A CENTURY OF AMERICAN FOOD.Byline: - Carol Bidwell and Natalie Haughton Staff Writers Boy, have we come a long way where food's concerned in the last 100 years - and it's been a delicious and fun-filled journey. At the outset of the 20th century, getting meals on the table was hard work. There were no refrigerators, toasters, or gas or electric ranges. Gadgets and appliances like stand mixers, blenders and food processors were nonexistent non·ex·is·tence n. 1. The condition of not existing. 2. Something that does not exist. non . Buying groceries was a time-consuming effort, offering consumers little choice. Canned, frozen and convenience foods gradually began to appear. New types of eateries - including the cafeteria, soda fountain and fast-food establishments - offered quicker, more accessible and less expensive options for eating out. Self-service grocery stores and giant supermarkets were born. And the culinary scene exploded with new foods, restaurants and more. Is it any wonder that Americans greeted each new advance - from the introduction of packaged cake and pudding mixes to microwave ovens and bread machines - with great enthusiasm? Look inside for a listing of some of the products, gadgets and (we've come to believe) necessities that have helped make our lives in the kitchen easier over the past century. Some may take you down memory lane. 100 YEARS OF AMERICAN FOOD 1900 - Hershey manufactures a milk chocolate bar. Wesson oil debuts. 1901 - Instant coffee is invented. ``The Settlement Cookbook'' by Lizzie Black Kander Lizzie Black Kander (1858 - 1940) was born in Wisconsin to German Jewish immigrants. In 1896 she founded the Keep Clean Mission at B'ne Jeshurun Temple in Milwaukee to help educate young Jewish girls to assimilate to a more mainstream American way of life. published. 1902 - Fannie Farmer opens her cooking school in Boston. Karo KARO Kane Amateur Radio Operators (Kane, PA) syrup goes on sale. The Pepsi-Cola Co. is founded. 1903 - A San Pedro, Calif., packer puts tuna fish in cans for the first time. Milton Hershey builds a chocolate factory in Derry Church, Pa., which will be renamed Hershey in 1906. 1904 - The St. Louis World's Fair in St. Louis, Mo., introduces hamburgers and hot dogs on rolls, iced tea, ice cream in waffle See WAFL. cones, popcorn and peanut butter. French's mustard is introduced. Campbell's introduces canned pork and beans Noun 1. pork and beans - dried beans cooked with pork and tomato sauce dish - a particular item of prepared food; "she prepared a special dish for dinner" . Tea merchant Thomas Sullivan invents tea bags. The banana split is invented at Strickler's Drug Store in Latrobe, Pa. Dr Pepper debuts. 1905 - America's first pizzeria opens in New York's Little Italy. 1906 - Kellogg's Corn Flakes hit market shelves. U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act This is an article about the United States Food and Drug Act; for the Canadian version see Food and Drugs Act. For the band see Pure Food and Drug Act (band). The Pure Food and Drug Act passes. The hot fudge sundae is created at C.C. Brown's ice cream parlor Ice cream parlors are places that sell ice cream and frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is normally sold in two varieties in these stores: soft-serve ice cream (normally with just chocolate, vanilla, and "twist", a mix of the two), and hard-packed, which has an assortment of in Hollywood. 1907 - Hershey's Kisses introduced. Minnesota Valley Canning Co. in Le Sueur packs peas and corn in cans. 1908 - Post Toasties cornflakes cornflakes Noun, pl a breakfast cereal made from toasted maize cornflakes npl → copos mpl de maíz; cornflakes mpl are introduced. The first cafeteria opens in Los Angeles. 1909 - Quaker sells puffed rice cereal. 1910 - Hydrox Biscuit Bon Bons hit store shelves, later known as Hydrox cookies. The first homes are marketed with built-in kitchen cabinets. 1911 - William Gebhardt markets the first canned chili and tamales. Crisco is introduced. 1912 - First self-service grocery stores open in California. Life Savers candy appears. Nabisco introduces Oreo Cream Sandwiches to compete with Hydrox Bon Bons. 1914 - First electric refrigerator introduced for commercial use. Reuben sandwich created at Reuben's Restaurant in New York City New York City: see New York, city. New York City City (pop., 2000: 8,008,278), southeastern New York, at the mouth of the Hudson River. The largest city in the U.S. . 1915 - Corning introduces Pyrex. Processed cheese introduced. 1916 - Piggy-Wiggly opens in Memphis, Tenn., and becomes the first supermarket chain. Fortune cookie invented. Nathan's hot dog stand A hot dog stand is a food business stand that sells hot dogs, usually from an external counter on a public thoroughfare such as a road, street, mall or food court. opened at Coney Island, N.Y. 1918 - Canned tomato sauce is introduced. 1919 - KitchenAid introduces the first stand mixer for the home. 1920 - Prohibition begins. Home winemaking takes off. Candy lovers could buy Oh Henry! and Baby Ruth. Wonder bread introduced. La Choy Food Products started in Detroit. 1921 - Stainless steel stainless steel: see steel. stainless steel Any of a family of alloy steels usually containing 10–30% chromium. The presence of chromium, together with low carbon content, gives remarkable resistance to corrosion and heat. flatware introduced. First White Castle burger stand opens in Wichita, Kan.; customers urged to ``Buy 'em by the sack'' at 5 cents each. Eskimo Pie is introduced. Quaker markets quick-cooking oats oats, cereal plants of the genus Avena of the family Gramineae (grass family). Most species are annuals of moist temperate regions. The early history of oats is obscure, but domestication is considered to be recent compared to that of the other . Betty Crocker, a figurehead figurehead, carved decoration usually representing a head or figure placed under the bowsprit of a ship. The art is of extreme antiquity. Ancient galleys and triremes carried rostrums, or beaks, on the bow to ram enemy vessels. , is created by the company that would later become General Mills. 1923 - Milky Way candy bar introduced, along with Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, Yoo-Hoo chocolate drink, and Welch's grape jelly. 1924 - Tijuana restaurateur Caesar Cardini invents the Caesar Salad. The Popsicle is patented. Wheaties introduced. 1925 - The paper napkin and Mr. Goodbar are introduced. The Brown Derby restaurant opens in Los Angeles. 1926 - Toastmaster toast·mas·ter n. A man who proposes the toasts and introduces the speakers at a banquet. toastmaster Noun a person who introduces speakers and proposes toasts at public dinners Noun 1. automatic toaster first available for home use. Brown Derby owner Bob Cobb creates the Cobb Salad to use up leftovers. Hormel cans its first hams. 1927- Kool-Aid is first sold. Milk is homogenized ho·mog·e·nize v. ho·mog·e·nized, ho·mog·e·niz·ing, ho·mog·e·niz·es v.tr. 1. To make homogeneous. 2. a. To reduce to particles and disperse throughout a fluid. b. . 1928 - Butterfinger candy bars, Peter Pan Peanut Butter and Rice Krispies cereal introduced. Kraft makes Velveeta cheese available. 1929 - Coin-operated vending machine patented. 7-Up goes on sale. Gerber's debuts canned baby food. Oscar Mayer Wieners introduced. 1930 - Bread lines appear in major U.S. cities even as the first presliced bread is sold. Jiffy A fraction of time that has numerous interpretations depending on who uses it. It may refer to one computer clock cycle, one nanosecond, one millisecond or one AC power cycle. There may be others. See nanosecond. 1. biscuit mix, Twinkies packaged cakes and Snickers
Snickers is a sweet bar made by Mars, Incorporated. candy bars debut. Birdseye introduces frozen food. Better Homes & Gardens produces its first cookbook. Electric stoves appear. Ruth Wakefield invents the chocolate chip cookie at her historic Toll House Inn in Massachusetts. 1931 - Bisquick biscuit mix introduced. ``The Joy of Cooking'' by Erma Rombauer first published. 1932 - Campbell's introduces canned tomato soup. 1933 - Eighteenth Amendment The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads: - Prohibition - repealed. Ernest and Julio Gallo go into wine business and start the E. and J. Gallo winery in Modesto, Calif. 1934 - The Ritz Cracker is introduced. 1935 - Pepperidge Farm bread is introduced. Pan Am serves the first hot in-flight meals. 1936 - Commercially baked Girl Scout cookies go on sale for 25 cents a box. 1937 - Spam is introduced. Waring Blendor marketed as bartender's tool. Kraft Macaroni & Cheese Dinner rolls out on supermarket shelves. First shopping carts in use. 1938 - Victor Bergeron opens the first Trader Vic's restaurant in Oakland, Calif. featuring Polynesian food and potent rum drinks. Teflon is discovered. Revere Ware with its copper bottoms is introduced. 1939 - Nestle Toll House Morsels become available. U.S. Department of Agriculture introduces first food stamp program The US Food Stamp Program is a federal assistance program that provides food to low income people living in the United States. Benefits are distributed by the individual states, but the program is administered through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. to feed the needy. First Dairy Queen opens in Joliet, Ill. 1940 - Dick and Mac McDonald Richard "Dick" J. McDonald (February 16, 1909 – July 14, 1998) and Maurice "Mac" McDonald (November 26, 1902 – December 11, 1971) were two early American fast food pioneers, originally from Manchester, New Hampshire, who established the first McDonald's open the first McDonald's in San Bernardino, Calif. James Beard's first cookbook, ``Hors d'Oeuvres and Canapes,'' appears. 1941 - Gourmet magazine debuts. M&Ms candies introduced. General Electric introduces the garbage disposal. 1942 - Food rationing begins. Dannon yogurt debuts. 1943 - First deep-dish pizza created at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago. Recommended Daily Allowances of various nutrients first published. 1944 - Chiquita bananas are marketed. 1945 - Food rationing ends for all items except sugar. Earl W. Tupper invents resealable food containers. Cheerios shows up on store shelves. 1946 - Frozen french fries and orange juice are introduced, along with instant mashed potatoes. The Culinary Institute of America opens in Connecticut and later moves to New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of . James Beard hosts ``I Love to Eat,'' America's first television cooking show. 1947 - Reynolds Metal Co. markets aluminum foil to the public. Raytheon introduces the Radarange, though the first microwave oven isn't marketed to the public until the late '50s. Reddi-Whip, the first major aerosol food product, debuts. Betty Crocker and Pillsbury launch the first cake mixes. 1948 - Nestle introduces instant tea. 1949 - First Sara Lee cheesecake sold. First Pillsbury Bake-Off Contest is staged in the ballroom at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York; grand prize was $50,000. Kitchen Aid develops the first electric dishwasher. 1950 - First Jack-in-the-Box opens in San Diego and Dunkin' Donuts opens in Quincy, Mass. Minute Rice is introduced, along with Kraft presliced cheese, Rice Chex, Sugar Pops and Wheat Chex cereals. 1951 - Glen Bell opens the first Taco Bell in San Bernardino, Calif. 1952 - Colonel Harlan Sanders sells the first Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise. Lipton markets dry onion soup mix and California Dip is born. Dow introduces Saran Wrap Noun 1. Saran Wrap - a thin plastic film made of saran (trade name Saran Wrap) that sticks to itself; used for wrapping food cling film, clingfilm plastic wrap - wrapping consisting of a very thin transparent sheet of plastic . 1953 - First refrigerated bread dough marketed. Eggo frozen waffles introduced, along with Cheez Whiz. Presto develops the electric skillet. 1954 - Swanson introduces the TV dinner. Butterball debuts the first self-basting frozen turkey.The first Burger King opens in Miami. M&Ms peanut candies appear. Non-fat dry milk is introduced. 1956 - The electric can opener is invented. The U.S. Department of Agriculture formulates the four basic food groups. 1957 - Pam cooking spray patent issued. Sweet 'n Low debuts. Williams-Sonoma opens in San Francisco. 1958 - The Delaney Clause Delaney Clause Public health An addition to the US Food, Drug & Cosmetics Act, prohibiting the use of food additives known to be carcinogenic in experimental animals. See Alar, Ames test, Food & Drug Administration, Risk assessment. , added to the Pure Food and Drug Act, bans the addition of any carcinogen carcinogen: see cancer. carcinogen Agent that can cause cancer. Exposure to one or more carcinogens, including certain chemicals, radiation, and certain viruses, can initiate cancer under conditions not completely understood. to food. 1959 - Haagen-Dazs is introduced, along with Rice-a-Roni and Jif Peanut Butter, Cocoa Krispies, Cocoa Puffs and Corn Chex cereals. The Four Seasons restaurant opens in New York. 1960 - Peg Bracken's ``I Hate to Cook Book'' is published. Aluminum cans first used for food and drinks. Salton's electric Hotray becomes the appliance rage. 1961 - ``Mastering the Art of French Cooking Mastering the Art of French Cooking is a two-volume French cookbook written by the American Julia Child and the Frenchwomen Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle for the American market and published by Knopf in 1961 (Volume 1) and 1970 (Volume 2). ,'' by Julia Child, Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle is published. Ray Kroc buys McDonald's, initiates many innovations and the establishment is on the way to becoming a leader in the fast-food business. 1962 - The pop-top can debuts along with frozen pie crust. 1963 - ``The French Chef'' with Julia Child hits the air on WGBH-TV in Cambridge and is syndicated to 60 other cities. Weight Watchers is founded. General Electric develops the self-cleaning oven. 1964 - Buffalo Chicken Wings invented at the Anchor Bar in Buffalo, N.Y. Pop-Tarts, nachos and Carnation carnation: see pink. carnation Herbaceous plant (Dianthus caryophyllus) of the pink family, native to the Mediterranean, widely cultivated for its fringe-petaled, often spicy-smelling flowers. Instant Breakfast are introduced. 1965 - Cool Whip and Shake 'n' Bake debut. 1966 - Catholics are permitted to eat meat on Fridays. 1967 - Compact microwave ovens introduced. Gatorade appears on store shelves, along with Lawry's Taco Seasoning. 1969 - Whirlpool unveils the first home trash compactor. Chopped-and-formed Pringles potato chips debut. 1970 - New on store shelves: Hamburger Helper, Orville Redenbacher's Gourmet Popping Corn. 1971 - Alice Waters opens Chez Panisse restaurant in Berkeley, pioneering California cuisine. The first Starbucks opens in Seattle. Rival trademarks the Crock-Pot. 1972 - Sicilian-born Piero Selvaggio opens Valentino in Santa Monica. Frozen yogurt is introduced. Mr. Coffee debuts along with Snapple fruit juices. 1973 - The Cuisinart Food Processor is introduced. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration implements the first food package labeling regulations. Universal Product Codes begin to appear on food packages. 1974 - The first supermarket scanners are installed. Miller introduces Miller Lite, the first light beer. 1975 - ``The Doubleday Cookbook'' is published, complete with calorie counts for the first time. 1977 - Dean & DeLuca and the Silver Palate specialty-food stores open in New York City. Debbie Fields opens the first Mrs. Fields cookie shop. 1978 - ``Food & Wine'' and ``Cuisine'' magazines debut. Ben & Jerry's ice cream premieres in Vermont. 1979 - First Zagat Restaurant Survey appears in New York. Paul Prudhomme opens K-Paul Louisiana Kitchen in New Orleans and the cajun craze takes off. Michael's restaurant opens in Santa Monica. 1980 - Tofu appears in U.S. supermarkets along with Fruit Roll-Ups. 1981 - FDA FDA abbr. Food and Drug Administration FDA, n.pr See Food and Drug Administration. FDA, n.pr the abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration. approves aspartame aspartame: see sweetener, artificial. aspartame Synthetic organic compound (a dipeptide) of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 150–200 times as sweet as cane sugar and is used as a nonnutritive tabletop sweetener and in low-calorie as an artificial sweetener. Stouffer's introduces Lean Cuisine dinners and entrees. 1982 - Chef Wolfgang Puck opens Spago on Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood with an open kitchen offering sophisticated cuisine and service in a casual setting. Actor Paul Newman founds Newman's Own food company. Scramblers (egg substitute) become available for cholesterol-watchers. 1984 - Hidden Valley introduces ranch dressing in packets. 1985 - Americans are outraged when Coca Cola changes its 99-year-old formula, and the company brings back Classic Coke. Union Square Cafe opens in New York. 1987 - ``Cooking Light'' magazine debuts. Nestle introduces Alpine White, America's first white chocolate bar. Charlie Trotter's in Chicago and Matsuhisa in Beverly Hills open. 1988 - Boboli pizza crusts make assembling a homemade pizza easy work. 1990 - FDA issues new Dietary Guidelines dietary guidelines Cardiology A series of dietary recommendations from the Nutrition Committee of the Am Heart Assn, that promote cardiovascular health. See Caloric restriction, food pyramid, French paradox. for Americans and adopts the Food Guide Pyramid Food Guide Pyramid n. A food pyramid devised by the US Department of Agriculture in 1992, in which grains and cereals represent the base beneath layers for fruits and vegetables, meats and dairy products, and fats and sweets at the peak. , doing away with the four food groups in favor of a pyramid-shaped eating plan that emphasizes grains and vegetables and limits meat and fats. Jamba Juice bars open in California. Eating Well magazine debuts. 1993 - The Food Network, the first 24-hour food TV channel, debuts. SnackWells introduces low-fat cookies. 1995 - Pillsbury increases the grand prize in its Bake-Off to $1 million. DiGiorno Rising Crust pizza debuts. 1996 - Betty Crocker has a new face, a composite of 75 women. The FDA approves Procter & Gamble's Olestra olestra Sucrose polyester, Olean® A proprietary synthetic–no-calorie fat, approved by the FDA–for use in savory snack foods–eg, tortilla chips, potato chips, and crackers; Side effects GI discomfort including cramps, diarrhea; it fat substitute for use in snack foods. Lay's introduces baked potato chips. 1997 - The FDA approves irradiation of meat. 1998 - Jell-O, celebrating its 101st year on store shelves, opens the Jell-O Museum in Rochester, N.Y. 1999 - Sales of premium champagnes soar as Americans perpare to toast the new millenium. SOURCES: ``The American Century Cookbook'' by Jean Anderson (Clarkson Potter, $35); ``Fashionable Food'' by Sylvia Lovegren (Macmillan; $25); ``Better Homes & Gardens' 75 Years of All-Time Favorites'' (Better Homes & Gardens Books; $29.95); ``America Eats Out'' (William Morrow & Co; $25); ``Back of the Box Gourmet'' (Simon & Schuster Simon & Schuster U.S. publishing company. It was founded in 1924 by Richard L. Simon (1899–1960) and M. Lincoln Schuster (1897–1970), whose initial project, the original crossword-puzzle book, was a best-seller. ; $12.95); Bon Appetit magazine, September 1999; and ``On the Town in New York'' (Routledge; $30.). CAPTION(S): 28 Photos Photo: (1--28) no caption (Historical food photos) Graphics: Jon Gerung/Staff Artist |
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