"The home of my people".When Lewis and Clark stumbled onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1805, they encountered the Nez Perce (nehz PURS PURS Pesticide Use Reporting System (State of Oregon) PURS Post, Utility, Reference, Setup PURS Public Utility Regulating Station PURS Program Usage Replenishment System ) Indians, Members of the tribe fed the explorers, showed them how to make canoes, and guided them toward the Columbia River Columbia River River, southwestern Canada and northwestern U.S. Rising in the Canadian Rockies, it flows through Washington state, entering the Pacific Ocean at Astoria, Ore.; it has a total length of 1,240 mi (2,000 km). . In the decades following the encounter, tensions arose as white settlers and gold-miners began to invade in·vade v. in·vad·ed, in·vad·ing, in·vades v.tr. 1. To enter by force in order to conquer or pillage. 2. Indian lands. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed treaties with the U.S. government, selling part of their territory. The government always broke those treaties and demanded more land. Other chiefs refused to go along with the government's plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose band lived in the Wallowa Valley (present-day Oregon). "In order to have all people understand how much land we owned," he once explained, "my father planted poles around it and said: 'Inside is the home of my people .... It circles around the graves of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man.'" But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation. Seeing that resistance was futile, Chief Joseph agreed to move. Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. Finally, he was forced to surrender about 40 miles from the U.S.-Canadian border. "From where the sun now stands," Chief Joseph said, "I will fight no more forever." The map shows Nez Perce lands in 1855, when the first treaty with the U.S. was signed. It also shows the Nez Perce Reservation today. Study the map, and then answer the questions. Questions 1. In 1855, Nez Perce lands included parts of which present-day states? 2. Today, the Nez Perce Reservation is limited to a small area in which state? 3. How wide is today's Nez Perce Reservation at its widest point? 4. The home of Chief Joseph's band was in which river valley? 5. Which mountains had Lewis and Clark just crossed when they reached Nez Perce lands? 6. U.S. troops attacked Chief Looking Glass Chief Looking Glass (Allalimya Takanin c.1832-1877) was a Nez Perce war leader who, with Chief Joseph, directed the 1877 retreat from eastern Oregon into Montana and onward toward the Canadian border during the Nez Perce War. Camp in 1877. The camp was located by which river? 7. In 1877, the fleeing Nez Perce crossed the Lolo Pass from Idaho into which state? 8. Which city is located near the western border of today's Nez Perce Reservation? 9. Which two U.S. routes pass through the reservation? 10. Which river shown on the map forms part of Idaho's western border? 1. Idaho, Washington, Oregon 2. Idaho 3. about 60 miles 4. Wallowa 5. Bitterroot Range Bitterroot Range, part of the Rocky Mts., on the Idaho-Mont. line. The main range, running northwest-southeast, includes Trapper Peak (10,175 ft/3,101 m high); Mt. Garfield (10,961 ft/3,341 m), in an east-running spur to the south, is the highest peak. 6. Clearwater River Clearwater River 1. A river, about 209 km (130 mi) long, of northwest Saskatchewan and northeast Alberta, Canada. It joins the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray. 2. 7. Montana 8. Lewiston, Idaho Lewiston is the county seat of and largest city in Nez Perce County, Idaho, United States. It is the second largest city in the Idaho Panhandle region behind Coeur d'Alene. 9. U.S. 12 and U.S. 95 10. Snake River Snake River River, northwestern U.S. It is the largest tributary of the Columbia River and one of the most important streams in the Pacific Northwest. It rises in the mountains of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and flows south and west through Idaho, turning north at |
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