A review of gas flows in fiber suspensions.Application: This paper helps mills appreciate the effects of air entrainment Air entrainment is the intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete. The bubbles are introduced into the concrete by the addition to the mix of an air entraining agent, a surfactant (surface-active substance, a type of chemical that includes detergents). in their operations. An extensive reference list is provided to point the reader to more information. This paper provides a review of gas flows in fiber suspensions. It describes general gas flow characteristics in fiber suspensions by summarizing fundamental research in this area. It also reviews applications of gas flows in paper recycling Paper recycling is the process of recovering waste paper and remaking it into new paper products. There are three categories of paper that can be used as feedstocks for making recycled paper: mill broke, pre-consumer waste, and post-consumer waste. , pulping and bleaching, and papermaking unit operations Unit operations A structure of logic used for synthesizing and analyzing processing schemes in the chemical and allied industries, in which the basic underlying concept is that all processing schemes can be composed from and decomposed into a series of . Various gas flow characteristics are important to quantify gas flow in fiber suspensions; these include the local and average volumetric volumetric /vol·u·met·ric/ (vol?u-met´rik) pertaining to or accompanied by measurement in volumes. vol·u·met·ric adj. Of or relating to measurement by volume. gas fraction (termed gas holdup or void fraction), gas flow regime, and bubble size. Gas in fiber suspensions, introduced either intentionally or unintentionally, can cause several problems in pulp and paper processing, from reduced equipment capacity to poor paper machine performance. Various researchers have attempted to quantify selected gas flow characteristics in fiber suspensions and their relationship to pulp and paper mill performance, but much more must be done to describe the complete picture. Heindel is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University Academics ISU is best known for its degree programs in science, engineering, and agriculture. ISU is also home of the world's first electronic digital computing device, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. , Ames, IA 50011-2161, USA. Email Heindel at theindel@iastate.edu. |
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