A fly in the buttermilk.Although the Professional Golfers' Association's "Caucasian-only" clause, barring non-whites from participating in PGA-sanctioned events and membership, wasn't written into the organization's by-laws until 1934, blacks were, in effect, shunned and discouraged from participating in PGA (1) (Professional Graphics Adapter) An early IBM PC display standard for 3D processing with 640x480x256 resolution. It was not widely used. (2) (Programmable Gate Array) See gate array and FPGA. tournaments. However, a light-skinned African-American named Dewey Brown Dewey Brown was one of the first African American members of the Professional Golfers Association of America (PGA). He became a member in 1928 after having worked as a caddie in New Jersey. found a way to circumvent the PGA's rigid racial non-policy. Born in rural North Carolina North Carolina, state in the SE United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (E), South Carolina and Georgia (S), Tennessee (W), and Virginia (N). Facts and Figures Area, 52,586 sq mi (136,198 sq km). Pop. around the turn of the 20th century, Brown began a long career in golf after his family moved to New Jersey. The young caddie became a player of note but gravitated toward clubmaking, fashioning clubs for socialites and some of the game's top players. Chick Evans Charles E. "Chick" Evans, Jr. (July 18, 1890 – November 6, 1979) was a leading amateur golfer of the 1910s and 1920s. Evans was the first amateur to win the U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur in one year, a feat he achieved in 1916. Evans went on to win the U.S. used a set made by Brown to win the 1916 U.S. Amateur. Brown also became a respected golf instructor, working with renowned professional Willie Norton. In 1928 Brown secured membership in the PGA of America. For six years, he performed all the duties of a golf professional, from instructing club members and equipment repair to overseeing outings and tournaments. In 1934, though, his membership in the PGA was inexplicably terminated. That same year the PGA added the following amendment to its constitution, Article III, Section I: "Professional golfers of the Caucasian Race Noun 1. Caucasian race - a light-skinned race Caucasoid race, White people, White race race - people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock; "some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings" and their assistants, over the age of 18 years and residing in North America North America, third largest continent (1990 est. pop. 365,000,000), c.9,400,000 sq mi (24,346,000 sq km), the northern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere. or South America, who have served at least three years in the profession (either in employ of a golf club or as an assistant to a qualified professional) shall be eligible for election to membership, and in addition thereto the Association, in representative assembly, may elect any number of honorary members and from said honorary members may elect an honorary president and not to exceed two honorary vice-presidents." The timing of the amendment could have been coincidence, but it is a certainty that Brown fit the PGA's criteria for membership in every respect but one. Apparently, his lack of pigmentation pigmentation, name for the coloring matter found in certain plant and animal cells and for the color produced thereby. Pigmentation occurs in nearly all living organisms. no longer masked his true ethnicity. He served at numerous clubs in New Jersey before his death in 1973, 12 years after the "Caucasian-only" clause was eliminated from the PGA's constitution. |
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