"'Long live liberty, equality, fraternity and dynamite:' the German bourgeoisie and the constructing of popular liberal and national-socialist subculture in marginal Germany".

Oded Heilbronner, "'Long Live Liberty, Equality, Fraternity and Dynamite:' The German Bourgeoisie and the Constructing of Popular Liberal and National-Socialist Subculture in Marginal Germany"

It is well known that in most regions which were the strongholds of German Liberalism in the decade before 1914 the Nazi Party won massive support from the late 1920s. The article would like to add another dimension to the many explanations which have been offered in recent decades for the Nazi success. It seeks to exonerate the provincial-bourgeois-Liberals from the accusation of being proto-fascists or volkisch-nationalists, and explain the dual nature of German Liberalism and National Socialism before 1933. In order to do this, the article examines neglected radical-bourgeois elements in some southern German regions which were strongholds of National-Socialism in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and draw attention to the continuity and similarity between Liberal radicalism within the bourgeois Liberal organisations of the second half of the 19th and early 20th century and National Socialism before 1933.