ASTM Committee D01 reports of January 2007 subcommittee activities.

ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials and Applications held its 2007 Winter Meetings at the Embassy Suites Hotel in Fort Lauderdale, FL, over the period January 21-23, 2007. Reports from the various committees are summarized below.

Activities and Relevant Subcommittees

Abrasion resistance - 23

Accelerated outdoor exposures - 27

Accelerated weathering - 27, 53

Acid etch test - 27

Adhesion - 23, 42, 46

Analysis of specific volatiles of paints - 21

Analytical methods-21

Antifouling coatings - 45

Application tools - 61

Architectural finishes - 42

Artists' materials - 57

ASTM-ISO coordination - 06, 08, 21, 45

Awards and memorials - 94

Biodeterioration - 28

Brushes - 61

Cellulose and cellulose derivatives - 36

Chemical intermediates - 35

Coil coatings - 53

Contact angles and surface wettability - 23

Copper release rates (antifouling coatings) - 45

Discontinuity (holiday) testing - 46

Dry film thickness - 23, 53

Electrical resistivity - 24

Environmental Concerns - 08

Environmental effects - 42

Evaluating touch-up - 42

Evaluation of fungal disfigurement - 28

Factory applied coatings on preformed products - 55

Flammability and safety - 22

Graffiti resistance - 46

ISO Liaison for VOC methods - 21

Lectures and Symposia - 15

Light and water exposure tests - 27

Lightfastness - 56, 57

Low temperature coalescence - 42

Marine coatings - 45

Masonry treatment - 47

Mercury in standards - 22, 24, 35, 36, 38, 45, 56

Naval stores - 34

Plasticizers - 35

Powder coatings - 51

Printing inks - 56

Printing ink vehicles - 37

Hydrocarbon resins - 38

Pretreatment of substrates - 53

Promotion for D01 - 95

Regulatory matters - 08

Rollers - 61

Solvents - 35

Solvent resistance - 53

Surface preparation - 46

Technical seminar - 15

Terminology - 16

Tint strength - 26, 56

Toxicity - 57

Traffic coatings - 44

VOC content in waterborne coatings - 21

VOC credit for cure water - 21

VOC measurements - 06, 08, 21, 56

Water in paint by calcium hydride test - 21

Water pick-up tests (inks) - 56

Water tests (accelerated testing) - 27

Wood coatings - 42

DIVISION 1

ADMINISTRATION

D01.06, International Coordination and U.S. TAG to ISO/TC35

T. Sliva, Chair

The ASTM task group on ISO Liaison for VOC methods has joined with WG 1 of ISO TC 35 to minimize duplication of standards. Co-chairs H. Nissler, from ISO and G. Janezic from ASTM are coordinating activities. ASTM D01 will host ISO TC35/ SC 9 at our June 2008 meetings in Vancouver, BC. T. Brooke, ASTM Staff, notified the group that ISO is unwilling to allow ASTM the right to sell, royalty free, ISO derivative works, even when they were based on ASTM standards originally. All other aspects of the MOU between ISO TC 35/ SC 9 and ASTM D01 remain in effect. He also reported that Headquarters will be working to allow all working group liaisons to access ISO documents for balloting and review from the D01 website in the near future.

D01.08, Environmental Concerns

J. Berry, Chair

D01.08 is a point of contact for ASTM, Federal and State agencies. It helps coordinate the testing needs of agencies with analytical talents within D01. It also provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of environmental programs and issues. B. Golton began the meeting by summarizing ongoing work within Subcommittee 21 involved with environmental issues (the vast majority of work in that subcommittee). M. Wills of Cal Poly then discussed VOC content by Gas Chromatography. He is interested in developing a method to determine VOC without having to measure water content. He is revising D6886 to make it better for a wider range of coatings. He pointed out that the Cal Poly reports are posted quarterly on the CARB web site.

D. Salman, U.S. EPA then discussed various EPA activities. He began with Clean Air Act section 183(e), which deals with VOC emissions from "consumer and commercial products" and requires EPA to produce national rules or control techniques guidelines (CTG) for a number of categories. EPA is behind the schedule for completing this work. As a result of a lawsuit by an environmental group, EPA was ordered to complete certain portions of the specified work by September 2006, 2007, and 2008. In response, in September 2006 EPA published new CTGs for five sources of VOC emissions, offset lithographic and letterpress printing, flexible packaging printing, flatwood paneling coating, and industrial cleaning solvents. By next September (2007), EPA is scheduled to address emissions from paper coating, metal furniture coating, large appliance coating and aerosol spray paint. (The action on emissions from aerosol spray paint may be a reactivity-based national rule modeled on the California rule.) Although not required by the court order, EPA is also considering amending its national VOC rule for architectural and industrial maintenance coatings in 2007. By September 2008 EPA is scheduled to examine emissions from miscellaneous industrial adhesives, the manufacture of fiberglass boats and three coating operations: miscellaneous metal parts, plastic parts, and automobiles and light-duty trucks at assembly plants.

Dates and Locations of Future D01 Meetings

January 20-22, 2008 - Fort Lauderdale, FL (Embassy Suites Hotel)

June 15-17, 2008 - Vancouver, B.C. (Hyatt Regency) with D02

January, 2009 - Fort Lauderdale, FL (Embassy Suites Hotel)

Mr. Salman moved on to Residual Risk for hazardous air pollutant standards. As specified by section 112 of the 1990 Clean Air Act, EPA has adopted national emissions of hazardous air pollutant (more commonly referred to as NESHAP or MACT) standards for about 100 source categories. Eight years after the adoption of a standard, the Act requires EPA to assess the effectiveness of each standard by evaluating the "residual risk" from a facility that complies with the standard. The risk and technology review (RTR) currently being developed is looking at 21 source categories including shipbuilding and ship repair, aerospace, and printing and publishing. The Agency is planning to publish an "Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking" in the Federal Register in the next few months to explain the process and to provide an opportunity for the public to review and comment on the emission data (2002 National Emissions Inventory data) that EPA plans to use in its analysis. On January 3, 2007, EPA proposed to rescind the once-in-always-in policy for hazardous air pollutant standards. That policy required that any facility that emitted sufficient hazardous air pollutants to be subject to a MACT standard must continue to submit periodic data on emissions regardless of subsequent changes to its operations. Under that policy, even if a facility ceased all use of such pollutants, it still must submit timely reports on its process.

H. Farr, SCAQMD, explained that after over four years as an analyst in the SCAQMD laboratory examining the VOC content of coatings using EPA Reference Method 24, she is now working to improve the test methodology for analyzing "low" VOC coatings. (The SCAQMD adopted new, more stringent VOC limits for Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings that were effective on July 1, 2006.) As part of this work, the SCAQMD lab, in a joint effort with Cal Poly, performed side by side analysis of 13 samples using the new ASTM D 6886 (developed by Max Wills of Cal Poly). The results showed good repeatability and reproducibility even though the labs used slightly different procedures--SCAQMD used multipoint calibrations and cumulated all detected peaks as the measure of VOC while Cal Poly used a single point calibration and measured as VOC only those compounds with elution points up to and including Texanol. (Note from J. Berry: Such measure of VOC is inconsistent with the Federal Reference Method which requires that a sample be artificially "aged" (held at 110[degrees]C for one hour) to obtain a measure of lifetime emissions. As a result, there ultimately will be policy implications associated with final selection of test methods for its new, more stringent, regulations.)

The SCAQMD has recently released a draft of the 2007 Air Quality Management Plan (AWMP), our plan for attaining the Federal Air Quality Standards in the subsequent three years. Paint and other coatings are not a major focus of the plan but it does include a program for developing a "Clean Coatings Certification Program" similar to the South Coast's current "Clean Air Solvent" program. Rather, the AWMP will target reductions from industrial lubricants and consumer products.

D. Darling presented information on NPCA activities. A primary focus of NPCA has been continuing the examination of the reproducibility and repeatability of EPA Reference Method 311 for Hazardous Air Pollutants. (In response to industry's input regarding the wide variety of hazardous materials that might be encountered in the greater coatings industry, EPA had written the test broadly, leaving details to the coating analyst who would know the characteristics of the specific coatings). Subsequently, in the Summer of 2003, the "Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Workgroup (within NPCA) sponsored an intra- and inter-laboratory study of the method (Analysis of Hazardous Air Pollutant Compounds in Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph). The initial goal was to identify the precision limits for the method in the simplest case; using a single set of specifically-agreed-on chromatographic conditions rather than the great flexibility permitted by Method 311. Since many of the many MACT standards for surface coatings allow for use of "compliant coatings" rather than forcing investment in pollution control technology and many rely on formulation data rather than testing to establish compliance with the rules, the reproducibility and repeatability of the test method become of paramount importance. For this reason, manufacturers and coatings users have long been concerned over the precision of Method 311. The results of the study tend to substantiate these concerns. At this point, M. Wills of Cal Poly reminded the group that the specified procedures were not always followed by the analysts involved with the study. Mr. Darling agreed, noting that the Association's evaluation of Method 311 is continuing.

G. Janezic noted that coordination with ISO on test methods for coatings was ongoing. A joint meeting was held last June. Much of ISO's work has to do with VOC test methods; the European test method for VOC uses a gas chromatograph and is very similar to ASTM's Method 6886, developed by Max Wills. ISO is also considering use of a headspace method (which could be adapted to be more similar to EPA's Reference Method 24 in that the test could include accelerated "aging" step, something not possible with a direct injection method).

D01.15, Lectures and Symposia

W. Golton, Chair

This subcommittee is responsible for arranging lectures and occasional symposia at D01 meetings. Attendees typically are treated to a seminar with several speakers on a topic of interest, usually at the January meeting. The seminar at this meeting was entitled "Recent Developments in Accelerated Weathering" and was a joint activity of D01 and G03 (Committee on Weathering and Durability) W. Ketola, Chair of G03, organized and chaired the excellent program. Dr. Ken White, 3M Weathering Resource Center, kicked off the seminar with a talk entitled "Assessing Variability in Accelerated Weathering Testing." He stressed the need for minimizing the effects of variability through the use of control specimens and reference materials, sticking to the same time period with the same device for tests on a given product and by carefully following test methods. Artur Schoenlein, Atlas Material Testing GmbH, spoke on "New Calibration Method for Thermometers used in Weathering Instruments." He discussed new traceable devices used to measure and control temperatures in accelerated tests. The presentation by Mark Gottsegen, Subcommittee D1.57 Chair, was entitled "Lightfastness Testing of Artists' Materials, Results, Unanswered Questions and Current Research." The talk by Patrick Brennan, Q-Panel Corporation, "Refined Acid Etch Procedure Enhances Correlation," described a joint project between Q-Panel and BASF to develop a meaningful accelerated acid etch test for automotive coatings. Warren D. Ketola, 3M Weathering Resource Center spoke on "Characterization of new filters and lamps for xenon-arc devices." K. Adamsons of DuPont gave an interesting poster presentation outside the meeting room. The topic selected for 2008 is "New Solvents and Formulating Techniques for Low VOC and HAP Paints." R. Montemayor and J. Lawniczak have offered to find speakers. After a spirited discussion, it was decided to schedule the seminar for June 17, 2008 in Vancouver, BC, Canada at the D01 meeting that will be in conjunction with D02 and ISO TC 35.

D01.16, Terminology

J. Bryson, Chair

The revision of D16, "Terminology," is proceeding and new and revised sections were approved for subcommittee balloting. The following definitions were approved for balloting:

1) drying oil, n--a liquid that can oxidize and polymerize into a strong, flexible, cured film when exposed to air as a thin coating.

2) crawling, n--(1) for wet coatings, a defect in a coating film, in which the coating recedes from areas of the substrate, resulting in an uneven coating. Discussion: Crawling is usually caused by non-uniform wetting of the substrate. (2) over caulk, the cracking of dried paint applied over paint-resistant or in-completely dried caulk.

3) paint, n--general (1) a liquid, paste, or powdered coating material, containing binder, and typically containing pigment(s) and additives. (2) the coating resulting from the application of such a coating material. Discussion: Most paints are intended to form a solid coating, by evaporation, polymerization, or cooling. The previous D 16 definition of paint (specific) is obsolete, and will be balloted for removal.

4) tint, v--(1) to mix a white paint with a colorant, or to mix a colored paint with a white colorant. (2) to adjust the color of a test specimen to be a closer color match to the standard.

Chair Bryson met with D01.21 (Chemical Analysis of Paints & Paint Materials) to assist them with terminology, and will encourage D01.21 to review the terms and definitions in D16 of interest to them.

D01.94, Awards and Memorials

T. Sliva, Chair

Chair Sliva presented the John C. Weaver Award of Excellence to Mary Sites for her outstanding efforts in Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. The Henry A. Gardner Award for Subcommittee Chair of the Year went to Jim Russell for his excellent work in chairing Subcommittee 34 on Naval Stores. An Award of Appreciation was presented to Bill Golton for his efforts in leading D01.15 Lectures and Symposia.

D01.95, Promotion

L. Pattison, Chair

There is a need for a training session like the one that the Chair of D01.57 on Artists Materials, Mark Gottsegen, had organized for his subcommittee. It was suggested that we have the regular New Members Orientation at January meetings and a training session (voting, writing standards, submitting items for ballot, etc.) at June meetings. Tim Brooke did include a number of these sorts of items at the orientation session on Monday, January 22. There also is a need for one page summary of D01 meeting highlights to be sent to the various coatings magazines and journals after our January and June meetings, a "Recent Events at the Latest ASTM Meeting" or "ASTM D01 Update." In order to do this, we would need highlights or summaries from the subcommittees immediately after each meeting. There also was an excellent suggestion that there be a keyword table of contents at the beginning of the JCT COATINGSTECH D01 Subcommittees Report to help readers find items of interest.

DIVISION 20

RESEARCH

D01.21, Analysis of Whole Paints and Paint Materials

H. Fujimoto, Chair

The group on ISO Liaison for VOC Methods heard H. Nissler's presentation on the three VOC measurement methods in use by European ISO. These include 1) ISO 11890-1, an indirect method for VOC determination equivalent to the present Federal EPA Method 24, 2) ISO 11890-2, a direct GC method used to comply with European Deco Paints Directive for VOC < 15 wt% and 3) ISO 17895, a headspace GC full-evaporation technique for VOC < 0.1 wt% used for detecting species such as free monomers. We decided that before the June meeting in Cleveland, that we would post existing U.S., ISO and Emulsion Polymer Council methods analytical methods on the ASTM website.

There also was discussion about harmonizing ISO methods with those being used/developed in the U.S., notably those being researched by M. Wills at California Polytechnic University by GC and headspace GC in cooperation with SCAQMD. We were pleased to have H. Farr from SQAQMD in attendance, and appreciate that her organization has given support to Prof. Wills to pursue the GC methods. This work is important in that the entire industry has long recognized the poor precision of EPA Method 24 for low VOC coatings. This has led to round-robin collaboration between Prof. Wills, U.S. industry and European ISO to analyze specific samples. This collaboration is seen as an important first step on the way to harmonization. If successful, it could lead the way for California to adopt these methods followed by eventual U.S. EPA acceptance, leading to the demise of EPA Method 24. VOC methods by gas chromatography also were discussed as these require a boiling point cut-off temperature. Currently, the cut-off for ISO is 250[degrees]C (excludes Texanol, for example), but that the marker will probably be changed to 280[degrees]C, and hence will include compounds such as Texanol. The VOC methods group in ISO TC-35 (H. Nissler) was scheduled to meet in South Korea this summer, but will not be meeting again until 2008 in another location. It was suggested that perhaps the VOC group could meet in Vancouver, Canada in 2008 when D01 meets with D02.

The group on Revision of ASTM D 2369 met to discuss this VOC method and the recent ballot on the document. Chair F. Gelfant gave some background on the issues with testing "100% solids" or "high solids" coatings by the current ASTM D2369 and by EPA RM24. A new class of materials, multi-component coatings with greater than 90% solids, has been added to D2369. There were two negatives, both of which were withdrawn. The negative from M. Harding was found to be persuasive. Both changes that she recommended were editorial. The first was to correct an oversight by the writer (who did not intend to omit the comment that EPA's RM 24 allows induction times of up to 24 hours. She also noted that the terms "1K" and "2K" may not be known by many who use the test method. 1K and 2K will be changed throughout the document to "one component" and "multi-component," respectively.

There was an extended discussion about the round-robin testing required for the new class of materials that were added to D2369. Representatives of the following lab's volunteered at the meeting: Sherwin Williams, Deft, Rustoleum, Stonhard, Cal Poly, South Coast Air Quality Management District (six total). F. Gelfant stated that some companies in the Thermoset Resins Fabrication Association also volunteered (that will be verified). It was suggested that five coatings be tested. They can be from one or more companies. It was also suggested that the samples could be repackaged for shipping in pre-weighed, preproportioned amounts for ease of mixing. F. Gelfant will distribute to the task group a detailed plan before next meeting.

M. Wills, Chair of the group on Analysis of Specific Volatiles of Paints, gave a presentation on the activities at California Polytechnic State University on method development for the direct analysis of VOC's in paint by gas chromatography. The work is sponsored by the California Air Resource Board. The complete report and all previous reports may be found at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/coatings/arch/testmethod.htm. A major project has been initiated in which 86 coating samples chosen by CARB will be analyzed. Samples of the 86 coatings have been ordered directly from the manufacturers. To date, twenty samples have been received. Of these, one sample, a water-based metallic aluminum pigmented coating, showed evidence of gassing and had to be disposed of. The samples were typically supplied in one gallon containers. After thorough mixing, each sample was divided into four one-quart samples to be used for testing by us and possibly by other laboratories as part of the validation study associated with this project. These samples are in lined one-quart metal paint cans and are currently undergoing analysis. Initially, the density of each coating is determined using a weight per gallon cup. The solids fraction is then determined using ASTM 2369. Great care is taken to insure consistent amounts of coating and water are used in the solids determination since we have determined in previous work that the amount of coating and water can affect the results obtained, especially if high boiling materials are present.

Five waterborne coatings have been studied so far. They show several significant differences from the low VOC waterborne coatings for which ASTM Method 6886 was developed. ASTM 6886 was developed primarily for interior and exterior architectural coatings with a small number of possible VOCs. For this study we have modified ASTM 6886 by using water as the solvent and ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDE) as the internal standard. We have also slightly modified the method of sample preparation so both headspace and direct injection samples can be prepared. We have identified several VOCs in these coatings not typically found in interior and exterior architectural coatings. These include alcohols, amines, glycol ethers, aromatics and high boiling esters. Compounds detected having retention times longer than that for Texanol include dioctyl maleate, dioctyl fumarate, dicotyl adipate, benzophenone, tetrachlorophthalonitrile and (4-methylphenyl)phenylmethanone. The only one of these higher boiling compounds present in a significant amount was dioctyl maleate. We have seen this compound in several other coatings where it is sometimes used instead of or in addition to Texanol.

By analyzing these coatings using static headspace with FID detection we can study the effect of equilibration temperature on amount of higher boiling VOC compound detected. For Texanol, amounts ranging from 71% to 100% of the total Texanol were detected, even at 110[degrees]C. This suggests most of the Texanol would be detected for these coatings using EPA Method 24 analysis. For the higher boiling dioctyl esters, none of the compounds were detected using headspace analysis at either equilibration temperature. This suggests these compounds would not be VOCs when analyzed using EPA Method 24. Benzophenone was present in two of the coatings. For both coatings, approximately 70% was detected when equilibrated at 110[degrees]C compared to 100% when equilibrated at 150[degrees]C compared to 100% when equilibrated at 150[degrees]C. This suggests that most of the benzophenone would be counted as a VOC using EPA Method 24 analysis. Our analysis of these coatings confirms the validity of using a modified ASTM 6886 method. The incorporation of static headspace analysis allows a determination of those compounds likely to be measured using EPA Method 24. None of these coatings contain reactive materials and all are one component coatings. During the next reporting period we will include tests on two component coatings to assess the applicability of these methods.

The group on VOC Content in Waterborne Coatings by Static Headspace Analysis has a new Chair, L. Mink, who replaces L. Linder. Mr. Mink reviewed the history of the development of the headspace GC method, including results from a 2005 round-robin. At that time, the method was rejected due to poor reproducibility. Technical problems associated with adsorption of polar compounds in the headspace instrumentation were described. The latest version of the method was then reviewed. The most significant change is the incorporation of direct three-point calibration for quantitation of the most abundant compounds. This replaces the calculated average response factor used for quantitation in the previous version of the method. A question was raised about the range of VOC (upper limit) for which the method would be applicable. No upper limit has been set and data are needed to determine if an upper limit is appropriate. There was an inquiry about the use of samples sizes other than what is specified in the method (10 mg). Larger sample sizes have been tested, but 10 mg minimizes the effect of water in the headspace system while being manageable during sample preparation. It was agreed that the next steps for the task group are to identify a set of samples and to carry out a new round-robin using the revised test method. Six laboratories volunteered to participate in the round-robin. A suggestion was made to contact contract lab's regarding participation in the round-robin.

The group on VOC Credit for Cure Water exists because certain coating species that use a heat reactive condensation reaction for cure (phenolics in particular) may display erroneous values when tested using current ASTM VOC methods. The error arises when the heat of method D2369 starts the reaction creating water of reaction. This water is not accounted for in normal Karl Fischer determinations, so this water is treated as a VOC by default. This group has been developing a method to quantify water of reaction using recently available technologies, mainly a drying oven capable of passing all the vapors emitted from the baking of the material under conditions similar to ASTM D 2369 into a Karl Fischer apparatus. The chair mentioned that he had cleared up an earlier negative. This method uses MPK as the recommended diluent solvent. The negative voter had asked about how to deal with water, if any, in the MPK, but all MPK used had been found to be anhydrous. The task group decided to include a step to run a blank on the MPK; if found to contain water, "adjust accordingly." Based on a negative that this was too vague and needed to be expanded, changes were made and the method was re-balloted. B. Boni voted negative on the latest ballot. He contended that the title should refer to liquid coatings as his concern was members of the powder coating community might use this method for powder coatings without the method being validated for such coatings. The chair agreed to make the change and the negative was withdrawn as editorial in nature. All other comments were discussed with the voters and changes were made where pertinent. One remaining task that needs to be completed is a round-robin for reproducibility data. Repeatability data are in the method based on one lab, as a result of an initial method study. It was pointed out that six labs and four samples are considered a minimum for good statistical results. G. Janezic and R. Ostermen volunteered and mentioned four other labs, not present at the meeting, that had interests in participating. Chair will be setting the round-robin up, hopefully in March. The main focus is to have all the labs ready to run at the same time.

The group on Water in Paint by Calcium Hydride (T. Lynn, Chair) has been exploring the utility of a calcium hydride based method as an alternative to Karl Fischer for the determination of water in paint. At the previous meeting the results from the completed interlaboratory study (ILS 0148) were presented along with the statistical analysis by the E691 program. For this meeting, the precision statement was to be written. The chairman distributed copies of the relevant materials and gave an overview of his statistical analysis and his discussions with the outside statistician. The repeatability and reproducibility statements derived from the ILS data were deemed sufficient to wrap up the round-robin and proceed with the finalization of the method. The Exploratory Analytical Group (Hiro Fujimoto, Chair) reviews proposals for new test methods, identifies areas where new standards are needed, recommends formation of new task groups and addresses problems encountered by task groups. No new requests were made in the last six months to develop, evaluate or modify any new test methods under our jurisdiction. The Chair encouraged more activity in developing standard ASTM test methods for the paint industry.

D01.22, Flammability & Safety

R. Osterman, Chair

D01 standards D1310, D3934 and D3941 on flashpoint and D4206 on sustained burning will be reviewed, and submitted for reapproval. Discussion centered on the removal of the word "mercury" from all D01 standards. This proposal comes from ASTM Technical Committee Operations. The standards in D01.22 refer to barometric pressure units as millimeters of mercury. Members decided that the appropriate action would be to leave this unit of measurement in those standards since it is a unit of measurement. Use of any other barometric pressure unit would affect the accuracy and precision of the analyses. Other D01.22 standards require the use of specially manufactured (shaped) "mercury in-glass thermometers" for specific types of instruments employed to determine flammability values. "Non-hazardous liquid" thermometers for the specific instruments are not available from the manufacturers.

D01.23, Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

P. Guevin, Chair

The Adhesion group (chaired by G. Nelson) discussed adhesion testing of coatings on wood. It was noted that three test methods used with wood had been reported on recently, namely ISO 2409, ASTM D 4541 ("Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers") and a torque (shear) adhesion test method. It was recommended that a note be added to the scope of D 3359, "Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test," regarding its use on coatings on wood.

The group on Dry Film Thickness, A. Freidenfelds, Chair, heard a report by J. Fusco and J. Fletcher on their findings on the anvil of the instrument specified in D 1005, "Test Method for Measurement of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers." They indicated the 1.5 to 3.0 mm (3/16 to 1/8 in.) presser foot micrometer is no longer available. They recommended that we ballot Test Method D 1005 for withdrawal without a replacement. D. Beamish reported on the ballot results of his revision of D 4138, "Test Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive Means." He said that (1) it has been changed from a test method to a practice, (2) some of the figures were removed and (3) editorial changes were made throughout the standard. Since there were no negative votes, the revision goes forward.

The group on Hardness, Mar and Abrasion Resistance, P. Guevin, Chair, heard a presentation on the round-robin study on samples tested in accordance with D 4060, "Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser," (Research Report D01-1135). A copy of proposed technical and editorial changes to Test Method D 4060 also was handed out. These changes along with the revised precision statement and revised Table I will be sent out for ballot. The chair noted that editorial revisions were made to D 968-05, "Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasives." He also advised the group that WK13558 had been issued for the revision of D 2134, "Test Method for Determining the Hardness of Organic Coatings with the Sward-Type Rocker."

The Contact Angle Measurements group (C. Schoff, Chair) discussed two documents on surface wettability by measuring advancing contact angles (WK 11928) and the measurement of solid surface tension via contact angles (WK 11929). Because of concerns about the ability to develop precision statements and earlier suggestions that these documents should be practices, both documents were presented as practices rather than test methods. However, they both need additional work.

D01.24, Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials

C. Schoff, Chair

The group on Dispersion Phenomena discussed the two oil absorption methods, D281, "Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rubout," and D1483, "Oil Absorption of Pigments by Gardner-Coleman Method." These are old methods and there was a question as to whether they still were used, but the answer seems to be yes. They will be reviewed for possible revisions. It was suggested that D281 might be revised to include a fixed rub-out time limit in minutes that the user would establish for his or her specific product or product line. D1483 probably will be balloted for reapproval as-is.

The Viscosity Methods group continued the discussion on two new draft standards. One is a standard practice for rheological characterization of architectural coatings using three common bench viscometers (WK12492) that should be useful to the industry. The other is a cone/plate viscometer measurement at 500 se[c.sup.-1] (WK13901) that is of interest to auto makers and their paint suppliers as an alternative to efflux cups for measurements on topcoats. A number of changes were made in the methods so that they could be put forward for subcommittee ballot.

The Electrical Resistivity group discussed the need for revision for D5682, "Electrical Resistivity of Liquid Paints and Related Materials." The method was reapproved in 2002, but is out-of-date with respect to many ASTM rules and guidelines and needs to be revised. A somewhat revised draft was handed out and will be balloted. The group on New Ideas and Miscellaneous Methods discussed a number of possible new standards, including a method to measure yield stress, a guide for measuring viscosity as a function of temperature, a method for measurement of heat age stability and possible application of the ink resin viscoelasticity method to paints.

ASTM has asked the various committees and subcommittees to look at methods that use mercury or references to mercury and see what can be done to remove this element from the standards. This includes mercury thermometers. We discussed thermometers and other temperature measuring devices currently employed in paint laboratories and concluded that few if any mercury thermometers are being used. Dial thermometers are common in QC and formulating labs, but thermocouple based devices, IR guns and alcohol thermometers also are in use. Sub 24 methods will be reviewed and revised to remove reference to mercury thermometers.

D01.26, Optical Properties

N.J. Barnes, Chair

The group on color measurements, E. Carter, Chair, considered the problems with the methods for tint strength. The plan has been for the Dispersion group in Subcommittee 24 to remove the dispersion methods in the tint strength standards and write them up as separate practices; so that Subcommittee 26 can confine its activities to tint strength measurement. One dispersion practice has been written, but two more (mechanical muller and mini sand mill) need to be done as soon as possible. Otherwise, the current tint strength methods (D387 and D2745) will be balloted for withdrawal.

D01.27

D. Grossman, Chair

The Water Tests Group (D. Grossman, Chair) made a number of changes to. D4585 "Controlled Condensation," including updating the references to the new G154 standard. D4585 then was ready for ballot. Test method D870 "Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion" is due for review. L. Pattison and F. Lutze will review the method and submit the method for ballot. The group on the Light and Water Exposure Apparatus Tests (D. Grossman, Chair) discussed several methods, including D6695 "Xenon-Arc Exposure of Paints." It was agreed to add SAE J2412 and J2527 to the footnote and submit the method for sub and main ballot. Three methods, D822, "Open Flame Carbon Arc," D3361, "Unfiltered Carbon Arc," and D5031, "Enclosed Carbon Arc," had recently been balloted. No negatives were received but there were comments on each standard.

Work item WK11419 "Acid Etch Test for Automotive Clear Coats," received two negatives at subcommittee level proposing many changes to the document. Most were incorporated. L. Pattison passed around a panel from actual outdoor testing in Jacksonville, FL showing acid etch spots. The specimens in Jacksonville are only mounted in a horizontal position. She showed lab data that specimens mounted at 0 degrees showed good correlation, whereas samples mounted at 5 degrees did not.

However, others argued that data existed supporting similar results with other specimen orientations and suggested that methods A and B be included. It was pointed out that other data shows pits and a loss of gloss. W. Ketola commented that this test is to simulate large spots on automotive coatings and suggested that a separate standard be written for pits and loss of gloss. It was decided to accept the negative about the type of acid etch and change the title to include pits and large spots as seen in Jacksonville on automotive clear coats using a horizontal specimen position and limit the scope. Other editorial comments were accepted and will be incorporated into the next revision.

The group on Accelerated Outdoor Exposures, J. Robbins III, Chair, discussed D4141, "Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings" and the comments from the recent ballot. A note will be added allowing the use of a wire mesh to support a flexible sample and a photo a black box and a Fresnel reflector will be included. One of the references will be changed. Because of the changes, it was agreed to withdraw the ballot and submit a new ballot item with the proposed changes. D5722, "Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Factory-Coated Embossed Hardboard" has been transferred to this group. The chair submitted his proposed changes to a draft of this standard because it is coming due for five-year review. A comment was made about the temperature of the water that the samples are soaked in prior to placement in the freezer. Comments from the group should be submitted prior to the next ballot cycle.

D01.28, Biodeterioration

K.P. Roberts, Chair

The New Environmental Chamber Method group heard an explanation from P. Hargrove, Chair, about the involvement of ASTM in the interlaboratory testing process. Since the round-robin was just beginning, two additional laboratories, Troy and Air Quality Services, requested to be included. ASTM will be contacted to see if additional sample sets are available. All participating laboratories were asked to have their data submitted to P. Hargrove by April 1. Additional information requested of the round-robin participants included the reporting of the specimen position as either "hung" or "flat" and to include pictures, if possible. Other discussion points centered on the sampling size and use of the term "recommended" that will be changed to "no greater than" or "no less than." The internal control used to determine if the chamber conditions are suitable for fungal growth was also discussed. No consensus was reached and J. LaZonby volunteered to investigate several options. The group intends to re-ballot the proposed method after the June 2007 meeting. The group on the Evaluation of Fungal Disfigurement of Paint Films, led by M. Crewdson, Chair, performed a second round of evaluations similar to those done at the June 2006 meeting. Mr. Crewdson trained the participants in the evaluation techniques beforehand. The results were tabulated and presented to the group at this meeting. A wide range of values were again reported, but the variation in the ranking of the samples was minimal.

DIVISION 30

PAINT MATERIALS

D01.31, Pigment Specifications

J. Peake, Chair

No D01.31 meetings were held as no members were attending.

D01.34, Naval Stores

J. Russell, Chair

J. Russell, Chair of The Determination of Neutral Content group, reported that the aim of the work continues to be the development of a more rapid method for the measurement of the neutral content of tall oil fractions without the use of diethyl ether. The basis of the method is the use of solid phase extraction columns to separate the neutrals from the acid components of the tall oil fractions. No further experimental work had been carried out since the last meeting as previous results had shown that the results reported were generally well below the level to be expected. The unsaponifiable content of a good quality tall oil fatty acid, as measured by the standard wet method is 2.7% and the neutral content should be slightly higher than the unsaponifiable content. Discussion concentrated on the chemical complexity of the neutrals content of tall oil fatty acids and the importance of being able to find the ideal resin for retaining all the acidic fatty acids and resin acids and allowing the neutral material to pass through. This situation is further complicated because some of the neutrals, although not acidic, are polar. In the past no attempt had been made to analyze the neutral eluent and so D. Scott of Arizona Chemical agreed to carry out one or more neutral determinations and determine the composition of the neutral fraction by GC/MS. He will report his conclusions at the next meeting. The use of near infra red measurements was discussed and the general consensus was that this technique could be used but it would require the generation of a large amount of up-front data and could never be a primary standard.

The group on Color of Rosin and its Derivatives heard a report by the Chair, J. Russell, on the status of this project, one goal of which is to have the FDA and the Food Chemical Codex (FCC) change the wording of the their regulations covering the use of rosin to reflect that the industry now uses Gardner colors and not the USRG scale. J. Russell has had no response from the FDA, but will try the EPA and try to establish a working arrangement with them. A second goal is to amend ASTM D509, "Test Methods for Grading Rosin." This method needs to be updated as it does not include a procedure for specimen preparation when using the Gardner scale to measure the color of a solid sample of rosin. The approach being used is to base the procedure on the data obtained in a round-robin that was organized by ISO TC35/SC10/WG5, Naval Stores, in 2006. The final report on that round-robin was discussed and it was noted that the precision obtained by melting rosin was about the same as that obtained by preparing a rosin solution. Both methods showed better precision than the historic USDA color scale. J Russell will draft a procedure for the preparation of a molten sample for discussion at the next meeting and the change will be balloted in the fall.

D01.35, Solvents, Plasticizers & Chemical Intermediates

R.G. Montemayor, Chair

A number of standard test methods and specification under the responsibility of this Subcommittee were reviewed and will be revised to include reference to ASTM E 29 "Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Determining Conformance to Specifications," reference ASTM D 5386, "Standard Test Method for Color of Liquids by Tristimulus Colorimetry", whenever appropriate and reword the reference to D 1078 distillation to address a directive from ASTM to remove references to mercury in glass thermometer and E 1 "Specification for ASTM Thermometers." Problems associated with insufficient attendance at the subcommittee meetings continue, and efforts to maintain the various standards under the jurisdiction of the subcommittee are being impacted negatively. If technical expertise can not be found, the Subcommittee will start to withdraw test methods and specifications for these solvents and other liquid components of paints and related coatings. Table 1 summarizes the standards that will be balloted concurrently at the D 01 and D 01.35 level this coming semester.

 Table 1--ASTM Standards that Will Be Balloted Concurrently at the D01
and D01.35 Level this Coming Semester

Standard  Year                   Title

D 1476    2002  STM - Heptane Miscibility

D 2804    2002  STM - GC Purity of MEK

D 2917    2002  Specs - MIAK

D 0329    2002  Specs - Acetone

D 1364    2002  STM - Water in Volatile Solvents

D 1836    2002  Specs - Commercial Hexanes

D 3735    2002  VM&P Naphthas

D 4367    2002  STM - Benzene in Hydrocarbon by GC

D 2190    2001  Specs - Vinyl Acetate

D 2194    2002  STM - Concentration of Formaldehyde

D 2378    2002  Specs - 50% and 35% Grade Formaldehyde

D 4709    2002  Specs - Methyl Acrylate

D 4710    2002  Specs - Acetaldehyde

D 0330    2001  Specs - 2- Butoxyethanol

D 0600    2001  Specs - Liquid Paint Dryers

D 2627    2002  Specs - Diacetone Alcohol

D 2635    2001  Specs - Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol

D 2636    2001  Specs - Hexylene Glycol

D 5008    2001  STM - Ethyl Methyl Pentanol Content

D 2693    2002  Specs - Ethylene Glycol

D 3128    2002  Specs - 2-Methoxy Ethanol

D 4837    2002  Specs - Propylene Glycol Monomoethyl Ether

D 0268    2001  Guide - Sampling Volatile Solvents

D 2634    2002  Specs - Methyl Amyl Acetate 95%

D 1617    2001  Guide for Sampling and Testing

D 3131    2002  Specs - Isopropyl Acetate 99%

D 4773    2002  STM - Purity of Propylene Glycol Monoether

D 5137    2001  Specs - Hexyl Acetate

D01.36, Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

J. de Wit, Chair

The next meeting of D01.36 is scheduled for January 2008, since once again the attending members voted unanimously to omit the D01.36 subcommittee meeting in June. Assignments for reviewing standards due in 2008 were made. The attending members also decided that Gerald H. Morton will be the Chairman of this subcommittee for 2007 and 2008. Effective 1/24/07, G. H. Morton became subcommittee chairman, and J. S. de Wit was named subcommittee secretary. A number of standards were reapproved in 2006; additional ones will be balloted for reapproval this year. Methods D301, D817, D914, D1795, and D2364 were reviewed for use of mercury. Dr. de Wit will follow up with ASTM to determine appropriate changes to these standards. We recommend that standards D1795 and D2364 be changed to replace reference to E1 on mercury thermometers with E2251 on low hazard liquid thermometers as an editorial change. D301 will be revised to remove sections 11, 12, and 13 which deal with nitrogen analysis and replace this section with the statement "The method for determination of nitrogen is given in method D4795." D817 will be kept as is. We will review D914 to determine the necessity for using a mercury/mercurous sulfate electrode. A new work item (WK13593, "Specification for Cellulose Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete") was reviewed in committee and revisions suggested. Dr. Morton will revise WK13593 and send this proposed new standard to subcommittee members by e-mail for review.

D01.37, Printing Ink Vehicles

R. Czarnecki, Chair

The Membership group, J. Daugherty, Chair, was pleased with the results of a letter with a request for new members that had been e-mailed to a relatively wide distribution list consisting of NAPIM members and attendees of the NPIRI Technical Conference. The e-mails resulted in six new members, four of whom attended this meeting. The Vehicle Terminology group, R. Czarnecki, Chair, decided to have members submit lists of words commonly used with reference to printing ink vehicles. A master list will be developed and distributed to all members. The group on Thermal Stability, R. Waldo, Chair, has been working on a test for radiation curable products (WK8867), but the consensus of the group was to start with these products and then write a part "B" for other types of inks sometime in the future which will include polyamides and water based vehicles. It was decided to name this test "Accelerated Storage Stability of Printing Inks and Vehicles." Cytec and Sun Chemical compared inhouse test methods for UV/EB products and found them to be very similar. The next step is to put the existing in-house test in ASTM format. E. Casserly has been working on a Printing Ink Vehicle Guide. He will add five new tests and delete D1963, Specific Gravity of Drying Oil, as this was withdrawn with no replacement. J. Daugherty mentioned the need for creating a list of test methods that should be developed in the future. A number of the new members are from the water based part of the business and have been asked to submit potential methods for development and to share in-house test methods that are not considered proprietary.

D01.38, Hydrocarbon Resins

J. Bryson, Chair

D. DiCorpo of Brookfield agreed to look for any revisions needed in D 6267, "Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Resins" and will have this method referenced in Brookfield materials. After the meeting, he noted that there were many errors regarding Brookfield viscometers in Annex A1. The standard will be balloted to remove this annex (and the references to it), since it is inaccurate and applies to a single brand of rotational viscometers. ASTM has asked that references to E 1 in ASTM standards be replaced with E 2251 (Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids) where appropriate. This applies to D 6267 and D 6493. This will be balloted. A revision of D 6604 ([T.sub.g] by DSC) will be submitted for balloting. ASTM has asked us to determine whether mercury is essential as a reference material in this method. If so, both an explanation and a hazard caveat are recommended.

DIVISION 40 PAINT PRODUCTS APPLIED ON SITE

D01.42, Architectural Finishes

N. Rogers, Chair

Dan Marschall of Marschall Labs, Inc. was recognized with a service award for his years of active participation in subcommittee D01.42. Updates on active projects from six D01.42 task groups were presented. Carol Hawkins of Rohm & Haas volunteered to assume the role of Subcommittee Secretary of D01.42.

The group on Liquid Paint and Film-Formation has completed a new Standard Practice on Low-Temperature Coalescence (since published as D7306) and a Standard Practice for Evaluating Touch-Up (WK14245). Minor changes have been suggested for the revision of the current tint strength method D5326. The Dry Film Properties group discussed the precision and bias statement for Test Method D6736, "Burnish Resistance" that will be written and submitted for ballot. In addition, for Test Method D6900, "Wet Adhesion of Latex Paint to a Gloss Alkyd Enamel Substrate," we are searching for the research data within this task group to write the precision and bias statement to submit for ballot. A new test method for "Marker/Ink Stain Blocking of Interior Architectural Paints" was proposed. The Application Properties group received an update on the ongoing interlaboratory study of WK #13360, "Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Paints." The round-robin will begin sometime during March-April, 2007.

The Wood Coatings group received a report on an ongoing interlaboratory study to update ASTM D4446, "Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environments." Statistical analysis and a newly drafted precision and bias statement for D4446 are due for review at the June, 2007 D01 meeting. K. Alderfer volunteered to be the new chairperson for the task group. The Environmental Effects group discussed a new work item, WK13912, "Selecting Substrates for Weathering Evaluations of Architectural Coatings." The original intent of WK13912 was to create a practical alternative to ASTM D358, "Standard Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in Weathering Tests of Coatings." ASTM D6686, "Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings," is due for re-balloting and was assigned for review within the task group. O. Villar volunteered to be the new chairperson for the task group. The group on Standard Guides reviewed the latest draft of the proposed revision to ASTM D 6763, "Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains" to include water repellent materials. The guide was reviewed by the task group and will be submitted to Subcommittee ballot before the June meeting.

D01.44, Traffic Coatings

P. Guevin, Chair

The Thermoplastics group, J. Britt, Chair, discussed the revision of D 4960, "Test Method for Evaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials," and approved two new standards: D 7307, "Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials," and D 7308, "Practice for Sampling Preparation of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials." A Research Report on the determination of the precision for Test Method D 4960 was completed. When Practice D 7308 was balloted, P. Guevin reported it received a negative vote as Figure 1 was not on the ballot. It was found and the voter withdrew his negative vote. The revision of D 4796, "Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials," was discussed. P. Guevin pointed out reference footnote #3 needs to be revised as the named instrument is not the sole instrument that can be used to perform the test.

The Group on Traffic Marking Materials, G. Shay, Chair, discussed the revision of D 969, "Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degree of Bleeding of Traffic Paints," and D 868, "Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Bleeding of Traffic Paints." Mr. Guevin said one traffic paint chemist had replaced the pumice specified in the model formula with calcium carbonate. A revision of D 913, "Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to Wear of Traffic Paint," was discussed. P. Guevin reported that NTPEP/ Pennsylvania Transportation Institute (PTI) photographs are used rather than those in Test Method D 913 to rate wear. Mr. Shay handed out his "Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-off Resistance of Traffic Paint." Mr. Shay and Mr. Guevin will determine how better quality pictures could be made available.

The Night Visibility group, C. Tucker and G. Ware, Co-Chairs, discussed the repeatability study for D 1214, "Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Glass Spheres." They showed sieve size distribution data on 50-gram samples of Type I glass spheres analyzed by four Swarco laboratories. Operator #1 and Operator #2 used the same sieves and had better precision than the other operators. Possible techniques for obtaining representative glass bead samples for eventual round-robin studies were discussed. Circulating the samples was mentioned but the thought was dismissed immediately as screens tend to hold onto glass beads and the sample is no longer representative. Mr. Guevin said sampling techniques could be the source of poor precision results indicated in condensed minutes of meetings in the 1980s. M. Pohl recommended using a spinning riffler and volunteered to process glass beads using this technique. Sample size was discussed for the proposed flowing particle analyzer test method. Texas DOT recommended maintaining approximately the same number of particles for specific types of glass beads for each analysis rather than the 50-gram sample specified for Test Method D 1155 and Test Method D 1214. They provided a table to show approximate weight for each type of glass bead. ASTM will be consulted seeking statistical assistance in this area. AASHTO specifies only two different types of glass beads for traffic paint whereas there are 5 types of glass beads marketed for application. Mr. Ware volunteered to write an ASTM specification standard. T. Schwerdt distributed the following documents: "Current Method of Characterization" by Arturo Perez; Standard Specification for Glass Beads Used in Traffic Paints" (AASHTO Designation: M 247-05); and DMS-8290, Glass Traffic Beads (Texas Department of Transportation). The Perez (Texas Department of Transportation) document introduces the concept of SPHT rather than aspect ratio. Texas DOT will perform a designed experiment to plot out the correlation between retro-reflectivity and SPHT.

D01.45, Marine Coatings

L. Haslbeck, Chair

The group on Measuring Release Rates of Organic Biocide from Antifouling Coatings reviewed comments from the main committee ballot of method Z9489Z (WK105). Editorial changes were made during the meeting (projected image of method--edits made real time). A number of modifications were made. Editing and further review will be done, and then the method will be published.

The group on Rating Antifouling/Physical Coating Performance will ballot three methods (D4938, D4939, and D5479) to keep them on the books until they can be revised properly, patterning them after the modifications that are being made to D3623, "Testing Antifouling Paints in Shallow Submergence." The group discussed Method D3623, making modifications in real time (including title change). The main focus was on simplifying the method, but still maintaining some minimum set of requirements. An internet editing session was scheduled for February 21, 2007 at 8:00 am for two hours to continue the edits. Additional internet editing sessions will be scheduled following that session. The overall goal is to produce a version of the method that can be circulated (or balloted at subcommittee level) in advance of the June 2007 meeting. C. Perez suggested adding a zinc anode (or cathodic protection/disbondment) test to the panel evaluation methods. M. Ingle pointed out that most Navy surface combatants are outfitted with impressed current cathodic protection systems and not zinc anodes (for back up corrosion protection). He also noted that Navy qualified anticorrosive (AC) coatings already undergo cathodic disbondment testing (in accordance with MIL-PRF-23236), and that most antifouling (AF) coating systems use one of these AC coatings as part of the qualified system so therefore the AF/AC system combination is not required to undergo testing under cathodic protection conditions. Should modifications result in the development of more of a guide and not an actual specific set of instructions, then the specific instructions may need to be inserted into the Navy's performance specification documentation. Implications for MIL-PRF-24647 will be tracked.

A round-robin of the panel inspection method (D6990) was carried out on 23 January at Florida Atlantic University in Dania Beach, FL. The purpose of the round-robin was to establish a bias statement for the published version of the panel inspection method in accordance with ASTM requirements. Four fouled panels were transported to FAU. The panels had been pre-rinsed with seawater, and were transported in seawater-filled coolers. The participants were instructed to rate the panels in accordance with the current version of the method, as published (not in accordance with their normal rating practices). Participants inspected panels for fouling, damage, and softness. The data will be submitted to ASTM (P. Godorov) for analysis, and a bias statement generated.

The Copper Release Rate group was briefed by M. Ingle, who presented a verbal update on the status of UNDS--especially with respect to copper leachate. The draft document will be posted to the Federal Register for a public comment period. D6632, "Standard Test Method for Total Copper in Antifouling Paints" also was discussed. This method is due for reapproval. Key issues: the need for perchloric acid digestion vs. muffle furnace, precision and bias guidance, and minimum number of labs/samples needed. A special presentation was given on Tuesday, 23 January by D. Howell, PhD student of Dr. B. Behrends of the University of Newcastle, U.K. The title of the talk was "Alternative Method for Quantifying Biocide Release Rate from an Antifouling Coating". The method essentially involves applying an antifouling coating system (epoxy and antifouling) on a prepared steel cylinder and rotating that cylinder in an artificial seawater-filled chamber over relatively long periods of time (days). NOTE: the rotation period specified in ASTM D01.45 or ISO 15181-1 is one hour. The seawater continuously circulates through an ion exchange resin-filled column where the resin is specific for the most bioavailable form of copper, C[u.sup.2+]. The comprehensive data set presented was based on the release rate analysis of five commercially available antifouling coating systems under a wide array of test conditions (variables = rotation speed, temperature, natural vs artificial seawater, re-circulating vs. once through flow). The experimental design and results were discussed in depth during a follow-on one hour question and answer session. The project was sponsored by the European Union (EU) under EcoDock.

A. Finnie reported on recent ISO TC35/SC9/WG27 activities. ISO 15181 parts 1&2 (the equivalent of ASTM D6442 Copper Release) have been approved as draft international standards (DIS), and, after being translated into the required languages, are now ready to go through the final draft international standards (FDIS) stage. At the end of January 2007, the two-month FDIS period will begin. Once completed, the method will be published as an international standard. The Zineb method will, in parallel to parts 1 and 2, enter the FDIS stage. At the end of the FDIS period the methods will be made available for purchase. Triphenyl boron pyridine (PK) was recently approved as a committee draft (CD), and will now enter the DIS stage. This may be delayed due to concerns over the method LOD/LOQ. Dichlofluanid and tylofluanid are through the CD state and ready to enter the DIS stage. This method will be discussed in detail at the next ISO meeting scheduled for March in Japan. A. Finnie reported that CEPE conducted a special antifouling coatings workshop in December in Italy. A subset of key regulatory bodies accepted that ASTM/ISO methods overestimate environmental inputs of biocides. Those regulators tentatively accepted the concept of applying correction factors to rotating cylinder data. Provisional acceptance of this approach will be distributed (not sure in what format) to the wider EU community in March 2007. In January 2007 the OECD hosted a conference call (Haslbeck and Finnie plus others participated) to discuss interest (by OECD countries) in setting up a working group to address biocide release rate data development and end use applications. The group decided to start by developing a guidance document for generating and possibly using release rate data. This type of document provides guidance only, and is not binding. The UK volunteered to be the lead country.

Subcommittees are discouraged from requiring use of mercury-containing thermometers and pH electrodes (any lab equipment) unless no suitable alternative is available. As published, ASTM D5108 Sect 5.11 requires a mercury-containing pH electrode. The method will be editorially modified to remove this requirement. The words "suitable electrode" will be substituted.

D01.46, Industrial Protective Coatings

L. Smith, Chair

The Surface Preparation group, D. Weldon, Chair, heard a presentation by R. Stachnik on the protocol for the planned round-robin of Test Method C of D4417, "Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel." A pilot study had been performed on a 3" X 3" panel measuring anchor profile at a spot compared to the entire surface. Five measurements were made on one spot in each of the four quadrants of the panel and in the center of the panel. Twenty additional spot measurements were made in the upper left corner of the panel. It was found that the average anchor profile height when all five locations were averaged was 2.36 [+ or -] 0.13 mils compared to 2.47 [+ or -] 0.09 mils when all 25 measurements were made in one corner. This showed that there was no difference between spot measurements compared to random measurements made on this laboratory-blasted panel. The task group decided that the protocol for the round-robin should consist of making measurements over the entire panel surface rather than at one spot to be more consistent with Methods A and B in D4417. R. Stachnik also pointed out that the written protocol will advise the testers not to get closer than one inch from the edge of the panels. He estimated that it would take the round-robin participants about 45 minutes per tape grade to perform the test. L. Smith reported that he had been contacted by people who were volunteering to participate.

D. Weldon then discussed the revision to D2092, "Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting" (submitted by T. Langill), which was focused on continuous galvanizing. L. Smith pointed out that the original plans were to replace D2092 with two documents, one for preparation of hot-dip galvanizing surfaces for painting and the other for continuous galvanizing. D2092 was then going to be balloted for withdrawal once both the new Guides had passed Committee ballot. It was pointed out that changing D2092 to be just for preparation of continuous galvanizing would be inappropriate, especially if a contract cited it and the specifier was unaware that the scope of the document had been changed. Therefore it was decided that the Guide for preparation of continuous galvanizing would be given a new number. It was also pointed out that D6386, "Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Products and Hardware Surfaces for Painting," needs to be examined to make sure the distinction between continuous and hot-dip galvanizing is clear to the user. Comments made by the task group during the review of the document for continuous galvanizing were the need to reference D6386; referencing ASTM and SSPC standards rather than describing them in the document; and several editorial comments. The document will be modified and sent to subcommittee ballot.

The task group reviewed D2200, "Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel Surfaces" and noted a need to add SSPC-Vis 4/NACE-Vis 7, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Waterjetting, and SSPC-Vis 5/NACE-Vis 9, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning. The discussion of SSPC-Vis 1 needs to be updated, also. B. Corbett volunteered to develop the additional materials and update. The new document on "Measurement of Concrete Surface Roughness Using Replica Putty" prepared by R. Glover was discussed. The task group came to the conclusion that the document should be expanded to include the use of replica putty for making a job standard for visual comparison in addition to the use of the replica putty for measuring the roughness. They also expressed concern about the data in the Appendices where the ICRI standards were evaluated with the replica putty. The task group did not think that it was appropriate for ASTM to quantify what are essentially visual standards that are the property of another organization. It was also pointed out that other changes were needed.

The Repainting group, D. Allerton, Chair, discussed a negative on WK6346, "Guide for Detection of Surface Amine Exudate (Blush) of Epoxy Coatings." B. Corbett reported that no information could be found to respond to the question about false positives and false negatives. The task group decided to stop work on this document. D. Allerton then led a discussion on the re-approval of D610, "Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Panels." The only comment was a change in the scope stating that the photographs could be used to estimate the percentage of other coating defects. It was decided to make the changes and send D610 to joint subcommittee/main committee ballot. The remainder of the meeting was spent discussing two other standards that were up for reapproval, even though they were not part of this task group. L. Smith discussed D5064, "Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility." Some of the changes recommended were adding knife adhesion test, updating the thickness measurement methods, and some minor editorial changes. D5064 will be sent to joint subcommittee/main committee ballot. Updates to D5702, "Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals," were discussed. The recommendations included changing references to the current standards for measuring dry film thickness on steel and on concrete, and the addition of a comment about using the sample for other analytical analyses. The revised document will be balloted.

The Adhesion group, F. Gelfant, Chair, discussed plans for a round-robin test of D7234, "Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers." He recommended that a slab 9 ft x 9 ft be poured and then cut into 3 ft x 3 ft sections for easier transport. It was mentioned that 6 labs would be needed. It was decided that the slabs should be located in the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia areas based on the locations of the labs that volunteered and the ability to get extra people to participate. It was also decided that both thin film and thick film coatings would be tested. F. Gelfant volunteered to get estimates for fabricating the slabs so that the ASTM ILS program could be approached for financial assistance to perform the round-robin. L. Smith, Chair, then handed out the data obtained from the round-robin for D4541, "Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers." He informed the task group that ILS recommended a maximum of three pulls per panel per instrument, even though some people pulled all four dollies that they glued down. The task group decided to eliminate any individual pull where glue failure represented more than 50% of the surface, and then to eliminate the last pull if there were more than four pulls. L. Smith will review the data under these guidelines and submit them to ILS for analysis. Revisions to D6677, "Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife," were discussed. Users of this Standard who were present indicated that no major changes were needed. There was a comment that the significance and use of this standard with thick-film coatings needs to be addressed, and reference to D7234 needs to be added. The document will be reviewed and sent to joint subcommittee/main committee ballot.

The group on Graffiti Resistance, D. Allerton, Chair, considered a major revision to D6578, "Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance," which incorporated the changes from the last subcommittee ballot. The discussion on these changes, which was begun at the last meeting, was continued. D. Allerton will incorporate the changes suggested and the document will be submitted to subcommittee ballot. T. Schwerdt handed out a copy of the latest draft of the Texas DOT specification for Anti-Graffiti Coatings. It covers three types of coatings--sacrificial; permanent; and permanent, water cleanable. T. Schwerdt discussed Texas DOT's experience with these coatings. The Salt group, B. Corbett, Chair, reported that the next draft of the document was ready for main committee ballot. L. Smith presented information on studies performed by his company on naturally contaminated, rusted steel panels which showed that the extraction of salt for measurement was time-dependent, and much longer than the time normally used to perform the extraction. He also cited a report by S. Chong which showed that the amount of salt extracted decreased at high humidity as a function of time on doped laboratory panels. Therefore, it was decided to limit the scope of this document to newly blasted steel, and to provide warning that rust and porosity can affect the ability to extract salts. B. Corbett then started preliminary discussions on the round-robin test protocol for this method. Major items of concern were identified. A preliminary plan will be submitted at the next meeting.

The group on Testing of Applied Coatings, J. Fletcher, Chair, received preliminary revisions of D4787, "Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or Sheet Lining Applied to Concrete Surfaces," and D5162, "Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coatings on Metallic Substrates" from the Chair. He expressed concern that the recommended voltages for high-voltage holiday testing may be too high or too low in certain circumstances due to the dielectric strength of the coating. The amount of available time limited discussion. It was recommended that his current drafts be submitted for subcommittee ballot, if possible, and that additional time be allotted at the next meeting for proper discussion.

D01.47, Masonry Treatments

V. Huey, Chair

The current Chair of the subcommittee resigned as of this meeting. It has been proposed that Peter DeNicola be accepted as the new Chair of D01.47. The subcommittee is reviewing two new suggested methods on hot tire pick-up and water sensitivity of coatings applied to masonry. The group on Water Vapor Transmission of Treated Substrates, T. Sliva, Chair, discussed the need to start a round-robin on ASTM D 6490, "Standard Test Method for Moisture Vapor Transmission of Non Film Forming Treatments Used on Cementitious Panels." The group on Effectiveness of Field Applied Water Repellent Treatments Using a RILEM Tube discussed a new proposed standard that had been distributed to members of D01.47. The task group is looking for someone to chair this group.

D01.51 Powder Coatings

J. Hadden, Chair

The group on Film Thickness Measurement of Uncured Coating Powders, D. Beamish, Chair, discussed a draft of a practice for such measurements provided by the chair. It will be balloted this spring. J. Fletcher will determine if WK1354, "Predicting Cured Film Thickness of Powder Coatings by Measurement of the Applied Powder Layer Using a Noncontact Powder Thickness Gauge" is to remain open and whether a round-robin will be conducted. The Corner Coverage of Powder Coatings group, R. Boni, Chair, discussed potential changes to D2967 on corner coverage, which is up for review. Changes will be balloted this spring. The group on Specific Gravity of Coating Powders, D. Pennington, Chair, discussed potential changes to D5965, which is up for review. There may be an error in the precision and bias statements, which was not caught for at least two revisions. J. Hadden will try to contact the author, D. Schneider, and obtain the original information. If the issue can be resolved before ballot deadline, D. Pennington will submit changes to sub and main. Methods discussed in other groups included those for particle size, inclined plate flow of powders and gel time of thermosetting powders.

D01.53, Coil Coated Metal

C.A. Gosselin, Chair

The Pretreatment of Substrates group discussed whether there is a need for a new X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method for measuring pretreatment weight of the new zirconium-based pretreatments. XRF is beginning to be used for zirconium and R. Cianflone reported that machine has recently been put into production. At the June, 2007 meeting R. Cianflone will report on how the new instrument is working. D6492, "Standard Practice for Detection of Hexavalent Chromium of Zinc and Zinc/Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel," is due for review. J. Favilla will determine what needs to be done on the standard. He also will review D 6906, "Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium Treatment Weight on Metal Substrates by X-ray Fluorescence."

The Accelerated Weathering group discussed the best way to share the data from the large weathering study that compared 10 year South Florida results to a variety of accelerated methods. J. Smith will work with the help of other volunteers to determine how to publish the data. The general consensus was that those panels will not be exposed to additional weathering at this time. "Performing an Exterior Wet Stack Evaluation on Prepainted Coil Coated Metal" (WK11849), was balloted at subcommittee level. The ballot item received one negative and several affirmatives with comments. The task group voted the negative persuasive. T. Best will incorporate the suggestions derived from the discussion into a revision to be reballoted at subcommittee level. The task group suggested a review of currently utilized lab methods that simulate wet-stack storage. J. Favilla (J. Pierce and B. Tiburcio offering to help) will review those methods and summarize at the next meeting.

The group on Dry Film Thickness discussed data and analysis from a modified round-robin study aimed at investigating the precision of D 5796, "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Thin Film Coil-Coated Systems by Destructive Means Using a Boring Device." The conclusions were that the results of this study were much better (lower standard deviations) than the previous round-robin studies. J. Henderson had some photographs of drilled craters that demonstrate that some of jagged edges observed in the drilled holes are due to non-uniformity of the galvanizing. The next step is to carry out another Interlaboratory Study (ILS) on a similar range of panels. J. Henderson will head up a group to design that ILS. The Solvent Rub Tester group reviewed the revision of Z9495Z, "Test Method for Determining the Relative Resistance of a Coated Surface to Solvents using a Mechanical Rubbing Machine." K. Peters has revised D 4145, "Standard Test Method for Coating Flexibility of Prepainted Sheet," to include a bend forming tool. Some other suggestions for revision introduced at the meeting included temperature and gauge effects. K. Peters will consult with J. Smith and T. Best to finalize a revision and will submit that revision for the next subcommittee ballot.

D01.55, Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products

R. Polovich, Chair

G. Praschan chaired the meeting in the absence of the Chair, R. Polovich. The ad hoc Task Group on Work Item WK5391 "Guide for Environmental and Performance Verification of Liquid Coatings" recommended adoption of the proposed method after incorporating the editorial revisions based on the comments received from the D01 ballot. The title and scope will be changed to incorporate the intent that this guide applies to "Factory-Applied" liquid coatings. This revision was approved and it will be forwarded to ASTM for final action and publishing.

D01.56, Printing Inks

P. Ford, Chair

The Membership group, J. Daugherty, Chair, announced that a letter with a request for new members had been e-mailed to a relatively wide distribution list consisting of NAPIM members and attendees of the NPIRI Technical Conference. This resulted in six new members, four of whom attended this meeting. P. Ford mentioned that it would be beneficial to have a representative from a printer and asked members to mention this to their printer customers. The group on Lightfastness of Printed Matter, J. Fetsko, Chair, heard that the reballoting of D3424 (WK11598) received three negatives and an affirmation with comments that were editorial in nature. Negatives were received from: W. Ketola, who did not attach any reason or suggestions for changes. He did volunteer to write a revision M. Mizen voted negative within regard to the portion of D3424 drawn from other existing ASTM methods. D01.56 does not have jurisdiction over these other methods and cannot make the requested changes. N. Searle had multiple suggestions. After a group discussion it was agreed that the ballot will be withdrawn for revision. The interested parties will work together to write the revision that will then be submitted for ballot.

The Tinting Strength group, P. Ford, Chair, discussed D2066, "Relative Tinting Strength of Paste-Type Printing Ink Dispersions," which was revised with the addition of the DAC mixer for dispersion of the colorant in the bleaching white. The initial round-robin was unsuccessful, so a second round-robin with four samples and seven labs was then carried out. Repeatability was found to be 0.8% and reproducibility 5.0%. Compared to the existing precision statement, the DAC improved consistency within labs, but not between labs. There was a discussion in regard to using an auxiliary fan to keep the instrument and samples cool when in constant use. Currently there are no guidelines for the type or size of the fan or the placement location. Mr. Ford will contact P. Mueller for recommendations. The precision statement will have two sections; one based on the original data and the second based on this most recent round-robin. The Ink Emulsification group, P. Ford, Chair, was told that the standard water pick up test, D4942 (WK1451) was reapproved with only editorial changes. A second test method using the Lithotronic instrument has been underway for a number of years, but due to differences in the various models and in the software, pilot study results were quite variable. Also there were not a sufficient number of users of this instrument, which consists of a mixer with a torque sensor. Water is introduced to the ink under controlled conditions and results are based on changes in the unit's torque. When the manufacturer of the Lithotronic, Novamatics, heard of the problems, they claimed that the testing conducted by Eurocomit showed good precision. It was decided to solicit users of the Lithotronic in the U.S. (unfortunately Novamatics could not supply this information) and get details on the model number, serial number and version of the software before proceeding with any additional testing. J. Daugherty will contact all D01.56 members, NAPIM/TAM members and NPIRI Technical Conference attendees to establish a list of Lithotronics in use in the U.S. The group on Setting of Heat-set Ink Using the Sinvatrol Dryer, D. Ness, Chair, discussed D6073, which is up for five-year review, but must be revised due to the fact that the Sinvatrol Dryer is no longer in production. The current test method references Flint as the supplier of this unit, which needs to be removed. TestPrint had indicated that they would make a replacement, but this has not taken place, possibly due to the lack of economic return. After further discussion it was suggested that the test be written with a generic description of the tester with instructions on how to build the dryer with drawings and measurements/specifications. It was noted that construction of test equipment is frequently used for TAPPI Test Methods.

The group on Optical (now Reflection) Density, P. Ford, Chair, discussed WK3806, "Measuring Reflection Density of Printed Matter," which had received three negatives on the main committee ballot. Their details were:

* D. Rich noted that the precision statement did not include a bias. He submitted a proposed addition that was accepted by the subcommittee.

* J. Setchell of Pantone had a number of recommendations, including a name change to "reflection" density, which is correct as "optical" density can refer to transmission density as well.

* R. Montemayor had some good points with his negative vote: The scope indicates a limited density range of 0.85 to 1.6 which needs to be changed as the test can be used for plain paper to high density blacks which can have density values of 2.5+. The current summary is really a statement of "Significance of Use." Section 6.2 needs to be moved to the scope. It was pointed out that the word density can refer to specific gravity. We will make a statement in the beginning that after the initial reference to reflection density it will be referred to as density elsewhere within the document.

The Lab Print Preparation group, D. Ness and V. Waltz, Co-Chairs, discussed D6846 on preparing a print using a printing gauge, which is due for five-year review. It will be reviewed to determine if any revisions are necessary. We will need to change any references to "optical" density to reflect the change to "reflection" density. W. DeGroot sent an email to J. Daugherty requesting that the subcommittee develop an ASTM method for preparing lab prints using the Prufbau and IGT. It was agreed that we should not limit it to only these two instruments (we may want to include Peach Proofer and other available instruments). We will title this as "Mechanical Proofers to Produce Prints in the Laboratory."

The group on VOC of Energy Curable Inks was led by R. Waldo. This task force was initiated several years ago due to the lack of an ASTM test method that addressed thin film applications such as printed ink films. The only ASTM test method currently listed, D5403, Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials, under the jurisdiction of D01.55, calls for the use of a 1" X 2" piece of foil with a minimum of 0.2 grams of test material which does not duplicate the thin films used for printing inks. Attempts to address this issue resulted in a very large substrate sample size that cannot be cured or weighed with conventional laboratory equipment. At this point there is no apparent direction to resolve this issue. It was noted that ASTM has conducted a search for all methods containing the word "mercury" as they wish to eliminate the use of all mercury based thermometers for environmental reasons. D4713 and D4361 reference thermometers in accordance with E1. These references need to be replaced with E2251 that specifies non-mercury thermometers.

D01.57, Artists' Paints and Related Materials

M.D. Gottsegen, Chair

M. Gottsegen, Chair of the group on Light fastness of Pigments, reported that he and J. Luke had worked on blue wools for many years which helped lead to the development of the blue wools standards. He said that he had been awarded a $50,000 grant to study this issue further. He also reported that the negatives cast on the balloting of D 4303 had been resolved and the revision was published in April 2006. He also said that K. Scott would write a proposal and rationale for a revision that would address the issue in his withdrawn negative.

W. Berthel, Chair of the Specifications group, gave a Power Point presentation on the progress of testing of acrylic gessoes on raw linen vs. that previously done on cotton duck fabric. He said that his company had applied the size and that testers conducted four tests including Support Induced Coloration (SID), Oil Absorption, Oil Paint Adhesion, and Acrylic Paint Adhesion. He also said that, although the sampling and data were limited, the results suggested a correlation and support for going forward. He reminded attendees of the phases of this project: 1) Quality control and product stability; 2) Testing of ten gessoes with four sizes on cotton duck; and 3) Testing on raw linen. He recommended the following next steps: 1) Round robin study focused on SID, oil penetration and absorption; and 2) Physical property testing, which requires more planning and expert participation. He reported that he would be getting a work item number and writing a rationale to propose at the next meeting in April the addition of new color names and a revision to include alternatives to the word "mixture" in D 5098, "Specification for Artists' Acrylic Emulsion Paints." The group on Physical Properties heard that the Chair of this Task Group, R. Gamblin, could no longer serve as Chair because of a busy schedule. W. Berthel agreed to serve as Chair. M. Gottsegen also reported that it had been suggested that L * values be added to D 4838, "Test Method for Determining Relative Tinting Strength of Chromatic Paints."

The Toxicity group heard a report from Chair W. Stopford, M.D. that solubility testing had been completed for cobalt, copper and cadmium in a variety of art materials and that soluble metal levels when testing the art material as a whole were generally higher than when testing a metal-containing ingredient and extrapolating the results to the art material. A motion to revise D 5517, "Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials" by adding Section 1.5 to require testing on the art material as a whole, the proposed rationale to the Appendix, and Section 2. Referenced Documents and to submit it to concurrent D01.57/D01 ballot was approved. Dr. Stopford reported that auto-combustibility testing had been completed for oil-based materials that were not art materials. A motion to revise D 6801, "Standard Test Method for Measuring Maximum Spontaneous Heating Temperature of Art and Other Materials," to broaden its application to oil-based materials other than art materials, including the title and tables, and to Sections 5.2 and 6.2 to reflect precision and to add Section 8.7 on assessment and the required rationale and to submit it to concurrent D01.57/D01 ballot was approved. The group on Toxicity Determination, W. Stopford, M.D., Chair, reviewed the need for the development of a test method for measuring the aspiration potential of aerosol products. A motion to revise the draft "Test Method for Measuring the Aspiration Potential of Aerosol Products" by the addition of Section 7 and Section 8 with corrected spelling, the deletion of the word "provisional" and the addition of the proposed rationale and to submit it to concurrent D01.57/D01 ballot was approved.

The Pastels group, M. Skalka, Chair, heard a report from the chair and M. Gottsegen that the draft "Standard Specification for Artists' Pastels" submitted for D01.57 ballot should be withdrawn. After explanation of the reasons for withdrawal and subsequent discussion, a motion to withdraw the draft pastel standard was approved. M. Gottsegen and M. Skalka reported that J. Luke was preparing samples for retesting in Virginia daylight and for Xenon arc testing. Funds will be needed for Arizona daylight testing if Q-Panel or Atlas cannot donate such work. ColArt agreed to share its testing results. It was agreed that addressing whether hard and soft pastels with different preparation could be included in the same standard should be evaluated. It was also agreed that the effect of substrates should be addressed as well.

Printed Artists' Digital Media group: M. Gottsegen reported that there was an article on his website about possible standards for digital printing and that the Subcommittee needed at least one manufacturer and a volunteer to develop such a standard. He also said that he had been informed by one manufacturer that they might attend the April 2007 meeting. He also pointed out that there might be specimen preparation problems and other technical problems. The group on Hazardous Art Material Waste Disposal, B. Griffin, Chair, heard a report from M. Gottsegen on the two negatives cast on the D01.57 ballot of the two disposal standards. A motion to rule the negative of M. Rossol persuasive was approved. M. Gottsegen and B. Griffin reported that the Chair had made revisions to the standards that would hopefully satisfy M. Rossol's objections. A motion to rule the negative of V. Elliott that the standard was unnecessary and might encourage governmental intervention as non-persuasive was approved.

D01.61, Paint Application Tools

J.D. Feathers, Chair

Chair D. Kaminski of the Paint Brushes group showed concept pictures of a proposal to develop a method to measure paintbrush shedding. A prototype should be available by June for further evaluation and task group comments. Testing will still need to be performed to define the best method to expose shedding. We will also review commercially available testing equipment to see if it can be used for in this method development rather than building a custom test rig. The group on Paint Rollers, D. Punches, Chair, reviewed draft #13 of Work Item 6749 for the "Proposed Test Method for Fiber Shedding of Paint Roller Covers." Changes suggested by the task group included moving supplemental information to an appendix. Precision and Bias statements will be added to the next draft, reflecting the round-robin test results that were analyzed by the Interlaboratory Studies group. A research report will be compiled and submitted as supporting data for this method. The revised method will be posted as an updated Work Item and e-mailed to task group cooperators prior to the June meeting.

The Roller Fabrics group, chaired by E. Lowder, reviewed draft #9 of Work Item WK13725, for the "Proposed Practice of Physical Characterization of Sliver Knitted Paint Applicator Fabrics." Editorial changes suggested included changes to the format of definitions and metric dimensions. The procedure for tensile testing will be changed to require measurement for a two-inch total displacement, not displacement to the point of fabric breakage. The Pile Density method in section 7.4.8 will be changed to require multiplication of the result by two, not four as currently stated. Test results from a recent round-robin are being compiled for submittal to ASTM for development of a Precision and Bias statement. The current statements in the Precision and Bias section will likely be included as an Appendix. Keywords will be added and terminology will be reviewed to assess whether it should be included in the standard being developed by the Definitions group, led by D. Kaminski. That group reviewed and discussed the 22 definitions on paint applicator terms that had been proposed for balloting. This list has been formatted into a standard and will be registered as a Work Item to facilitate balloting.

The Fracture Resistance group, J. Feathers, Chair, reviewed the changes that were made on Draft #14 of WK 6755, "Proposed Standard Test Method for Testing Fracture of Level Paintbrush Filaments." These changes were made in response to a persuasive negative vote from a recent ballot. The changed document will be posted for balloting. The group on Brush Stiffness, M. Lambertson, Chair, reviewed draft #6 of the "Proposed Methods for Evaluating Paint Brush Stiffness." Changes suggested by the task group included removing the terminology section since it is redundant to the list being balloted by D. Kaminski. New pictures will be added, along with keywords and editing to make the measurement units in the method consistent with ASTM format. This method will be registered as a work item. A round-robin using three sets of brushes with known differing stiffness will be done with cooperators prior to the June 2007 meeting.

G03.02, Natural Environmental Testing

J. Robbins III, Chair

The group on Black Panels, led by O. Cordo, considered revisions to ASTM G179, "Specification for Manufacturing and Use of Black and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural Weathering Tests." These proposed revisions cover changes to the specifications for the white panel coating, as well as changes to calibration and manufacturing procedures. These revisions will be balloted at the G03.02 level prior to the next meeting. The Outdoor Tests group, chaired by J. Robbins, discussed a new work item to create a test method covering outdoor testing under glass for sealed test boxes with air recirculation. A new standard may be balloted prior to the next meeting. The Accelerated Outdoor Weathering group, J. Robbins, Chair, recently revised and published ASTM G90, "Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight." The group on Time of Wetness, chaired by J. Robbins, discussed both measuring time of wetness directly and determining time of wetness using available temperature and humidity data. Additional discussion will occur at the next meeting.