10, D11, D12
  Mccaffertium pulchellum (Walsh): A5, A7,
   A13, A16, A17, BS, B6, C10, D1, D6, D9,
   D10
  Mccaffertium terminatum (Walsh): A3, A5, A6,
   A7, A9, A17, B6, C6, D10
  Stenacron spp.: A17, B1
  Stenacron interpunctatum (Say): A4, A5, A6,
   A7, A8, A9, A15, B2, C1, C2, C4, C6, D2
  Stenonemafemoratum (Say): A15, B6, B7, C3,
   C4, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9

 Family Isonychiidae
  Isonychia spp.: A1, A2, A3, A5, A6, A7, A17,
   B6, B7, C4, C6, C7, C10, D2, D6, D7, D9,
   D10, D11, D12

 Family Leptohyphidae
  Tricorythodes spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
   A7, A9, A13, A14, A16, B5, B6, B7, C5, C6,
   C8, C10, D10, D11

 Family Leptophlebiidae
  Leptophlebia cupida (Say): D1, D2, D3, D7,
   D10
  Paraleptophlebia ontario (McDunnough): A9

 Family Potamanthidae
  Anthopotamus spp.: C6
  Anthopotamus myops (Walsh): A3, A17, B5,
   D10

Order Odonata (7 families)

 Family Calopterygidae
  Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois): A4, A6, A8,
   A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A17, B2, B3, B4,
   B5, B6, B7, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8, D1, D2,
   D3, D4, D7, D8, D9, D11, D12, D13
  Hetaerina americana (Fabricius): A4, A6, C2,
  C5, C8, D11

 Family Coenagrionidae
  Argia spp.: A12, A16, B6, B7, C1, C2, C4, D1,
   D4
  Argia apicalis (Say): A4
  Argia fumipennis (Burmeister): A4, A8, B5, C2,
   C8, D7
  Argia moesta (Hagen): A3, A5, A6, A7, A17,
   B5, B6, B7, C8, D1, D2, D6, D8
  Argia sedula (Hagen): C1, C2
  Argia tibialis (Rambur): A2, A3, A4, A8, A12,
   A13, A16, B3, B5, B6, C1, C6, C10, D9,
   D10, D11
  Enallagma spp.: C1, C4
  Enallagma divagans Selys: A2, A4, A6, A7,
   A8, A9, A12, A16, B1, B2, B4, B5, C1, C2,
   C4, C5, C6, C8, C10, D1, D9, D10, D11
  Ischnura spp.: C1
  Ischnura posita (Hagen): A8, A9, A 11, A16, B4
  Ischnura verticalis (Say): A8, A11, A16

 Family Aeshnidae  Anaxjunius (Drury): A8, C2
  Basiaeschna janata Say: B3, C4, D1, D2, D8
  Boyeria vinosa (Say): A2, A6, A9, A10, A12,
   A13, B5, C2, C3, C5, C7, C10, D7, D9, D10,
   D13
 Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Rambur): C2

 Family Corduliidae
  Somatochlora spp.: D7

 Family Libellulidae
  Libellula spp.: C2
  Plathemis lydia (Drury): A8, B2, C4
  Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen): D2

 Family Macromiidae
  Macromia spp.: A5, A9, B5, D6, D9, D10, D11
  Macromia illinoensis Walsh: B5, D9

 Family Gomphidae
  Dromogomphus spinosus Selys: A4, B2, D1,
   D9, D10
  Dromogomphus spoliatus (Hagen in Selys): A2,
   A3, A6, A9, B5, B6, B7, C5, D2, D8, D9,
   D10
  Erpetogomphus designatus Hagen in Selys: A1,
   A9
  Hagenius brevistylus Selys: C3
  Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Walsh): A6
  Progomphus obscurus Rambur: C4
  Stylogomphus sigmastylus Cook and
   Laudermilk: C3
  Stylurus spiniceps (Walsh): A9, D10

Order Plecoptera (4 families)

 Family Nemouridae
  Shipsa rotunda (Claassen): D10

 Family Perlidae
  Acroneuria abnormis (Newman): A9
  Agnetina flavescens Walsh: D1
  Perlinella drymo (Newman): A7, B6, D5, D10,
  D11

 Family Perlodidae
  Isoperla spp.: D2, D5

 Family Taeniopterygidae
  Taeniopteryx spp.: A1, A2, A9, D6, D10, D12
  Taeniopteryx metequi Ricker and Ross: D10

Order Hemiptera (8 families)

 Family Belostomatidae
  Belostomafluminea Say: A2, A4, A5, A8, A11,
   A13, A16, C2, C4, D4, D7, D11

 Family Corixidae  Hesperocorixa spp.: D11
  Sigara spp.: A8, A10, A11, B7, C7, C9, C10,
   D1, D11
  Trichocorixa calva (Say): A2, A8, A11, A16,
   B2, C8, C10, D1, D3, D6, D11

 Family Gerridae
  Aquarius spp.: A11, A12, B2, B4, D5
  Gerris spp.: A16, B2, B3, B4, C7, D5
  Metrobates hesperius Uhler: A6, B5, C5
  Rheumatobates spp.: A2, A4, C2, C5
  Trepobates inermis-knighti grp.: C4, C6
  Trepobates pictus (Herrich-Schaeffer): B1, B3,
   C1
  Trepobates subnitidus Esaki: B2, C2, C3

 Family Mesoveliidae
  Mesovelia mulsanti White: A12, C4

 Family Nepidae
  Ranatrafusca Palisot: A2, A8, A13

 Family Notonectidae
  Notonecta irrorata Uhler: A11, B3, B4, C10

 Family Pleidae
  Neoplea striola (Fieber): A2, B2, C5

 Family Veliidae
  Microvelia spp.: C7
  Microvelia americana (Uhler): A12, B2, B3,
   B4, C3, C4, C7, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8, D9,
   D12
  Rhagovelia spp.: A16, C6
  Rhagovelia obesa Uhler: A13, A16, A17, B6
  Rhagovelia oriander Parshley: A4, A9, A10,
   A17, B5, B6, B7, C3, C4, C5, C6

Order Megaloptera (2 families)

 Family Corydalidae
  Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus): A17, B7, D2,
   D6, D7, D10
  Chauliodes pectinicornis (Linnaeus): B2
  Nigronia fasciatus (Walker): D3
  Nigronia serricornis (Say): C3, D1, D3, D5,
   D6, D7, D8

 Family Sialidae
  Sialis spp.: B4, C1, C8, C10, D1, D2, D9, D12

Order Trichoptera (9 families)

 Family Brachycentridae
  Brachycentrus numerosus (Say): A9

 Family Hydropsychidae
  Ceratopsyche spp.: A1, A3, A4, A5, A6, A15,
   B5, C4, C6, C7, C10, D10, D11, D13
  Ceratopsyche bronta (Ross): A5, A6, A7, B6,
   B7, C5, C10, D6, D9, D10, D12
  Ceratopsyche cheilonis (Ross): A1, A2, A3, A4,
   A5, A6, A7, A9, A13, A14, A17, B5, B6, B7,
   C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, D6, D9, D10, D12,
   D13
  Ceratopsyche sparna (Ross): A10
  Cheumatopsyche spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
   A7, A9, A14, A15, A16, A17, B1, B2, B6,
   B7, C1, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9, C10, D1,
   D2, D3, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D12, D13
  Hydropsyche spp.: A1, A8, A9, B2, C8, D11
  Hydropsyche aerata Ross: A1, B5
  Hydropsyche betteni-depravata group: A4, A8,
   A10, B2, B3, B7, C4, C8, C9, C10, D3, D11,
   D13
  Hydropsyche dicantha Ross: A1, A3, A5, A6,
   A16, B7, C10, D13
  Hydropsyche frisoni Ross: D11
  Hydropsyche simulans Ross: A9, A13, A15, B2,
   B7

 Family Hydroptilidae
  Agraylea spp.: A9
  Hydroptila spp.: C7

 Family Leptoceridae
  Nectopsyche exquisita (Walker): A6, A13
  Oecetis spp.: A3, A4, B5, D6

 Family Limnephilidae
  Pycnopsyche spp.: A10, D10

 Family Philopotamidae
  Chimarra aterrima (Hagen): C3, C7, D2, D3
  Chimarra obscura (Walker): A1, A2, A3, A6,
   A7, C1, C4, D2, D6, D7, D8, D12

 Family Phyrganeidae
  Ptilostomis spp.: A11, A17, B4, D2

 Family Polycentropodidae
  Cernotina spicata Ross: A17, D9
  Neureclipsis crepuscularis (Walker): A4, A9

 Family Rhyacophilidae
  Rhyacophila lobifera Betten: D2

Order Lepidoptera (1 family)

 Family Pyralidae Crambus spp.: A17, D4
  Petrophila spp.: A1, A2, A4, A6, B5

Order Coleoptera (9 families)

 Family Carabidae
  Stenus spp.: D13

 Family Dryopidae
  Helichus basalis LeConte: C3, D5, D6, D8
  Helichusfastigiatus (Say): D5
  Helichus lithophilus (Germar): A4, A5, A7, B1,
   B2, B5, B6, C1, C3, C4, C6, C7, D4, D8, D9
  Helichus striatus LeConte: A 10

 Family Dytiscidae  Agabus spp.: D5
  Copelatus chevrolati Aube: B1
  Coptotomus interrogatus (Fabricius): A3
  Coptotomus loticus Hilsenhoff: A1, A11, B2
  Hydroporus spp.: A1, A2, A3, A8, A11, A16,
   B2, B4, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, D8
  Ilybius spp.: B4
  Laccophilus spp.: B4
  Laccophilus fasciatus Aube: B4
  Laccophilus maculosus Say: A1, A11, B2, C7,
   C10, D7
  Liodessus affinis (Say): A9, D11

 Family Elmidae
  Dubiraphia spp.: A1, A2, A7, A8, A10, B1, B2,
   B5, C1, C8, C9, C10, D1, D7, D9, D10, D11
  Dubiraphia minima Hilsenhoff: A2, A3, A4,
   A6, A13, A16, B5, C1, C2, C4, C5, D9, D10,
   D11
  Macronychus glabratus (Say): A2, A9, A 13,
   B5, C1, C2, C5, C7
  Optioservus spp.: A4, A6, A10, D12
  Optioservus fastiditus (LeConte): A10
  Optioservus trivittatus (Brown): D12
  Stenelmis spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A6, A7, A15,
   A16, A17, B3, B5, B6, C1, C4, C5, C6, C7,
   C9, C10, D2, D3, D6, D8, D11, D12, D13
  Stenelmis crenata (Say): A4, A15, A17, B5, C1,
   C2, C5, C7, C10, D2, D3, D8, D11
  Stenelmis quadrimaculata Horn: B2
  Stenelmis sexlineata Sanderson: A2, A3, A4,
   A5, A17, B5, C4, C10, D6, D8, D9, D11
  Stenelmis vittipennis Zimmerman: A2, A3, A 16,
   B1, B5, D10

 Family Gyrinidae
  Gyrinus spp.: A10, A11, B4, C2, D9
  Gyrinus maculiventris LeConte: D10

 Family Haliplidae
  Peltodytes duodecimpunctatus (Say): A2, A3,
   A8, A9, A10, A11, A16, B2, B3, C2, C7, C9,
   C10, D7, D8, D9, D11, D12
  Peltodytes edentulus (LeConte): A3, A8, A16,
   D9
  Peltodytes lengi Roberts: A2, A9, A11, B5, C5,
   C8, C9, C10, D1, D2, D7, D8, D11, D12
  Peltodytes sexmaculatus Roberts: A8, B5, D3,
   D11

 Family Hydrophilidae
  Berosus spp.: A1, A2, A4, A8, A14, B6
  Berosus fraternus LeConte: B2
  Berosus pantherinus LeConte: B2
  Enochrus spp.: D9
  Helophorus spp.: A3, A16, D11
  Hydrobius spp.: C7
  Laccobius spp.: C7
  Tropisternus glaber (Herbst): B2, B3, C2, D2

 Family Psephenidae  Ectropia spp.: D1
  Psephenus herricki (De Kay): A17, C3, D1, D2,
    D3, D4, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D12

 Family Scirtidae
  Cyphon spp.: A2, A9, A10, B3, B5, B6, C1, C4,
   D2, D5, D7, D11

Order Diptera (11 families)

 Family Chironomidae
  Subfamily Orthocladiinae
   Tribe Corynoneurini
    Corynoneura spp.: A4, A6, A17, C7, D2, D7,
      D9, D11, D12
   Thienemanniella spp.: A7
   Thienemanniella taurocapita Hestenes and
     Saether: C7
   Theinemanniella xena (Roback): A12, B5

  Tribe Orthocladiini/Metriocnemini:
   Brillia spp.: A4
   Cardiocladius spp.: A3
   Cricotopus/Orthocladius spp.: A1, A2, A3,
    A4, A5, A6, A7, A9, A13, A14, B2, B5,
   B6, B7, C2, C5, C6, C7, C8, C10, D2, D9,
   D10, D11, D13
 Cricotopus trifascia Edwards: A1, A2, A3,
   A6, A7, A13, B5, B6, B7, C7, C8, C10, D9,
   D11
 Diplocladius cultiger Kieffer: D2
 Eukiefferiella spp.: A3, D10
 Hydrobaenus spp.: A17, D7, D11
 Nanocladius spp.: A4
 Parakiefferiella spp.: A3, A4, A5, A6, A7,
  A8, B6, B7, C8, D9, D10
 Psectrocladius spp.: D11, D13
 Rheocricotopus spp.: A13, C3
 Tvetnia spp.: A1, A14, C8

Subfamily Chironominae
 Tribe Chironomini
  Chironomus spp.: A2, A3, A4, A7, B2, B4,
   B6, C6, C7, C9, D7, D9, D10, D11, D13
  Cryptochironomus spp.: A2, A17, B2, B5, B6,
   B7, C5, C9
  Cryptotendipes spp.: B2, C2
  Dicrotendipes spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B2,
   B5, B6, B7, C6, C7, C8, C10, D9, D11, D12
  Glyptotendipes sp.: B2, C7
  Microtendipes spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A6, A8,
   A14, A15, A17, B5, B6, B7, C3, C6, C10,
   D7, D9, D10, D11, D12
  Paracladopelma spp.: B 1
  Paurolaterborniella nigrohalteralis
   (Malloch): A3
  Paratendipes spp.: B1
  Phaenopsectra spp.: A1, A2, A4, A5, A7,
   A14, B7, C1, C6, D13
  Polypedilum spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
   A7, A9, A12, A13, A14, A15, A16, A17,
   B1, B2, B3, B4, B6, B7, C1, C2, C3, C6,
   C7, C10, D6, D12
  Saetheria spp.: A15, C5, C6
  Stictochironomus spp.: A3, A4, A7, A17, B3,
   C5, D7, D10, D11

 Tribe Pseudochironomini
  Pseudochironomus spp.: A3

 Tribe Tanytarsini
  Cladotanytarsus spp.: A3, A5, A6, A7, A15,
   B1, B6, B7, C4, C5, C6, C7, D9, D11
  Neozavrelia spp.: A6
  Paratanytarsus spp.: C2, C6, C8, D9, D10
  Rheotanytarsus spp.: A1, A6, A8, A14, B5,
   B6, B7, C6, C7
  Stempellinella spp.: A4, A7, B5, B7, C6, D11,
   D12
  Subletta spp.: C6
  Subletta coffrnani (Roback): A8
  Tanytarsus spp.: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
   A7, A13, A14, A17, B1, B2, B5, B7, C1,
   C4, C6, C7, C8, C10, D9, D10, D11, D12,
   D13

Subfamily Tanypodinae
 Tribe Procladiini
  Procladius spp.: A12, B2, B5, C7, C9, D10
 Tribe Pentanuerini
  Ablabesmyia spp.: A12
  Ablabesmyia janta (Roback): A3
  Ablabesmyia mallochi (Walley): B2, B5, B6,
   C6, D1
  Labrundinia pilosella (Loew): A3, A6, A9,
   A12, C3, C4, C7
  Paramerina spp.: A2, A4, D12
  Pentaneura spp.: C7
  Telopelopia spp.: A15
  Theinenmannimyia group: A2, A5, A6, A12,
   A13, A14, A15, A17, B2, B5, B6, B7, C5,
   C6, C7, C9, D2, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D12,
   D13
  Zavrelimyia spp.: D8

 Tribe Tanypodini
  Tanypus neopunctipennis Sublette: B2

 Family Athericidae
  Atherix spp.: A9

 Family Ceratopogonidae
  Bezzia-Palpomyia group: D9
  Ceratopogon spp.: B5
  Dasyhela spp.: D9

 Family Culicidae
  Anopheles punctipennis (Say): B2, C4, C7
  Culex spp.: C1

 Family Dixidae
  Dixella spp.: C3, C4, D7, D11

 Family Empididae
  Hemerodromia spp.: A1, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
  A16, B5, B7, C7

 Family Simuliidae
  Simulium spp.: A3, A6, A15, D10
  Simuliumjenningsi Malloch: A1, A3, A13, B7,
   C6
  Simulium tuberosum complex: A4, A15,
   B1, C4
  Simulium venustum complex: D6
  Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt: A3, A4, A5, A6,
    A7, A8, A14, A15, B7, C8, C10, D11

 Family Stratiomyidae
  Nemotelus spp.: D13

 Family Syrphidae
  Helophilus spp.: D12

 Family Tabanidae
  Chrysops spp.: A2, A5, A7, A8, A15, B5, C1,
   C3, C4, C5, C10, D7, D12
  Tabanus spp.: B7, C6, D5, D12

 Family Tipulidae
  Antocha spp.: C7, D10
  Dicranota spp.: D5
  Erioptera spp.: A7, A17
  Hexatoma spp.: A12, C4, C5, C7, C10, D2, D5,
   D12
  Pilaria spp.: C10
  Pseudolimnophila spp.: B2, D7
  Tipula spp.: A4, A10, A17, B7, C1, C7, C8, C9,
   C10, D1, D2, D3, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11,
   D12, D13

Table 4.--Comparison of number of families,
general and species of Ephemeroptera, Odonata,
Plecoptera and Trichoptera collected from the
Wabash River watershed during the present study
to those currently known from Indiana (Hellenthal
et al. 2003).

                              Families   Genera   Species

Ephemeroptera
  Hellenthal et al. (2003)       16        50        143
  Wabash (present study)         10        18         18
  % representation              63%       36%        13%
Odonata
  Hellenthal et al. (2003)       10        47        154
  Wabash (present study)          7        21         26
  % representation              70%       45%        17%
Plecoptera
  Hellenthal et al. (2003)        8        29         71
  Wabash (present study)          4         6          6
  % representation              50%       21%         9%
Trichoptera
  Hellenthal et al. (2003)       16        58        194
  Wabash (present study)          9        14         21
  % representation              56%       24%        11%