A link between nonconsensual sex and HIV prevention.Evidence from the literature supports integrating components of nonconsensual sex prevention into HIV HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), either of two closely related retroviruses that invade T-helper lymphocytes and are responsible for AIDS. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS in the United States. prevention programs and, conversely, including HIV prevention messages in programs to prevent nonconsensual sex. Analysis of data from community-based surveys conducted in 1998 and 1999 among more than 4,000 reproductive-age women in Uganda found that women who perceived their partners to be at risk of HIV were more than twice as likely to report being victims of sexual coercion than were women who thought their partners were unlikely to be at risk. Authors of the analysis suggest that women who perceive their partners to be at high risk of HIV are more likely to refuse sex, which may trigger sexual coercion by the partners. This illustrates the need for HIV prevention programs to teach such women how to negotiate sex, rather than simply refuse it, with the ultimate goal of preventing coercion. (1) A review of 29 studies of violence and HIV in the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. and sub-Saharan Africa highlights several other ways that nonconsensual sex can be addressed in HIV prevention programs, and vice versa VICE VERSA. On the contrary; on opposite sides. : (2) * HIV voluntary counseling and testing Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV usually involves two counseling sessions: one prior to taking the test known as "pre-test counseling" and one following the HIV test when the results are given, often referred to as "post-test counseling". centers can screen individuals for a history of nonconsensual sex, both to identify those at high risk of HIV infection and to refer those who have recently experienced nonconsensual sex to care and support services support services Psychology Non-health care-related ancillary services–eg, transportation, financial aid, support groups, homemaker services, respite services, and other services . * Staff of HIV prevention programs need to keep in mind that women at risk for nonconsensual sex usually do not have enough control in their relationships to use HIV prevention methods, especially male-controlled condoms, during sex. * Programs to prevent nonconsensual sex can identify and counsel individuals who are at high risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. * Kerry Wright Aradhya References (1) Koenig MA, Lutalo T, Zhao F, et al. Coercive co·er·cive adj. Characterized by or inclined to coercion. co·er  cive·ly adv. sex in rural
Uganda: prevalence and associated risk factors. Soc Sci Med
2004;58(4):787-98.
(2) Maman S Maman is a sculpture by the artist Louise Bourgeois. The sculpture, which resembles a spider, is over 30ft high and is cast in bronze and stainless steel. It was created in 2001, and is currently situated outside the Mori Tower in Roppongi Hills, Japan. , Campbell J, Sweat MD, et al. The intersections of HIV and violence: directions for future research and interventions. Soc Sci Med 2000;50(4):459-78. |
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