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African Union: update on progress.


The AU came into being when two thirds of the members of the former Organisation of African Unity “OUA” redirects here. For the Ontario University Athletics governing body, see Ontario University Athletics.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) or Organisation de l'Unité Africaine (OUA) was established on May 25, 1963.
 (OAU OAU
abbr.
Organization of African Unity

OAU n abbr (= Organization of African Unity) → OUA f

OAU n abbr (= Organization of African Unity
) signed the Constitutive constitutive /con·sti·tu·tive/ (kon-stich´u-tiv) produced constantly or in fixed amounts, regardless of environmental conditions or demand.  Act of the AU in July 2001, The AU was formally launched in Durban, South Africa South Africa, Afrikaans Suid-Afrika, officially Republic of South Africa, republic (2005 est. pop. 44,344,000), 471,442 sq mi (1,221,037 sq km), S Africa.  in July 2002, replacing the OAU. One of the key differences between the AU and the OAU is that the AU is conceived as a union of peoples rather than the leaders of Africa. Women were virtually absent from the former OAU, holding no positions of influence within the OAU during its 39 years of existence. A notable departure from the OAU is therefore the inclusion of principles of democracy, gender equality, good governance The terms governance and good governance are increasingly being used in development literature. Governance describes the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). , human rights and the rule of law in the Constitutive Act. Building on those principles, pan-African Networks: Abantu for Development, African Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), the African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS ACDHRS African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies ), the African Leadership Forum (ALF ALF - Algebraic Logic Functional language ), Akina Mama was Afrika, Equality Now Equality Now is a non-governmental organization that works to protect the human rights of women around the world. The group provides an international framework for spreading awareness of issues and providing support to local grassroots groups working to address issues of concern to , the Federation of African Women in Education (FAWE a. 1. Fain; glad; delighted. ), Femme femme  
adj.
Slang Exhibiting stereotypical or exaggerated feminine traits. Used especially of lesbians and gay men.

n.
1. Slang One who is femme.

2. Informal A woman or girl.
 Africa Solidarite (FAS), the Forum for Community Development (FDC FDC - Floppy Disk Controller ), Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF) and the African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) have been lobbying member states of the African Union African Union (AU), international organization established in 2002 by the nations of the former Organization of African Unity (OAU). The AU is the successor organization to the OAU, with greater powers to promote African economic, social, and political integration,  to mainstream gender in all structures of the AU.

The networks met and organised from 2002, resulting in the Durban Declaration Not to be confused with The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action.

The Durban declaration was a statement signed by over 5,000 physicians and scientists at the 2000 International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, affirming that HIV is the cause of AIDS.
 (2002), the Dakar Strategy (2003) and the Maputo Declaration (2003). The Durban declaration resulted in the adoption of a gender parity proposal for the AU Commission by the Heads of State and Government. The Dakar Strategy and the Maputo Declaration proposed further recommendations for gender mainstreaming and women's political participation in all structures of the AU and it's specialised mechanisms.

As a result of advocacy by the networks the following achievements have been made. The First Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State of the AU in 2002 recognised the contributions of African women and CSOs. The Assembly affirmed the pivotal role of women and recognised that the objectives of the AU could not be achieved without the full involvement and participation of women at all its levels and in all its structures. It therefore called on the African women's movement women's movement: see feminism; woman suffrage.
women's movement

Diverse social movement, largely based in the U.S., seeking equal rights and opportunities for women in their economic activities, personal lives, and politics.
 to participate in the regeneration of the African continent through the AU.

The Assembly also made a number of decisions to advance the mainstreaming of gender in the AU. The Commission of the AU, which will drive the agenda of the AU, will have 50 percent representation of women. Noting that gender cuts across all the portfolios of the Commission, the Assembly approved the creation of a Gender Promotion Directorate in the Office of the Chairperson to coordinate all activities and programmes of the Commission. It was further agreed that the recruitment of senior administrative, professional and technical staff of the Commission must uphold the principle of gender equality.

The Second Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State of the AU in 2003 implemented the decision on election of commissioners taken in 2002 and elected five women to the AU's Commission, including Saida Agrebi Saida Agrebi (b. January 22, 1945 in Tunisia) is a member of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of the African Union, representing North Africa. She also sits on the Pan-African Parliament representing Tunisia.  of Tunisia Commissioner Human Resources The fancy word for "people." The human resources department within an organization, years ago known as the "personnel department," manages the administrative aspects of the employees.  Science and Technology, Bience Philomina Gawanas of Namibia Commissioner Social Affairs, Julia Dolly Joiner Julia Dolly Joiner (November 11, 1956 Banjul, Gambia) is a Gambian politician. She is Commissioner of Political Affairs for the African Union, based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  of the Gambia Commissioner Political Affairs Political Affairs has several meanings:
  • Political Affairs Magazine, the national magazine published by the Communist Party of the United States
  • In the US government, the Senior Advisor to the President on Political Affairs
, Rosebud Kurwijila Rosebud Kurwijila, of Tanzania, is the African Union's Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculuture. She previously had been Program Development Coordinator for ACTIONAID in Tanzania. External link
Rosebud Kurwijila bio
 of Tanzania Commissioner Rural Economy and Agriculture and Elisabeth Tankeu of Cameroon Commissioner Trade and Industry. The Assembly also adopted the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (also known as the Banjul Charter) is an international human rights instrument that seeks to promote and protect human rights and basic freedoms in the African continent.  on the Rights of Women in Africa.

However, although women's political participation has improved at the level of the AU's Commission and the Assembly has approved the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the following challenges with respect to gender mainstreaming in the AU have to be addressed through partnerships within the African women's movement and between the African women's movement, other pan-African CSOs and African governments.

First, for African women to realise their human rights, African CSOs have to lobby governments to ratify, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa to ensure its speedy implementation. Efforts should be intensified to ensure that the minimum numbers of ratifications required for the establishment of the

African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights is a regional court that rules on African Union states' compliance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.  are obtained.

Second, the Constitutive Act includes provisions for the establishment of a pan-African Parliament as a means to ensure peoples' participation in the AU. The AU Protocol to the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community The African Economic Community (abbreviated AEC) is an organization of African Union states establishing grounds for mutual economic development among the majority of African states.  Relating to the pan-African Parliament says that each country shall be represented by five members from national parliaments of other deliberative de·lib·er·a·tive  
adj.
1. Assembled or organized for deliberation or debate: a deliberative legislature.

2. Characterized by or for use in deliberation or debate.
 organs. It further stipulates that at least one woman from every country shall be represented in the proposed pan-African Parliament. Although the Protocol is yet to come into force, the provisions for women's participation falls below the 30 per cent standard provided for in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (PFA PFA Pacific Film Archive
PFA Professional Footballers Association
PFA Paraformaldehyde
PFA Predictive Failure Analysis
PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
PFA Protection From Abuse
PFA Parent-Faculty Association
PFA Popular Flying Association
) acceded to by most African countries. As African women constitute more than 50 per cent of Africa's population, there is need to ensure that they constitute 50 per cent of the pan-African parliamentarians.

Third, the Constitutive Act allows for the creation of an Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC ECOSOCC Economic, Social and Cultural Council (of the African Union) ), through which African CSOs will have the right to participate in the affairs of the AU. A provisional working group of CSOs, including African women's organisations and networks, has drafted the Statutes of ECOSOCC, meaning that a consistent, fair and open process is likely to be the result. The draft Statutes call for 50 per cent representation of women at all levels of ECOSOCC. There is need to enhance the capacity of African women's organisations and networks to use the ECOSOCC to input into all the affairs and business of the AU. Fourth, the AU Assembly of Heads of States and Government in 2002 established a Peace and

Security Commission (PSC (Public Service Commission) Same as PUC. ) as the decision-making organ for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts. Although the PSC has not come into force, it is not clear how gender will be mainstreamed into its structure and activities. The OAU's African Women's Committee on Peace and Development is unmentioned and its status in relation to the PSC remains contested and unknown. As African women bear the brunt of conflict in Africa, it has been suggested that African women constitute the proposed Panel of the Wise that will support the PSC.

Fifth, the AU has created a Gender Promotion Directorate in the Office of the Chairperson to coordinate all activities and programmes of the Commission. However, the AU is yet to develop a Gender Declaration and Policy to ensure the systematic integration of gender in all its programmes and activities. There is also need to ensure that the Directorate gets the requisite human and financial resources to realise its mandate. Linkages between the Directorate and African CSOs are of critical importance and thus the need to intensify lobbying on the establishment of a Specialised Technical Committee (STC STC Supplemental Type Certificate (FAA)
STC Society for Technical Communication
STC Subject to Change
STC Surf the Channel (website)
STC Sound Transmission Class
STC Singapore Turf Club
) on Gender under Article 14 of the Constitutive Act of the AU.

The fact that the Assembly has implemented 50 per cent representation for women does not mean that it is these female Commissioners who will be charged with responsibility for mainstreaming gender in the African Union. While ultimate responsibility for promoting gender equality in the Union rests on the Chairperson, the Deputy Chairperson, Commissioners, senior management and officers will all be assessed on the basis of their gender performance. They will, of course, have technical backstopping from the Gender Directorate under office of the Chairperson, that will service gender mainstreaming in the seventeen organs of the Union.

Too often we have complained that the continental body excludes popular participation. Now we have an opportunity to change that. The gauntlet has been thrown out. We cannot afford to be found wanting at this crucial historic juncture. We have to rise up to the challenges noted above and ensure that we make our contribution as CSOs. If we make use of this opportunity that has been created by the Assembly, the Africa of the twenty- first century will be an Africa that truly belongs to all her children, men, women, boys and girls boys and girls

mercurialisannua.
, an Africa that benefits from all the incredible potential that resides in all her human resources.

Mary Wandia is a Documentalist doc·u·ment·al·ist  
n.
A specialist in documentation.
 with FEMNET; she also works with the advocacy programme.

L'institution de I'UA survient apres la signature, en juillet 2001, de I'Acte Constitutif par les deux tiers des membres de la defunte Organisation de I'Unite Africaine (OUA). Une annee plus tard, en juillet 2002, I'UA a ete officiellement lancee a Durban, en Afrique du Sud, en remplacement de I'OUA. Lune des differences cle entre I'UA et I'OUA est que I'UA est concue comme union des peuples africains et non ET NON. And not. These words are sometimes employed in pleading to convey a pointed denial. They have the same effect as without this, absque hoe. 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2981, note.  celle Celle (tsĕl`ə), city (1994 pop. 73,670), Lower Saxony, N Germany, on the Aller River. Its manufactures include food products, electronic components, chemicals, and textiles. Wax processing and horse breeding are important locally.  des leaders africains.

Les femmes etaient tout a fait absentes des structures de l'ancienne OUA, n'occupant aucun poste d'influence dans I'OUA pendant ses 39 ans d'existence. Une grande difference entre I'OUA et I'UA est donc l'inclusion des principes de democratie, d'egalite de genre, de bonne n. 1. A female servant charged with the care of a young child.  gouvernance, des droits de l'homme et de l'autorite de la loi dans I'Acte Constitutif.

Sur la base de ces principes, des reseaux pan-africains tels que Abantu for Development, African Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS), African Leadership Forum (ALF), Akina Mama wa Afrika, Equality Now, Federation of African Women in Education (FAWE), Femme Afrique Solidarite (FAS), Forum for Community Development (FDC), Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF) et le Reseau ré·seau or re·seau  
n. pl. réseaus or réseaux
1. A net or mesh foundation for lace.

2. Astronomy
 de developpement et de Communication des Femmes Africaines (FEMNET) s'emploient a militer aupres des etats membres pour recentrer le genre dans toutes les structures de I'UA.

Depuis 2002 ces reseaux travaillent de maniere concertee et leurs travaux ont abouti a la Declaration de Durban (2002), la Strategie de Dakar (2003) et la Declaration de Maputo (2003). La declaration de Durban s'est materialisee par l'adoption d'une proposition sur la parite de genre pour la Commission de I'UA par les chefs d'Etats et de gouvernements. La strategie de Dakar et la declaration de Maputo font des recommandations supplementaires en vue du recentrage de genre et de la participation politique des femmes dans toutes les structures de I'UA et de ses mecanismes specialises.

A travers les activites de plaidoyer, les succes suivants ont ete accomplis: La Premiere Session Ordinaire de l'Assemblee des Chefs d'Etats de I'UA a, en 2002, reconnu les contributions des femmes africaines et des OCS OCS - Object Compatibility Standard . L'Assemblee a affirme le role de pivot joue par les femmes et reconnu que la realisation des objectifs de I'UA n'etait pas possible sans la pleine participation des femmes a tous ses niveaux et dans toutes ses structures. Elle a donc fait au mouvement de la femme africaine l'appel de participer dans la regeneration du continent africain a l'aide I'UA.

L'Assemblee a aussi pris un certain nombre de decisions afin d'avancer le recentrage de genre dans I'UA. La commission de I'UA, qui determinera l'ordre du jour de I'UA, sera compose de 50 % de femmes. Puisque le genre est une question transversale de tous les portefeuilles et programmes de la commission, l'Assemblee a approuve la creation d'une direction pour la Promotion de Genre au bureau de la Presidente pour coordonner toutes les activites et tous les programmes de la Commission, II a aussi ete convenu de recruter des cadres professionnels et techniques au niveau de l'administration de la Commission qui puisse tenir haut le principe de l'egalite de genre.

En 2003, la deuxieme session ordinaire de l'Aseemblee des chefs d'Etats de I'UA a procede a mis en oeuvre la decision relative a l'election des commissaires et prise en 2002, en elisant cinq femmes a la Commission de I'U.A., parmi lesquelles Mme Saida Agrebi de Tunisie, Commissaire Commissaire may refer to:
  • Commissaire (cycling), an official in competitive cycle sport, analogulous to a referee or judge
  • The French word for commissioner
 aux Affaires Humaines, Scientifiques et Technologiques ; Mme Bience Philomene Gawanas de Namibie, Commissaire des Affaires Sociales ; Mme Julia Dolly Joiner de Gambie, Commissaire aux Affaires Politiques ; Mme Rosebud Kurwijila de Tanzanie, Commissaire de l'Economie et l'Agriculture Rurales ; Mme Elisabeth Tankeu, Commissaire du Commerce et de l'Industrie. L'Assemblee a aussi adopte le Protocole a la Charte Africaine sur les droits de l'homme relatifs a la femme africaine.

Cependant, malgre l'amelioration de la perticipation politique des femmes africaines au niveau de la Commission de I'UA et l'approbation du Protocole a la Charte Africaine des Droits de l'homme et des peuples sur les droits de la femme africaine, les defis du recentrage de genre devraient etre releves au moyen de partenariats au sein du mouvement feminin africain, tels que des partenariats entre le mouvement africain, d'autres organisations panafricaines de la societe civile, et des gouvernements africains.

Tout d'abord, pour permettre aux femmes africaines de realiser leurs droits humains, les organisations de la societe civile devraient faire pression sur les gouvernements pour qu'ils ratifient le Protocole sur la Charte Africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples relatifs aux droits de la femme africaine pour assurer sa mise en oeuvre expeditive. En vue de son interpretation, il faudrait intensifier in·ten·si·fi·er  
n. Grammar
See intensive.


intensifier
Noun

a word, esp. an adjective or adverb, that intensifies the meaning of the word or phrase that it modifies, for example, very
 des efforts visant le nombre minimum de ratifications requis pour l'institution d'une Cour Africaine sur les Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples. Deuxiemement, I'Acte Constitutif comprend des provisions en vue de l'institution d'un Parlement panafricain comme moyen d'assurer la participation des peuples dans I'UA. Le Protocole de I'UA au Traite instituant la Communaute Economique Africaine sur le Parlement panafricain dispose que chaque pays sera represente par cinq membres de parlements nationaux ou d'autres organes deliberants. II stipule aussi qu'au moins une femme de chaque pays sera representee dans ledit Parlement panafricain. Bien que le Protocole he soit pas encore mis en vigueur, les provisions de la participation des femmes ne respectent pas la norme de 30 pour cent de la representation des femmes telle qu'elle est prevue dans la Declaration et la Plate forme forme (form) pl. formes   [Fr.] form.

forme fruste  (froost) pl. formes frustes   an atypical, especially a mild or incomplete, form, as of a disease.
 d'Action de Pekin Pekin (pē`kĭn), city (1990 pop. 32,254), seat of Tazewell co., central Ill., a port on the Illinois River; inc. 1839. A processing, rail, and shipping point in a grain, livestock, and dairying area, Pekin has a large food industry.  laquelle plusieurs pays africains ont adhere. Les femmes africaines constituant plus de 50 pour cent de la population africaine, ii est absolument necessaire qu'elles occupent 50 pour cent des parlements africains.

Troisiemement, l'Acte Constitutif a permit la creation du Conseil Economique et Social (ECOSOC), au moyen duquel les OCS auront le droit de participer aux affaires de I'UA. Un groupe provisoire des OCS qui comprenait des organisations et reseaux de femmes africaines, a redige le pro jet des Statuts du Conseil Economique et Social, ce qui implique qu'un processus juste, ouvert et transparent pourrait s'en suivre. Le projet de Statuts du Conseil Economique et Social recommande la representation de 50 % de femmes & tous les niveaux du Conseil Economique et Social. II est absolument necessaire d'augmenter la capacite des organisations et des reseaux des femmes africaines en ce qui concerne l'utilite du Conseil Economique et Social pour faire des apports dans toutes les affaires de I'UA.

Quatriemement, l'Assemblee des chefs d'Etats et de gouvernements de I'UA a, en 2002, etablit une Commission de la Paix et Securite comme l'organe central de prise de decision pour la prevention, l'administration et la resolution de conflits. Bien que le PSC ne soit pas encore entre en vigueur, l'on ne sait pas encore comment le recentrage de genre se produirait dans sa structure et sea activites. Le Comite des Femmes Africaines sur la Paix et le Developpement n'est pas mentionne son Statut en ce qui concerne le PSC et il reste conteste et meconnu, car les femmes africaines endurent le plus dur des conflits en Afrique. II a donc ete suggere que les femmes africaines fassent partie du Panel des Sages qui supportera le PSC. Cinquiemement, I'UA a cree une Direction pour la Promotion de Genre au bureau de la Presidente. Cette direction coordonnera toutes les activites et programmes de la Commission. Cependant, I'UA n'a pas encore elabore une Politique et Declaration sur le Genre pour essurer le recentrage systematique du genre dans tous ses programmes et activites. L'est aussi absolument necessaire de veiller & ce que la Direction dispose de ressources financieres et humaines requises pour la realisation de son mandat. Des liens entre la Direction et les OSC O.S.C. n. short for Order to Show Cause. (See: Order to Show Cause)  africaines sont absolument importantes, d'ou la necessite d'intenaifier le lobby en faveur de l'institution d'un Comite Technique Specialise sur le Ganre sous l'article 14 de l'Acte Constitutif de I'UA. La mise en vigueur de la representation de 50 % de femmes dans l'Assemblee n'implique pas que ce sont ces femmes Commissaires qui seront chargees du recentrage de genre dans I'UA. Bien que cette responsabilite incombe a la Presidente, la Vice-Presidente, lea Commissaires, les cadres superieurs et les responsables seront neanmoins evalues par rapport leur performance. Bien sur qu'ils auront du support technique de la Direction de genre supervise par le bureau de la Presidente, et c'est ainsi que sera assure le recentrage de genre dans les 17 organes de l'Union.

Generalement, nous nous sommes plaints de ce que ce corps continental exclut la participation populaire. Nous avons desormais la possibilite de changer Changer

The name given to a clearing member that is willing to assume the opposite position of a futures contract within a larger alternative exchange, of which it also is a clearing member.
 cela. Le defi est devant nous et nous ne devons pas negliger de le relever en ce moment historique crucial. II nous faut etre a la hauteur hauteur

machine-estimated mean fiber length in a top of wool; the basis for the pricing of tops.
 de tous les defis soulignes plus haut et faire absolument nos apports en tant qu'OCS. Si nous saisissons cette occasion qui nous est offerte par l'Assemblee, l'Afrique du vingt et unieme siecle appartiendra vraiment & tous sea enfants, hommes, femmes garcons et filles, et cette Afrique est celle qui beneficiera de tout l'enorme potentiel de toutes ses ressources humaines.

Mary Wandia est documentaliste au Reseau de Developpement et de Communication des Femmes Africaines (FEMNET) et travaille aussi dans le programme de plaidoyer.
COPYRIGHT 2003 African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET)
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2003, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

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Author:Wandia, Mary
Publication:Femnet News
Date:May 1, 2003
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