2009 Pulitzer Prize Winners.

The prizes were announced on April 20, 2009 at columbia University.

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FICTION

OLIVE KITTERIDGE |ELIZABETH STROUT: Olive Kitteridge, a retired seventh grade math teacher and pharmacist's wife, is quick, sharp, big, gossipy, and not an easy force to reckon with. In 13 short stories set in Crosby, a small, fictional town in Maine, olive crosses paths with fellow Mainers. (**** July/Aug 2008)

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HISTORY

THE HEMINGSES OF MONTICELLO An American Family | ANNETTE GORDON-REED: The author, whose research led to findings that Jefferson likely fathered at least some of hemings's children, explores hemings's origins, pivotal moments, and descendants. She also explains how slavery functioned in early America. (**** Jan/Feb 2009)

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BIOGRAPHY/AUTOBIOGRAPHY

AMERICAN LION Andrew Jackson in the White House | JON MEACHAM: While keeping his eye on Jackson's pivotal role in shaping the modern executive branch, the editor of Newsweek nevertheless tells a personal story. (**** SELECTION, Mar/Apr 2009)

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GENERAL NONFICTION

SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II | DOUGLAS A. BLACKMON: Although the emancipation Proclamation purportedly marked an end to slavery, indentured servitude nonetheless continued well into the 20th century through the traffi cking of black convicts. Relying on personal testimony, Blackmon explores the horrors of this "Age of Neoslavery."