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Ammunition Management is Everybody's Business.


The Strikers battalion was going into its second battle during its rotation at the National Training Center (NTC NTC Notice
NTC National Training Center
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
NTC National Transport Commission (Australia)
NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient
NTC Naval Training Center
), Fort Irwin, California. The unit had had time to plan and prepare for its initial encounter with the "Krasnovians." It had considerably less time to plan for this next fight and would no longer have its unit basic load (UBL (Universal Business Language) A format for exchanging data from one XML business language to another. Based on ebXML Core Components, UBL is designed to provide a common language that acts as an intermediate vocabulary so that one XML vocabulary can interoperate with ) as a baseline for ammunition planning.

During the previous six months, the battalion supply officer (S4) had helped prepare the Strikers for the rotation. In addition to the logistics planning and preparation for deployment, the S4 wisely focused on ammunition management during the train-up. Many units had difficulty managing ammunition at the NTC because of a lack of home station training with such large quantities of ammunition.

In conjunction with the S3 and the battalion executive officer (XO), the S4 developed measures and a training plan to solve the battalion's ammunition management shortfalls. Five months before the rotation, the XO, S3, S4 and the battalion fire direction officer (FDO FDO Feature Data Object
FDO Functional Device Object
FDO Flight Dynamics Officer
FDO Fire Direction Officer
FDO Freshman Dean's Office (Harvard University)
FDO Flexible Deterrent Options
FDO Foreningen Danske Olieberedskabslagre
) began revising the ammunition portion of the battalion tactical standing operating procedures Noun 1. standing operating procedure - a prescribed procedure to be followed routinely; "rote memorization has been the educator's standard operating procedure for centuries"
standard operating procedure, standard procedure, SOP
 (TACSOP TACSOP Tactical Standing Operating Procedure ); developing a UBL, ammunition haul plans and standard combat configured loads (CCLs); planning for ammunition during the military decision-making process (MDMP MDMP Military Decision-Making Process
MDMP Million Dollar Mouthpiece
MDMP Mediterranean Dialogue Military Program
); and developing a service support paragraph in the battalion operations order An OPORD or Operations Order is a standardized multiparagraph military order used in the United States military.

Opord 07-10 Operation Ruck up

1. Situation
a. Enemy.
:(1)Weather.


:(2)Terrain.
 (OPORD OPORD Operation/Operational Order ) that included an ammunition distribution plan.

UBL, Haul Plans and CCLs. According to according to
prep.
1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians.

2. In keeping with: according to instructions.

3.
 FM 6-20-1 Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP TTP (thymidine triphosphate): see thymine. ) for the Field Artillery Battalion, the "UBL is that quantity of ammunition authorized and required to be on-hand in a unit to meet combat needs until resupply re·sup·ply  
tr.v. re·sup·plied, re·sup·ply·ing, re·sup·plies
To provide with fresh supplies, as of weapons and ammunition.



re
 can be accomplished."

The group started with the battalion's haul capacity to determine the total amount of ammunition the battalion could carry. Using historical data from previous NTC rotations and Janus exercises, the group calculated how much ammunition the battalion would need to execute an attack or defense. Then the group built the UBL to be able to conduct either mission within the haul capacity.

Before modifying the battalion TACSOP, the S4 reviewed the doctrine on ammunition management in FM 6-20-1 and FM 6-70 TTP for M109A6 Howitzer howitzer: see artillery.  (Paladin Paladin

archetypal gunman who leaves a calling card. [TV: Have Gun, Will Travel in Terrace, I, 341]

See : Wild West
) Operations and the battalion's and other units' NTC take home packets. He then developed a list of the responsibilities of the key players in ammunition management: XO, S3, battalion FDO, S4, battalion ammunition officer (BAO bao (pä·ö),
n preciousness, one of the five virtues in Chinese medicine, for which po is responsible. See also po.

BAO Basal Acid Output, see there
), ammunition platoon sergeant platoon sergeant
n.
The senior noncommissioned officer in an army platoon or comparable unit.
, headquarters/service battery commander, firing battery commander, battery XO/platoon leader, battery/platoon FDO, section chief, ammunition section team chief and palletized loading system (PLS See playlist. )/5-ton chief. (For a list of their responsibilities, see the web site at www.irwin.army.mil/wolf/wolveshome/Default.htm. The job descriptions listed are taken from FM 620-1 and FM 6-70 plus some recommended additions.) What surprised the S4 was the large number of battalion personnel necessary for successful ammunition management--managing ammunition was everybody's business.

Next, the S4 discussed with the S3 and battery commanders a standard ammunition report every 30 minutes and PLS habitually HABITUALLY. Customarily, by habit. or frequent use or practice, or so frequently, as to show a design of repeating the same act. 2 N. S. 622: 1 Mart. Lo. R. 149.
     2.
 being associated with the same firing batteries. The administration and logistics operations center The facility or location on an installation, base, or facility used by the commander to command, control, and coordinate all crisis activities. See also base defense operations center; command center.  (ALOC ALOC Allocate
ALOC Altered Level Of Consciousness
ALOC air lines of communications (US DoD)
ALOC Average Length Of Call (New Global)
ALOC Acceptable Level of Competence
) was the central location for ammunition management. It was easy for the ALOC to track the total battalion ammunition count by consolidating battery reports and incorporating ammunition counts at the combat and field trains. With this information, the S4 could recommend to the S3 movement and cross leveling of ammunition and adjustments to resupply triggers.

The S4 added the standard ammunition report formats and times to the TACSOP. Additionally, the TACSOP had the standardized standardized

pertaining to data that have been submitted to standardization procedures.


standardized morbidity rate
see morbidity rate.

standardized mortality rate
see mortality rate.
 ammunition tracking charts used at the tactical operations center A physical groupment of those elements of a general and special staff concerned with the current tactical operations and the tactical support thereof. Also called TOC. See also command post.  (TOC), ALOC and battalion support operations center (BSOC BSOC Bell Systems Operating Company
BSOC Battery State-of-Charge
BSOC British Schools Orienteering Championships
BSOC Brominated Solvents Committee
BSOC Base Security Operations Center
).

The S4, S3, battalion FDO and BAO developed standard CCLs for the TACSOP. The CCLs were based on mission requirements, haul capacity and flexibility. For example, the family of scatterable mines In land mine warfare, a mine laid without regard to classical pattern and which is designed to be delivered by aircraft, artillery, missile, ground dispenser, or by hand. Once laid, it normally has a limited life. See also mine.  (FASCAM FASCAM Family of Scatterable Mines
FASCAM Field Artillery Scatterable Mines
) CCL 1. CCL - Coral Common LISP.
2. CCL - Computer Control Language. English-like query language based on COLINGO, for IBM 1401 and IBM 1410.
 included 108 remote anti-armor mine systems (RAAMS RAAMS Remote Anti-Armor Mine System ) and 24 area denial artillery munitions Area Denial Artillery Munition (ADAM) is a family of US land mines and 155 mm artillery projectiles.

The mines carried by these projectiles are the M67 long duration anti-personnel mines and M72 short duration anti-personnel landmines.
 (ADAMs), enough to build a 400x400-meter medium-density minefield. The FASCAMCCL contained an additional 56 dual-purpose improved conventional munitions A Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions (DPICM) is an artillery or surface-to-surface missile warhead designed to burst into sub-munitions at an optimum altitude and distance from the desired target for dense area coverage.  (DPICM DPICM dual purpose improved conventional munitions (US DoD) ) to maximize haul capacity. To maintain flexibility, this CCL had six different possible combinations of propellants, ranging from M3A1 (Green Bag) to M119A2 (Red Bag) to a mix of powders in between. (For an example of this CCL, see the web site at www.irwin.army.mil/wolf/wolveshome/Default.htm.)

Home-Station Training. After modifying the TACSOP, the battalion began training. The S3 conducted an officer professional development (OPD OPD

Tape symbol showing either the first transaction of the day in a security after a delayed opening or the opening transaction in a security whose price has experienced a large rise or fall from the previous day's closing price.
) session and NCO NCO
abbr.
noncommissioned officer


NCO noncommissioned officer

NCO n abbr (Mil) (= noncommissioned officer) → Uffz. 
 development program (NCODP NCODP Non-Commissioned Officer Development Program ) to discuss the revisions to the TACSOP. Next, the S3 divided the field training exercises (FTXs) into live-fire and dry-fire portions. During the dry-fire portions, the battalion trained with notional ammunition tracked on paper and primers to replicate live ammunition. The PLS trucks used expended ex·pend  
tr.v. ex·pend·ed, ex·pend·ing, ex·pends
1. To lay out; spend: expending tax revenues on government operations. See Synonyms at spend.

2.
 powder canisters, wood pallets and cardboard boxes cardboard box ncaja de cartón

cardboard box n(boîte f en) carton m

cardboard box card n
 the size of projectile projectile

something thrown forward.


projectile syringe
see blow dart.

projectile vomiting
forceful vomiting, usually without preceding retching, in which the vomitus is thrown well forward.
 pallets to train tie-down procedures and simulate hauling ammunition. The battalion XO used these dry-fire exercises to focus the battalion on ammunition reporting and tracking procedures.

The XO started each Janus exercise with the historical ammunition counts from the battalion's last Janus exercise to conduct ammunition battlefield calculus calculus, branch of mathematics that studies continuously changing quantities. The calculus is characterized by the use of infinite processes, involving passage to a limit—the notion of tending toward, or approaching, an ultimate value.  and maintain a running estimate of the ammo supply. This technique worked the staff's ability to analyze on-hand ammunition against required ammunition by using an action-reaction-counteraction approach to determining ammunition shortfalls. Additionally, the staff had to maintain a running estimate of ammunition expended during battles and ammunition resupply and to account for ammunition losses due to counterfire and air attack. The XO was a demanding leader who kept his staff members on their toes.

Second NTC Battle. The S4 hoped all the training of the past months would pay off in the next NTC battle. The S3 entered the TOC at the NTC with a copy of the brigade's operations order for the second battle--it was a deliberate attack A type of offensive action characterized by preplanned coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to close with and destroy or capture the enemy. . Now was time to conduct battlefield calculus.

Battlefield Calculus. During mission analysis, the unit tailors its ammunition for the mission and then refines the ammunition type and count in the wargaming portion of the MDMP. The XO said some units had tried to resupply up to their original UBL instead of conducting ammunition analysis for each mission. These units would not have had enough special munitions mu·ni·tion  
n.
War materiel, especially weapons and ammunition. Often used in the plural.

tr.v. mu·ni·tioned, mu·ni·tion·ing, mu·ni·tions
To supply with munitions.
 at the decisive point A geographic place, specific key event, critical system, or function that allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy and greatly influence the outcome of an attack. See also centers of gravity.  of the battle. The UBL is generic enough to execute either an attack or defense, but it might not be able to meet all the requirements for a specific mission.

The S4 and the battalion FDO quickly scanned Annex D, the fire support annex, and found six essential fire support tasks (EFSTs) associated with this mission from which the essential FA tasks (EFATs) for each battery are derived. The six EFSTs were disrupt enemy engineer preparation, destroy an infantry strongpoint strong·point  
n.
A military stronghold.
, suppress two motorized mo·tor·ize  
tr.v. mo·tor·ized, mo·tor·iz·ing, mo·tor·iz·es
1. To equip with a motor.

2. To supply with motor-driven vehicles.

3. To provide with automobiles.
 rifle platoons (MRPs) at the zone of penetration, obscure the breach point, neutralize neutralize

to render neutral.
 the combined arms Combined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate different arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects.

Though the lower-echelon units of a combined arms team may be of homogeneous types, a balanced mixture of such units are combined into an
 reserves (CAR) and neutralize the regimental artillery group (RAG). As part of mission analysis, the S3 determined the Strikers battalion was responsible for the first four FESTs. The reinforcing battalion was responsible for neutralizing the RAG; close air support (CAS) would neutralize the CAR.

The battalion FDO consulted his munitions effects tables and determined it would take a battalion six-rounds of DPICM to destroy the infantry strongpoint. It would take a battery three-rounds of DPICM per target to disrupt the engineer prep and to suppress each MRP (Material Requirements Planning) An information system that determines what assemblies must be built and what materials must be procured in order to build a unit of equipment by a certain date. . The battery firing smoke would need 50 M825 rounds to provide a 1,000meter smoke screen for 30 minutes. After a brief discussion with the S3, the battalion FDO calculated the engineer targets and infantry strongpoint would require M119A2 propellants and the remaining targets would require M4A M4A MPEG 4 Audio (audio compression format)
M4A Mpeg4 Audio
2.

While the battalion FDO made his calculations, the S4 called the ALOC to confirm the current ammunition count at the combat and field trains. He verified the battery ammunition counts against what the battalion fire direction center That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. The fire direction center receives target intelligence and requests for fire, and translates them into  (FDC FDC - Floppy Disk Controller ) was tracking. When the FDO completed his analysis, the S4 subtracted the battalion ammunition on-hand from the ammunition the FDO said was required. According to his math, the battalion had plenty of the right type of ammunition for the next fight. When the staff members had completed their analyses of the brigade order, the S3 gathered them to brief the battalion commander In the United States Army and United States Marine Corps, the commanding officer of a battalion is a Battalion Commander. The position is usually held by a lieutenant colonel, although a major can be selected for battalion command in lieu of an available lieutenant colonel. . The commander gave the following ammunition guidance: "The task to disrupt the engineer preparation will take several missions--I would estimate 15 to 20--so you need to take that into account in your planning. Plan to re-attack the infantry strongpoint three or four times to achieve the desired effects The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a commander desires to achieve from a nuclear weapon detonation. Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate, or severe. Casualty effects on personnel may be immediate, prompt, or delayed. . The suppression against the MRPs will be continuous suppression for at least 30 minutes; you might e ven plan for an hour. The breach will take far more than 30 minutes, so plan to provide screening smoke for at least 90 minutes. Although our [direct support] battalion is not responsible for neutralizing the CAR or the RAG, we must be prepared to shoot SEAD SEAD Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
SEAD Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance (Salzburg, Austria)
SEAD Secure Efficient Ad-Hoc Distance Vector (routing protocol)
SEAD Seneca Army Depot
 [suppression of enemy air defenses That activity which neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare. ] and a marking round for CAS.S4, based on these changes, do we still have enough ammunition on-hand to execute our EFATs?"

The S4 and FDO recalculated the ammunition requirements and found the battalion was short 14 battalion-ones of Red Bag and approximately 50 smoke rounds. The S4 then checked his controlled supply rate (CSR (1) (Customer Service Representative) A person who handles a customer's request regarding a bill, account changes or service or merchandise ordered. Agents in call centers are known as CSRs. See call center. ) and concluded there was more than enough ammunition available in the CSR to make up for the current shortfalls to execute the EFATs, and the ammunition could be on-hand in 12 to 24 hours.

The S4 reported the information to the battalion commander and immediately contacted the BAO to get an update on ammunition haul available. The BAO reported that after supplying the batteries and consolidating flat racks, the battalion would have four empty PLS available. The S4 ordered three Killer/Red Bag CCLs and one Smoke/White Bag CCL, asking that a Killer/Red Bag CCL be issued to each firing battery as soon as possible. The BAO knew how to use the standard CCLs in the battalion TACSOP. Although the S4 knew that 'pure" CCLs might not work for every mission, he tried to use them as much as possible. Standard CCLs make ammunition management a little easier.

Resupply Methods and Triggers. Once the S4 started the ammunition resupply moving, he rejoined "Rejoined" is an episode of , the sixth episode of the fourth season.

Quick Overview: Jadzia Dax is reunited with the mate of a former host and the two struggle with their feelings for one another.
 the staff for the course of action (COA (Certificate Of Authenticity) A document that accompanies software which states that it is an original package from the manufacturer. It generally includes a seal with a difficult-to-copy emblem such as a holographic image. ) development phase of the MDMP. The staff developed two different COAs for the next battle. The S4 analyzed each COA to determine the best resupply method. He looked at the amount of ammunition to be resupplied, battery locations compared to the combat ammunition trains location, experience of the ammunition platoon platoon

Principal subdivision of a military company, battery, or troop. Usually commanded by a lieutenant, it consists of 25–50 soldiers organized into two or more squads led by noncommissioned officers.
 and the environmental factors that may affect resupply, such as terrain, weather and light. After careful consideration, he chose to use flat rack exchange points as the optimum method of resupply and plotted potential exchange points for each COA.

With the S3 and battalion FDO, the S4 calculated resupply triggers. They had to answer several questions to develop resupply triggers. How much ammunition is available in each battery, including pre-positioned ammunition and ammunition on trucks? The less ammo in the positions, the lower the number of volleys required to trigger resupply.

How far from the resupply point is each battery, and how long will resupply take? The longer the time for resupply, the lower the number of rounds that triggers resupply.

What is the method of resupply? A unit using flat rack exchanges will want to empty or almost empty a flat track before conducting the exchange.

When does the battalion plan to fire a high volume over a short time? The S4 recalled the battalion almost ran out of propellants in the last fight. He learned to focus more on propellant pro·pel·lant also pro·pel·lent  
n.
1. Something, such as an explosive charge or a rocket fuel, that propels or provides thrust.

2.
 resupply triggers than projectile resupply triggers.

Ammunition Distribution Plan. When the staff finalized See finalization.  its COA, the S4 reviewed the EFAT responsibilities for each battery. Each battery was responsible for a different block of time or phase to engage enemy engineer assets. All batteries would fire a preparation against the infantry strongpoint. A and C Batteries, primarily, would be responsible for providing suppression. Finally, B Battery would provide the smoke screen.

With this information, the S4 continued to develop his ammunition distribution plan. He looked at the on-hand ammunition counts of each battery to see if he needed to cross-level ammunition. Also, he sent word to the BAO to send the smoke flat rack to B Battery. He verified that alternate batteries had enough ammunition on-hand to accomplish at least part of the EFAT, just in case B Battery could not maintain a firing capability during this critical EFAT. For example, C Battery had the alternate responsibility to fire the smoke screen. Although C Battery did not have 90 minutes of smoke on-hand, it did have enough to provide a 60-minute screen or a smaller screen for 90 minutes.

During the action reaction-counteraction sequence of wargaming, the S4 validated his ammunition distribution plan. Along with the FDO, the S4 tracked each mission fired during the wargame. Missions fired accounted for accomplishing the EFATs, re-attacking targets and firing targets of opportunity. He decremented the ammunition from the planned starting point Noun 1. starting point - earliest limiting point
terminus a quo

commencement, get-go, offset, outset, showtime, starting time, beginning, start, kickoff, first - the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew from the
 for each battery, using battlefield calculus (see Figure 1).

The S4 also developed decision points to resupply batteries as the batteries expended their ammunition and recorded them for inclusion in the OPORD's service support paragraph. At the end of the wargame, the S3, S4 and FDO had a clear understanding of the minimum ammunition requirements to support the EFATs to be published in the operations order.

The commander also specified the battery commanders inform him if a battery fell below its minimum determined EFAT ammunition requirement before executing its EFAT. The S3 added this requirement under the commander's critical information requirements Commander's critical information requirements comprise information requirements identified by the commander as being critical in facilitating timely information management and the decision-making process that affect successful mission accomplishment.  (CCIRs) that are part of the FA support plan (FASP FASP Federal Agency Security Practices (NIST)
FASP Florida Association of School Psychologists
FASP Florida Aviation System Plan
FASP Florida Association of Aging Services Providers
FASP Field Ammunition Supply Point
).

After the wargame, the staff began FASP production. The S4 included the ammunition distribution plan in the service support paragraph. The plan included when, in what quantities and where the ammunition platoon would deliver each battery's ammunition; ammunition resupply triggers; resupply methods; locations of resupply points; and the ammunition CCIRs. This gave the BAO all the guidance he needed to deliver the ammunition to the batteries. By publishing a complete ammunition distribution plan, everyone understood the scheme and resupply method.

Ammunition Resupply. Immediately following the first fight, the BAO had gone to the S3 and S4 for guidance on what ammunition to push to the firing batteries during reconsolidation Re`con`sol`i`da´tion   

n. 1. The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.
. Generally, the battalion resupplied the batteries with Killer CCLs of DPICM and White Bag because the batteries always have opportunities to fire them. He exchanged half-empty flat racks at the batteries with full CCL racks of Killer munitions.

The BAO's platoon sergeant supervised the cross leveling and consolidation of ammunition in the combat trains. The platoon sergeant preferred having the same six PLS crews with him at the combat trains. That way, they knew what to expect from him and he knew what to expect from them.

By the time some of the racks had been emptied and all the ammunition consolidated, the S4 contacted the BAO with the ammunition order for the next fight. The BAO then relayed the order to his ammunition platoon representative in the field trains. He also sent instructions to bring the three full flat racks in the field trains forward to the combat trains to exchange for the empty racks and then pick up ammunition requested from the CSR.

When the ammo platoon rep arrived at the combat trains with three full PLS, the BAO found out the time and location for the ammunition draw: 0600 hours at the brigade's ammunition transfer point (ATP ATP: see adenosine triphosphate.
ATP
 in full adenosine triphosphate

Organic compound, substrate in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions (see catalysis) in the cells of animals, plants, and microorganisms.
). The BAO or his platoon sergeant always was present at ammunition draws in case there were complications.

The instructions were to get the Killer/Red Bag ammunition to the batteries as soon as possible, so the ammo platoon sergeant took the loaded flat racks immediately to an exchange point. En route, he contacted the ALOC and reported the total ammunition drawn using the format for tracking the battalion's ammunition (see Figure 2); he also instructed the ALOC to tell each firing battery to send a PLS to the exchange point. As it was, A Battery, the "hot battery," was down to battery-three volleys of Red Bag firing against the enemy engineer preparation targets when its PLS returned with the Killer/Red bag CCL.

When the BAO returned to the combat trains with his copy of the FASP, he immediately gave instructions to the platoon sergeant to have the smoke CCL sent to B Battery. When the ammunition distribution was complete, the BAO and his platoon sergeant rehearsed their soldiers on the routes and actions on contact for the next day's mission. The BAO monitored the firing batteries' ammunition consumption during the battle and prepared for any resupply.

Battery Ammo Management. Meanwhile, the A Battery commander reported to the S4 that he received the ammunition and sent a battery consolidated ammunition report. He instructed his battery XO to continue to track ammunition and report the count every 30 minutes while he developed the battery OPORD.

After digesting the information provided in the service support paragraph, the A Battery commander had a clear understanding of his EFATs and began developing his battery order. He established his battery turret loads by adjusting the standard turret load for the offense in the TACSOP, based on the EFATs his battery was responsible for at that phase of the battle.

He had to decide which battery internal resupply method to use and develop triggers for the ammunition carrier-to-PLS resupply (e.g., methods are separate or mated, and resupply is every 16 volleys of DPICM, eight volleys of Red Bag or 16 volleys of White Bag). He knew initially his counterfire and ground attack threats would below, so the battery would use mated operations and resupply combat ammunition trains to the PLS every 16 rounds during Phase I of the operation. He then adjusted his resupply methods and triggers to equally support the different phases of the operation.

The A Battery commander noticed in the service support paragraph that the battalion ammunition resupply trigger for the battery was 27 volleys. He quickly did the math (six guns x 27 volleys = 162 rounds); he or the XO had to notify the battalion S4 to trigger resupply when the battery fired that many rounds. The battalion then would direct a PLS to move from the combat trains to a designated ATP point to exchange flat racks. Once the flat racks in the battery were empty, the PLS would move to the exchange point for a full CCL from a combat trains PLS.

Understanding that the key issue was propellant, the A Battery commander thought a good overall CCL would be a pure CCL of DPICM/Red Bag triggered to replace what he had fired. However, the PLS currently in his position had a mix of White Bag and Red Bag. He informed the S3 that his resupply trigger must be modified and that firing 10 volleys of Red Bag, based on his on-hand count, should be a trigger, ensuring his battery had Red Bag until it received a pure CCL with Red Bag.

The A Battery commander knew he had to manage the ammunition on the flat racks in complete rounds. He could not allow ammunition carrier crews to take only propellants, which could rapidly cause ammunition accountability problems. Additionally, he developed resupply triggers divisible DIVISIBLE. The susceptibility of being divided.
     2. A contract cannot, in general, be divided in such a manner that an action may be brought, or a right accrue, on a part of it. 2 Penna. R. 454.
 by eight to minimize random numbers of leftover rounds and ensure efficient transfers of ammunition from the flat racks to the ammunition carriers. The PLS crew would then be able to keep ammunition banded and ready for rapid movement.

The battery commander directed his ammunition carrier crews replace one propellant type for another if they removed only propellants from a PLS. The S3 concurred with the battery commander's recommendations and directed the S4 to adjust the resupply trigger for Red Bag based on current CCL configurations.

The A Battery commander also was to be notified immediately about the loss of one of his howitzers, ammunition carriers or PLS, including the amount of ammunition destroyed on that vehicle. He ensured this info was included in the CCIR See ITU.  portion of his order. It was critical to maintain total ammunition accountability at all times to determine if the battery had enough ammunition to service its EFATs. In his OPORD, he directed the battery XO report the consolidated ammunition count every 30 minutes by shell/propellant/fuze and lot for all ammunition carrying vehicles in the position in accordance with battalion formats (see Figure 2).

The A Battery commander learned from his last battle that not having a battery consolidated ammunition count caused poor decisions to be made, re-supply triggers to be missed and the loss of accountability when equipment was destroyed. The battery FDC only had been able to give him a current count of ammunition on the gun line, not the entire position. The battery commander directed his XO to develop a document to account for all battery ammunition by element (see Figure 3).

He then developed a set of battery triggers based on past missions and added this to his battery TACSOP: reporting triggers of 10 volleys of DPICM/White Bag or five volleys of special munitions/Red Bag. He also directed the platoons to report every 25 minutes on the battery net and the XO to forward the consolidated report to the ALOC.

The battalion had enforced the habitual Regular or customary; usual.

A habitual drunkard, for example, is an individual who regularly becomes intoxicated as opposed to a person who drinks infrequently.
 association of specific PLS with a battery, making reporting battery ammo counts easier. That way the PLS drivers became integrated into battery operations and knew key leaders and when to report statuses. They also were familiar with the battery's TACSOP.

The battery XO's habitual relationship with his PLS crews helped him maintain his ammunition count. They knew he wanted an update every 25 minutes, starting at 15 minutes past the hour, so he did not have to constantly ask them for it. The FDC crew also sent their ammunition counts to him in a timely manner. This reporting process helped the XO be proactive in sending his reports to the S4 in the ALOC. As a result, A Battery never went to a red status for ammunition on-hand. At the end of the battle, the battery XO reported to the ALOC that A Battery still had enough ammunition to continue the attack.

The S4's hard work on ammunition planning, preparation and execution in this battle had paid off. He began to collect the information he needed for mission analysis for the next fight to start the ammunition planning and management cycle over.

Everyone from the battalion to battery knew and understood his role and responsibilities in ammunition management. The S4 had developed an ammunition plan early and passed this information on to the executors quickly. He also had refined the plan as the battalion developed the order.

Everyone in the battalion understood the plan and provided feedback on its execution. Everyone reported ammunition levels accurately and often.

The battalion fired more than 300 rounds in the first hour of the battle. The S4 now understood why so many units had difficulties managing ammunition at the NTC. At home station, they typically fired 200 to 300 rounds in a five-day live-fire FTX (Fault Tolerant UNIX) Stratus Computer's version of Unix System V for its XA/R fault tolerant computer systems. See also FTTx.

(operating system) FTX - Stratus' Unix operating system.
.

Major Brent M. Parker is the Combat Trains Trainer on the Werewolf werewolf: see lycanthropy.
werewolf

In European folklore, a man who changes into a wolf at night and devours animals, people, or corpses, returning to human form by day.
 Team at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. He also served as a Fire Support Analyst at the NTC. Among other assignments, he commanded Headquarters and Headquarters Battery and was Assistant Operations Officer for the 1st Battalion, 7th Field Artillery, 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized mech·a·nize  
tr.v. mech·a·nized, mech·a·niz·ing, mech·a·niz·es
1. To equip with machinery: mechanize a factory.

2.
) in Germany, and Brigade Adjutant ADJUTANT. A military officer, attached to every battalion of a regiment. It is his duty to superintend, under his superiors, all matters relating to the ordinary routine of discipline in the regiment.  and Fire Support Officer in G3 Plans at the Combat Maneuver Training Center at Hohenfels, Germany.

Captain Michael J. Philbin is the Battalion Fire Direction Officer Trainer and, before that, Field Trains Trainer on the Werewolf Team at the NTC. He commanded Headquarters and Headquarters Battery and served as Assistant Operations Officer in the 2d Battalion, 82d Field Artillery and Squadron Fire Support Officer for the 1st Squadron, 7th Cavalry, all in theist the·ism  
n.
Belief in the existence of a god or gods, especially belief in a personal God as creator and ruler of the world.



the
 Cavalry Division at Fort Hood Fort Hood, U.S. army post, 209,000 acres (84,580 hectares), central Tex., near Killeen; est. 1942 on the site of old Fort Gates and named for Confederate Gen. John Hood. It is one of the army's largest installations and a major employer of the area. , Texas.
          Example of Battlefield Calculus for Ammunition Purposes
Type      On Hand Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Total Delta
A Battery
HE          93                       6      6    87
DPICM       643     108     72      108    288   355
BBDP        90      36                     36    54
ADAM        12              24             24    -12
RAAMS       48              96             96    -48
CPH         28       2                      2    26
SMK         29              58             58    -29
RAP         76      36                     36    40
GB          180                             0    180
WB          670     110     130     114    354   316
RB          160     62      120            182   -22
B Battery
HE          30                      36     36    -6
DPICM       378     108     108     108    324   54
BBDP        126     36                     36    90
ADAM         0                              0     0
RAAMS        0                              0     0
CPH         24                              0    24
SMK         72                      58     58    14
RAP         43      36                     36     7
GB          162                                  162
WB          322     110     108     144    362   -40
RB          27      62                     62    -35
Legend:
ADAM = Area Denial Artillery Munition
BBDP = Extended-Range DPICM
DPICM = Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition
CPH = Copperhead
GB = Green Bag
HE = High Explosive
RAAMS = Remote Anti-Armor Mines System
RAP = Rocket-Assisted Projectile
RB = Red Bag
SMK = Smoke M825
WB = White Bag
                     Example of a Battalion Ammunition
                              Tracking Sheet
155-mm Ammo DPICM BBDP  HE  RAP  ADAM RAAMS CPH  Illum SMK M835 SMK HC  WP
   DODAC    D563  D864 D544 D579 D502 D509  D510 D505    D528    D506  D550
    CSR      89    12   33   12               1    3       6             6
   Total    1602  216  594  216   24   108   18   54     108      0    108
  A Btry     360  162   60   78              30   12      60            12
  B Btry     360  162   60   78              30   12      60            12
  C Btry     360  162   60   78              30   12      60            12
  FR # 1     50    12             18    96
  FR # 2     50    12             18    96
  FR # 3     120   56
  FR # 4     120   56
  FR # 5     120   56
  FR # 6     120   56
  FR # 7     120   56
  FR # 8     120   56
  FR # 9     120   56
  FR # 10    120   56
  FR # 11    120   56
  FR # 12    120   56
  FR # 13    120   56
  FR # 14    120   56
  FR # 15    120   56
  FR # 16         176
  FR # 17    98    14   64
  FR # 18          14  142   20
  FR # 19              176
  FR # 20              100   76
  FR # 21     6              94   12    24                40
   Total    2844  1442 662  424   48   216   90   36     220      0     36
155-mm Ammo GB M3A1 WB M4A2 RB M119 Chg 7 RB M203 Chg 8 Total Rds
   DODAC     D540    D541       D533          D532
    CSR        46     61          34            26         162
   Total      828    1098        612           468        3048
  A Btry       80     258        258           178         774
  B Btry       80     258        258           178         774
  C Btry       80     258        258           178         774
  FR # 1              118         58                       176
  FR # 2              118         58                       176
  FR # 3              118         58                       176
  FR # 4              118         58                       176
  FR # 5              118         58                       176
  FR # 6              118         58                       176
  FR # 7                         150            26         176
  FR # 8                         150            26         176
  FR # 9                         150            26         176
  FR # 10                        150            26         176
  FR # 11             176                                  176
  FR # 12             176                                  176
  FR # 13             118         58                       176
  FR # 14             118         58                       176
  FR # 15                        100            76         176
  FR # 16                                      176         176
  FR # 17              48         32            96         176
  FR # 18              48         32            96         176
  FR # 19                                      176         176
  FR # 20              48         42            86         176
  FR # 21                                      176         176
   Total      240    2214       2044          1520        6018
155-mm Ammo Total Propellant
   DODAC
    CSR           167
   Total         3006
  A Btry          774
  B Btry          774
  C Btry          774
  FR # 1          176
  FR # 2          176
  FR # 3          176
  FR # 4          176
  FR # 5          176
  FR # 6          176
  FR # 7          176
  FR # 8          176
  FR # 9          176
  FR # 10         176
  FR # 11         176
  FR # 12         176
  FR # 13         176
  FR # 14         176
  FR # 15         176
  FR # 16         176
  FR # 17         176
  FR # 18         176
  FR # 19         176
  FR # 20         176
  FR # 21         176
   Total         6018
Legend:
Chg = Change
CSR = Controlled Supply Rate
DODAC = Department of Defense
Ammunition Code
FR = Flat Rack (of Ammo)
Illum = Illumination
SMK HC = Smoke HexaClorathan
WP = White Phosphorous
Battery Ammunition Tracking by Guns, FA Ammunition Supply Vehicles
(FAASV's)
155-mm Ammo DPICM BBDP  HE  RAP  ADAM RAAMS CPH  Illum SMK M835 SMK HC  WP
DODAC       D563  D864 D544 D579 D502 D509  D510 D505    D528    D506  D550
CSR          89    12   33   12              1     3      6             6
Total       1602  216  594  216   24   108   18   54     108      0    108
Gun 1        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 1      48    10        10   4    18    3
Gun 2        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 2      48    10        10   4    18    3
Gun 3        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 3      48    10        10   4    18    3
Gun 4        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 4      48    10        10   4    18    3
Gun 5        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 5      48    10        10   4    18    3
Gun 6        15    4    6                    2     2      8             2
FAASV 6      48    10        10   4    18    3
FR #13       176
FR #14       176
FR #15             76                                    100
Total        730  160   36   60   24   108   30   12     148      0     12
155-mm Ammo GB 2M3A1 WB M4A2 RB M118 Chg 7 RB M203 Chg 8 Total Rds
DODAC        D540    D541       D533          D532
CSR           46      61         34            26          162
Total         828    1098        612           468        3048
Gun 1                 25         14                        39
FAASV 1       10      40         25            18          93
Gun 2                 25         14                        39
FAASV 2       10      40         25            18          93
Gun 3                 25         14                        39
FAASV 3       10      40         25            18          93
Gun 4                 25         14                        39
FAASV 4       10      40         25            18          93
Gun 5                 25         14                        39
FAASV 5       10      40         25            18          93
Gun 6                 25         14                        39
FAASV 6       10      40         25            18          93
FR #13                176                                  176
FR #14                           176                       176
FR #15                           100           76          176
Total         60      566        510           184        1320
155-mm Ammo Total Propellant
DODAC
CSR               167
Total             3006
Gun 1              39
FAASV 1            93
Gun 2              39
FAASV 2            93
Gun 3              39
FAASV 3            93
Gun 4              39
FAASV 4            93
Gun 5              39
FAASV 5            93
Gun 6              39
FAASV 6            93
FR #13            176
FR #14            176
FR #15            176
Total             1320
COPYRIGHT 2001 U.S. Field Artillery Association
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2001, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

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Author:Philbin, Michael J.
Publication:FA Journal
Article Type:Brief Article
Geographic Code:1USA
Date:Jan 1, 2001
Words:5008
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