A novel approach to seawater desalination using dual-staged nanofiltration.1583214658 A novel approach to seawater seawater Water that makes up the oceans and seas. Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5% water, 2.5% salts, and small amounts of other substances. Much of the world's magnesium is recovered from seawater, as are large quantities of bromine. desalination desalination or desalting Removal of dissolved salts from seawater and from the salty waters of inland seas, highly mineralized groundwaters, and municipal wastewaters. using dual-staged nanofiltration. Prepared by Yann A. Le Gouellec et al. American Water Works Assn. 2006 132 pages $263.00 Paperback TD479 More coastal municipalities are developing plans for sea water desalinization as inland fresh water sources decline, but are also facing significant energy costs in reverse osmosis reverse osmosis n. The movement of a solvent in the opposite direction from osmosis in such a manner that the solvent moves from a solution of greater concentration through a membrane to a solution of lesser concentration. that place projects out of their reach. This process, developed by the Long Beach Water Department, uses a dual-staged nanofiltration process, and in this sponsored report contributors cover both the theoretical and practical aspects of the system. They give a review of the literature and the theoretical basis for membrane characterization and function, describe membrane fouling and critical flux flux In metallurgy, any substance introduced in the smelting of ores to promote fluidity and to remove objectionable impurities in the form of slag. Limestone is commonly used for this purpose in smelting iron ores. , give operational optimization optimization Field of applied mathematics whose principles and methods are used to solve quantitative problems in disciplines including physics, biology, engineering, and economics. techniques, including predictive and optimization models and tests, describe blending strategies and challenges from marine viruses and bacteria and alternatives, and make recommendations for suitable membranes, process operations and system integration. They include pilot data and references. ([c]20062005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR) |
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