A tale of four cities.It's not the best of times for many unskilled urban dwellers The labor market labor market A place where labor is exchanged for wages; an LM is defined by geography, education and technical expertise, occupation, licensure or certification requirements, and job experience is booming but black, unskilled workers are being largely excluded from enjoying ... well ... the fruits of their labor. Such are the findings of the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, a six-year study jointly funded by the Russell Sage Russell Sage (4 August 1816 - 22 July 1906) was a financier and politician from New York. Sage was born at Verona in Oneida County, New York. He received a public school education and worked as a farm hand until he was 15, when he became an errand boy in a grocery conducted and Ford Foundations. Focusing on residential and employment discrimination against African Americans and other minorities in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit and Los Angeles Los Angeles (lôs ăn`jələs, lŏs, ăn`jəlēz'), city (1990 pop. 3,485,398), seat of Los Angeles co., S Calif.; inc. 1850. , the study found that the apparent blackout is due in part to the relocation of companies from the inner cities to the suburbs. Urban workers, limited by transportation difficulties and a lack of information about suburban job markets, are stymied in their job search efforts. Consequently, they face stiff competition for dwindling dwin·dle v. dwin·dled, dwin·dling, dwin·dles v.intr. To become gradually less until little remains. v.tr. To cause to dwindle. See Synonyms at decrease. jobs within the cities, although jobs in the suburbs are more plentiful and require fewer skills. And, in a tight labor market where competition for skilled workers is fierce, the benefits of higher education higher education Study beyond the level of secondary education. Institutions of higher education include not only colleges and universities but also professional schools in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art. aren't felt equally by all. For example, in Atlanta, a high school diploma A high school diploma is a diploma awarded for the completion of high school. In the United States and Canada, it is considered the minimum education required for government jobs and higher education. An equivalent is the GED. is worth an additional $7,280 in earnings per year for a white employee. By contrast, a black worker who graduated from high school earns a paltry $3,730 more than if he had dropped out after ninth grade. And in Los Angeles, black men who dropped out of high school were 92% less likely to be employed, vs. 56% for dropouts of all races. [GRAPH OMITTED] |
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