Africa.Ethnic conflict in the Darfur Darfur (där`f  r), region and former sultanate, W Sudan. The region is mountainous, dominated by the central massif of Jebel Marra, which rises to 10,130 ft (3,088 m). region of SUDAN Sudan (sdăn`), officially Republic of Sudan, republic (2005 est. pop. 40,187,000), 967,494 sq mi (2,505,813 sq km), NE Africa. , where Arab militias
are attacking black villages, has led to the deaths of 200,000 civilian CIVILIAN. A doctor, professor, or student of the civil law. and turned 2 million more into refugees Individuals who leave their native country for social, political, or religious reasons, or who are forced to leave as a result of any type of disaster, including war, political upheaval, and famine. . The Arab-dominated government
has refused to allow U.N. troops into Sudan to stop what President Bush
and other world leaders For a list of heads of state, see .World leaders is a MMORPG. The game involves creating a state, joining an alliance and going into war. It is mostly played by players from Israel, China, USA, Britain, Brazil and Saudi-Arabia. have called genocide genocide, in international law, the intentional and systematic destruction, wholly or in part, by a government of a national, racial, religious, or ethnic group. . Across the continent continent, largest unit of landmasses on the earth. The continents include Eurasia (conventionally regarded as two continents, Europe and Asia), Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica. , high rates of H.I.V./ AIDS infection threaten Africa's future. In SWAZILAND Swaziland (swä`zēlănd), officially Kingdom of Swaziland, kingdom (2005 est. pop. 1,174,000), 6,705 sq mi (17,366 sq km), SE Africa. It is bordered on the S, W, and N by the Republic of South Africa and on the E by Mozambique. , one in three people are infected in·fect tr.v. in·fect·ed, in·fect·ing, in·fects 1. To contaminate with a pathogenic microorganism or agent. 2. To communicate a pathogen or disease to. 3. To invade and produce infection in. . A decade after the end of apartheid apartheid (əpärt`hīt) [Afrik.,=apartness], system of racial segregation peculiar to the Republic of South Africa, the legal basis of which was largely repealed in 1991–92. , SOUTH AFRICA South Africa, Afrikaans Suid-Afrika, officially Republic of South Africa, republic (2005 est. pop. 44,344,000), 471,442 sq mi (1,221,037 sq km), S Africa. remains the continent's economic superpower. Johannesburg Johannesburg (jōhăn`ĭsbörg', yōhä`nəsbörkh'), city (1991 pop. 1,574,631), Gauteng, NE South Africa, on the southern slopes of the Witwatersrand at an altitude of 5,750 ft (1,753 m). is the financial of South Africa. With its one-robust economy in tatters tat·ter 1 n. 1. A torn and hanging piece of cloth; a shred. 2. tatters Torn and ragged clothing; rags. tr. & intr.v. , ZIMBABWE'S President Robert Mugabe Mugabe redirects here. For other uses, see Mugabe (disambiguation). Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born on February 21, 1924) is the President of Zimbabwe.[1] He has been the head of government in Zimbabwe since 1980, first as Prime Minister[2] is coming under pressure, at home and abroad, to stop human rights abuses and restore democratic freedoms.
AFRICA
URBAN
AREA (SQ MI) POP. %
POP. RISE
COUNTRY POPULATION %/YEAR CAPITAL
ALGERIA 919,591 49 ALGIERS
33,500,000 1.7
ANGOLA 481,351 33 LUANDA
15,800,000 2.6
BENIN 43,483 40 PORTO-NOVO
8,700,000 2.9
BOTSWANA 224,606 54 GABORONE
1,800,000 -0.1
BURKINA FASO 105,792 16 OUAGADOUGOU
13,600,000 2.5
BURUNDI 10,745 9 BUJUMBURA
7,800,000 2.7
CAMEROON 183,568 53 YAOUNDE
17,300,000 2.3
CAPE VERDE 1,556 55 PRAIA
500,000 2.5
CENTRAL AFRICAN 240,533 41 BANGUI
REPUBLIC 4,300,000 1.7
CHAD 495,753 24 N'DJAMENA
10,000,000 2.8
COMOROS 861 33 MORONI
700,000 2.9
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC 905,351 30
REPUBLIC OF 62,700,000 3.1 KINSHASA
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF 132,046 52 BRAZZAVILLE
3,700,000 2.6
COTE D'IVOIRE 124,502 47 YAMOUSSOUKRO
(IVORY COAST) 19,700,000 2.5
DJIBOUTI 8,958 82 DJIBOUTI
800,000 1.9
EGYPT (2) 386,660 43 CAIRO
75,400,000 2.1
EQUATORIAL GUINEA 10,830 39 MALABO
500,000 2.3
ERITREA 45,405 19 ASMARA
4,600,000 2.8
ETHIOPIA 426,371 15 ADDIS ABABA
74,800,000 2.4
GABON 103,347 81 LIBREVILLE
1,400,000 2.0
GAMBIA 4,363 50 BANJUL
1,500,000 2.7
GHANA 92,100 44 ACCRA
22,600,000 2.3
GUINEA 94,927 30 CONAKRY
9,800,000 2.8
GUINEA-BISSAU 13,946 48 BISSAU
1,400,000 3.0
KENYA 224,081 36 NAIROBI
34,700,000 2.5
LESOTHO 11,718 13 MASERU
1,800,000 0.3
LIBERIA 43,000 45 MONROVIA
3,400,000 2.9
LIBYA 679,359 86 TRIPOLI
5,900,000 2.4
MADAGASCAR 226,656 26 ANTANANARIVO
17,800,000 2.7
MALAWI 45,745 14 LILONGWE
12,800,000 2.6
MALI 478,838 30 BAMAKO
13,900,000 3.2
MAURITANIA 395,954 40 NOUAKCHOTT
3,200,000 2.8
MAURITIUS 788 42 PORT
1,300,000 0.8 LOUIS
MOROCCO 172,413 55 RABAT
31,700,000 1.6
MOZAMBIQUE 309,494 32 MAPUTO
19,900,000 2.0
NAMIBIA 318,259 33 WINDHOEK
2,100,000 1.4
NIGER 489,189 21 NIAMEY
14,400,000 3.4
NIGERIA 356,668 44 ABUJA
134,500,000 2.4
RWANDA 10,170 17 KIGALI
9,100,000 2.7
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 371 38 SAO TOME
200,000 2.5
SENEGAL 75,954 45 DAKAR
11,900,000 2.9
SEYCHELLES 174 50 VICTORIA
100,000 1.0
SIERRA LEONE 27,699 36 FREETOWN
5,700,000 2.3
SOMALIA 246,201 34 MOGADISHU
8,900,000 2.9
SOUTH AFRICA 471,444 53 CAPE TOWN,
47,300,000 0.5 PRETORIA &
BLOEMFONTEIN
SUDAN 967,494 36 KHARTOUM
41,200,000 2.6
SWAZILAND 6,703 23 MBABANE &
1,100,000 0.1 LOBAMBA
TANZANIA 364,900 32 DAR ES
37,900,000 2.5 SALAAM
TOGO 21,927 33 LOME
6,300,000 2.60
TUNISIA 63,170 65 TUNIS
10,100,000 1.1
UGANDA 93,066 12 KAMPALA
27,700,000 3.1
ZAMBIA 290,583 35 LUSAKA
11,900,000 1.9
ZIMBABWE 150,873 34 HARARE
13,100,000 0.7
COUNTRY MAJOR LANGUAGES
ALGERIA Arabic
French
Berber dialects
ANGOLA Portuguese
Bantu
others
BENIN French
Fon
Yoruba & others
BOTSWANA English
Setswana
BURKINA FASO French
Sudanic languages
BURUNDI Kirundi
French
Swahili
CAMEROON English
French
African languages
CAPE VERDE Portuguese
Crioulo
CENTRAL AFRICAN French
REPUBLIC Sangho
Arabic
Hunsa & Swahili
CHAD French
Arabic
Sara & others
COMOROS Arabic
French
Comoran
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC French
REPUBLIC OF Lingala
Kingwa
Kikongo & Tshiluba
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF French
Lingala
Monokutuba
Kikongo & others
COTE D'IVOIRE French
(IVORY COAST) Dioula
others
DJIBOUTI French
Arabic
Somali & Afar
EGYPT (2) Arabic
English
French
EQUATORIAL GUINEA Spanish
French
pidgin English
Fang, Bubi & Ibo
ERITREA Amharic
Arabic,
Afar, Tigrinya,
Tigre & many others
ETHIOPIA Amharic, Tigrinya,
Arabic, Orominga,
Engtish & others
GABON French, Fang, Myene,
Bateke & others
GAMBIA English, Mandinka,
Wolof, Fula & others
GHANA English
Akan
others
GUINEA French
various African
languages
GUINEA-BISSAU Portuguese
Crioulo
others
KENYA English
Swahili
many others
LESOTHO Sesotho
English
Zulu & Xhosa
LIBERIA English, Niger-Congo
languages
LIBYA Arabic
Italian
English
MADAGASCAR French
Malagasy
MALAWI English
Chichewa
others
MALI French
Bambara
many others
MAURITANIA Hasaniya Arabic,
Pulaar, Soninke,
Wolof & French
MAURITIUS English, Creole,
French, Hindi, Urdu,
Hakka & Bojpoori
MOROCCO Arabic
Berber dialects
French
MOZAMBIQUE Portuguese
African languages
NAMIBIA Afrikaans,
German, English,
local African
languages
NIGER French
Hausa
Djerma
NIGERIA English, Hausa,
Yoruba,
Ibo & Fulani
RWANDA Kinyarwanda
French
English & Kiswahili
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE Portuguese
SENEGAL French, Wolof,
Pulaar, Diola,
Mandingo
SEYCHELLES English
French
Creole
SIERRA LEONE English
Mende
Temne & Krio
SOMALIA Somali
Arabic
Italian & English
SOUTH AFRICA English, Afrikaans,
Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi,
Sotho & others
SUDAN Arabic, Nubian,
Ta Bedawie,
English & others
SWAZILAND English
siSwati
TANZANIA Kiswahili
English
Arabic & many others
TOGO French, Ewe,
Mina, Dagomba,
Kabye
TUNISIA Arabic
French
UGANDA English
Luganda
Swahili & others
ZAMBIA English
Bemba
Tonga & others
ZIMBABWE English
Shona
Sindebele & others
POLITICAL SYSTEM &
COUNTRY HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
ALGERIA Dominant party
President ABDELAZIZ BOUTEFLIKA
ANGOLA Presidential-parliamentary (transitional)
President JOSE EDUARDO DOS SANTOS
BENIN Presidential-legislative democracy
President YAYI BONI
BOTSWANA Parliamentary democracy and
traditional chiefs
President FESTUS MOGAE
BURKINA FASO Presidential-parliamentary (transitional)
President BLAISE COMPAORE
BURUNDI Dictatorship (military-dominated)
President PIERRE NKURUNZIZA
CAMEROON Dominant party
President PAUL BIYA
CAPE VERDE Presidential-parliamentary democracy
Prime Minister JOSE MARIA NEVES
CENTRAL AFRICAN Presidential-parliamentary democracy
REPUBLIC President FRANCOIS BOZIZE
CHAD Presidential-parliamentary
(military-dominated)
President IDRISS DEBY
COMOROS Presidential-parliamentary
(military-influenced)
President AHMED ABDALLAH SAMBI
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC In transition from military to
REPUBLIC OF presidential-parliamentary
President JOSEPH KABILA
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF Military (transitional)
President DENIS SASSOU-NGUESSO
COTE D'IVOIRE Presidential-parliamentary (transitional)
(IVORY COAST) President LAURENT GBAGBO
DJIBOUTI Dominant party
President ISMAIL OMAR GUELLEH
EGYPT (2) Dominant party
President HOSNI MUBARAK
EQUATORIAL GUINEA Presidential (military-dominated)
President
TEODORO OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO
ERITREA Dominant party
President ISAIAS AFEWERKI
ETHIOPIA Dominant party
Prime Minister MELES ZENAWI
GABON Dominant party
President OMAR BONGO ONDIMBA
GAMBIA Presidential-legislative (transitional)
President YAHYA JAMMEH
GHANA Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President JOHN AGYEKUM KUFUOR
GUINEA Dominant party
President LANSANA CONTE
GUINEA-BISSAU Presidential-legislative (transitional)
President JOAO BERNARDO VIEIRA
KENYA Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President MWAI KIBAKI
LESOTHO Parliamentary and traditional
chiefs (transitionatl
Prime Minister PAKALITHA MOSISILI
LIBERIA Presidential-parliamentary
democracy (transitionatl
LIBYA President ELLEN JOHNSON-SIRLEAF
One-party dictatorship
Colonel MUAMMAR AL-QADDAFI
MADAGASCAR Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President MARC RAVALOMANANA
MALAWI presidential-legislative democracy
President BINGO WA MUTHARIKA
MALI Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President AMADOU TOUMANI TOURE
MAURITANIA Presidential-parliamentary
(military-dominated)
Chairman of Military CouncilELY OULD MOHAMED VALL
MAURITIUS Parliamentary democracy
Prime Minister NAVIN RAMGOOLAM
MOROCCO Constitutional monarchy
KING MUHAMMAD VI
MOZAMBIQUE Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President ARMANDO GUEBUZA
NAMIBIA Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President HIFIKEPUNYE POHAMBA
NIGER Presidential-parliamentary
democracy (transitional)
President MAMADOU TANDJA
NIGERIA Presidential-legislative
democracy (transitional)
President OLUSEGUN OBASANJO
RWANDA Dominant party
President PAUL KAGAME
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President FRADIGUE DE MENEZES
SENEGAL Presidential-parliamentary democracy
President ABDOULAYE WADE
SEYCHELLES Dominant party
President JAMES MICHEL
SIERRA LEONE Presidential-legislative democracy
President ARMAD TEJAN KABBAH
SOMALIA Limited transitional government
disputed by factions
SOUTH AFRICA Parliamentary democracy
President THABO MBEKI
SUDAN Presidential-legislative
(military-dominated)
President
OMAR HASSAN ARMAD AL-BASHIR
SWAZILAND Monarchy
KING MSWATI III
TANZANIA Dominant party
President JAKAYA KIKWETE
TOGO Dominant party
President FAURE GNASSINGBE
TUNISIA Dominant party
President ZINE EL ABIDINE BEN ALI
UGANDA Dominant party
President YOWERI MUSEVENI
ZAMBIA Dominant party
President LEVY MWANAWASA
ZIMBABWE Dominant party
President ROBERT MUGABE
DATE LITERACY PER CAPITA
OF ORIGIN RATE (%) GDP
% POP. LIFE
COUNTRY UNDER 15 EXPECTANCY HDI
ALGERIA 1962 79/61 $7,200
31 74/76 0.722
ANGOLA 1975 80/54 $3,200
47 39/42 0.445
BENIN 1960 46/23 $1,100
44 53/55 0.431
BOTSWANA 1966 77/82 $10,500
38 35/33 0.565
BURKINA FASO 1960 37/17 $1,300
46 48/49 0.317
BURUNDI 1962 59/45 $700
46 44/45 0.378
CAMEROON 1960 85/73 $2,400
43 50/52 0.497
CAPE VERDE 1975 86/69 $6,200
38 68/74 0.721
CENTRAL AFRICAN 1960 63/40 $1,100
REPUBLIC 43 43/44 0.355
CHAD 1960 56/39 $1,500
47 43/45 0.341
COMOROS 1975 64/49 $600
43 62/66 0.547
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC 1960 76/55 $700
REPUBLIC OF 48 49/52 0.385
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF 1960 90/78 $1,300
45 50/52 0.512
COTE D'IVOIRE 1960 58/44 $1,600
(IVORY COAST) 41 49/53 0.420
DJIBOUTI 1977 78/58 $1,300
40 52/54 0.495
EGYPT (2) 1922 68/47 $3,900
35 67/72 0.659
EQUATORIAL GUINEA 1968 93/78 $2,700
44 43/44 0.655
ERITREA 1993 70/48 $1,000
45 53/57 0.444
ETHIOPIA 1000 B.C. 50/35 $900
44 48/50 0.367
GABON 1960 74/53 $6,800
40 53/55 0.635
GAMBIA 1965 48/33 $1,900
42 52/55 0.470
GHANA 1957 83/67 $2,500
39 57/58 0.520
GUINEA 1958 50/22 $2,000
46 54/54 0.466
GUINEA-BISSAU 1973 58/27 $800
53 44/46 0.348
KENYA 1963 91/80 $1,100
43 49/47 0.474
LESOTHO 1966 75/95 $2,500
39 35/36 0.497
LIBERIA 1847 73/42 $1,000
47 41/44 NA
LIBYA 1951 92/72 $11,400
34 74/78 0.799
MADAGASCAR 1960 76/63 $900
45 53/57 0.499
MALAWI 1964 76/50 $600
47 44/47 0.404
MALI 1960 54/40 $1,200
48 48/49 0.333
MAURITANIA 1960 52/32 $2,200
43 53/55 0.477
MAURITIUS 1968 89/83 $13,100
24 69/76 0.791
MOROCCO 1956 64/39 $4,200
30 68/72 0.631
MOZAMBIQUE 1975 64/33 $1,300
43 41/42 0.379
NAMIBIA 1990 84/84 $7,000
43 47/47 0.627
NIGER 1960 26/10 $900
49 44/44 0.281
NIGERIA 1960 76/61 $1.400
43 43/44 0.453
RWANDA 1962 76/65 $1,500
47 46/48 0.450
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 1975 85/62 $1,200
42 62/64 0.604
SENEGAL 1960 50/31 $1,800
44 55/58 0.458
SEYCHELLES 1976 91/92 $7,800
26 66/76 0.821
SIERRA LEONE 1961 40/21 $800
43 76/81 0.298
SOMALIA 1960 50/26 $600
45 46/50 NA
SOUTH AFRICA 1910 87/86 $12,000
32 45/49 0.658
SUDAN 1956 72/51 $2,100
44 57/59 0.512
SWAZILAND 1968 83/81 $5,000
41 33/35 0.498
TANZANIA 1964 86/71 $700
44 44/45 0.418
TOGO 1960 75/47 $1,700
44 53/57 0.512
TUNISIA 1956 83/64 $8,300
27 71/75 0.753
UGANDA 1962 80/60 $1,800
50 47/47 0.508
ZAMBIA 1964 87/75 $900
45 38/37 0.394
ZIMBABWE 1980 94/87 $2,300
41 38/37 0.505
(2) Egypt is partly in Africa and partly in Asia, and is
considered part of the Middle East. In this almanac, it is
listed in both the Middle East and Africa.
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